scholarly journals Neuzeitliche Kolonialismen: Das Kolonialreich Spanien. Der Aufstieg des spanischen Kolonialreiches an der Wende zur Frühen Neuzeit

2016 ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Lisa-Marie Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
New World ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
World History ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Spanish Colonialism ◽  
The Impact

The following seminar-paper deals with the early modern colonialism by the example of the Spanish Empire. In this context the paper works on the question how and why the formerly small kingdom Castile-Aragón was successful in conquering the so called ‘new world’ and as a result in establishing one of the largest empires from global extent in world history from the 15th to the 16th century. Therefor the paper examines the conditions on the Iberian Peninsula at that time as well as the backgrounds of the oversea-conquest, including the impact on the indigenous population, to finally clarify the question of how the spanish colonialism was designed.

scholarly journals From the Inquisition Pyre to Insertion into the Church: The Familial and Social Trajectory of Hernando Ortiz, a Jewish Convert in the Spanish Empire in the 16th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Clara Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Jewish Ancestry ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

This is a study of the trajectory of a Jewish converso who had a brilliant career at the University of Mexico in the 16th century: he received degrees from the faculties of arts, theology and law and was a professor for more than 28 years. He gained prestige and earned the respect of his fellow citizens, participated in monarchical politics and was an active member of his society, becoming the elected bishop of Guatemala. However, when he tried to become a judge of the Inquisition, a thorough investigation revealed his Jewish ancestry back in the Iberian Peninsula, causing his career to come to a halt. Further inquiry revealed that his grandmother had been burned by the Inquisition and accused of being a Judaizer around 1481; his nephews and nieces managed, in 1625, to obtain a letter from the Inquisition vouching for the “cleanliness of blood” of the family. Furthermore, the nephews founded an entailed estate in Oaxaca and forbade the heir of the entail to marry into the Jewish community. The university was a factor that facilitated their integration, but the Inquisition reminded them of its limits. The nephews denied their ancestors and became part of the society of New Spain. We have here a well-documented case that represents the possible existence of many others.

The Prospects for Scientific and Technological Development in Saudi Arabia

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-372
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Szyliowicz
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
New World ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
World History ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Today we are witnessing a very rare phenomenon in world history: a state suddenly deluged with an apparently inexhaustible amount of wealth as occurred in sixteenth-century Spain and Portugal when the riches of the New World flowed to the Iberian peninsula. Now the ‘black gold’ under the sands of the Arabian desert has provided one of the most underpopulated and under developed regions of the world with an equivalent bonanza. The new wealth of Spain helped to ruin that country. What will be the fate of Saudi Arabia and its small neighbors?

4. Early modern sainthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Yarrow
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Intellectual Creativity

‘Early modern sainthood’ describes the impact of the 16th-century Reformation on the image of the Christian saint. The Reformation, triggered by Augustinian friar Martin Luther, was a struggle for the highest stakes between fierce adversaries over the relationship between church and state, the authority and mission of the Church, the fundamental doctrines of the Christian faith, and the conscience of every soul in Christendom. It spurred immense intellectual creativity, fuelled iconoclasm and bitter polemic, and brought protracted war and martyrdom. It ultimately divided Europe into the Catholic states of southern Europe and those states of northern Europe whose princes embraced various kinds of Protestantism.

scholarly journals Mestizaje and Intercultural Communication as the Analeptics to the Transhistorical Borderland Crises in Alejandro Morales’s Novel The Rag Doll Plagues (1992)

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Foteini Toliou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
New World ◽  
World History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Spanish Colonialism ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This article focuses on Alejandro Morales’s novel The Rag Doll Plagues (1992) and explores the transhistorical dimensions of the subordination indigenous and mestiza/o identities experience against colonial and postcolonial authoritarian forces in the borderlands between Mexico and the United States. Spanish colonialism, US racism and eco-destruction, each transpiring in different moments of the New World history, are the diverse forms the borderland crises take up in the three Books comprising the novel. Mestizaje and intercultural communication, as well as the retrieval of the indigenous and Mexican cultural traditions, foster the ongoing creation of new hybrid racial, ethnic and cultural identities in all the three Books and, thus, emerge as the analeptics to the diachronically persistent plight of racism.

1. Calvinism: what’s in a name?

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jon Balserak
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
New World ◽  
Far East ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
General Philosophy ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Impact

The roots of Calvinism are found in 16th-century Zurich and Geneva, which became major centres for Reformation under the guidance of Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, and Heinrich Bullinger. They believed that Aurelius Augustine (354–430), who stressed the greatness and incomprehensibility of God, was the pre-eminent interpreter of Christian theology. ‘Calvinism: what’s in a name?’ explains the general philosophy of Calvinism and describes its spread from Zurich and Geneva throughout Europe, into the New World, and eventually Africa, the Far East, and the southern hemisphere. It also considers the impact of Calvinism and explains why some of its claims have been seen as provocative and socially disruptive.

scholarly journals SMALLPOX PLAGUE IN COLONIAL BRAZIL Historical tragedy or genocide?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Vainfas
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Black Plague

This article studies the impact the16th century smallpox pandemic had on the indigenous population of the Brazilian coast. It offers a comparison between the spread of smallpox in colonial America and the European Black Plague in the Late Middle Ages. It discusses the smallpox pandemic in the context of Iberian colonization, especially the Portuguese one. It analyzes the hypothesis of the African origin of the strain of smallpox spread in Brazil. It also examines quantitative evidence on native mortality, relating it to the procedures adopted in the Jesuit villages. Finally, it evaluates the relevance of concepts such as Genocide or Necropolitics for the studies on the smallpox pandemic in the 16th century.

‘Vat is the clock, Jack?’: Shakespeare and the Technology of Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Chiari
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
New Instruments

Sophie Chiari opens the volume’s last section with an exploration of the technology of time in Shakespeare’s plays. For if the lower classes of the Elizabethan society derived their idea of time thanks to public sundials, or, even more frequently in rural areas, to the cycles and rhythms of Nature, the elite benefited from a direct, tactile contact with the new instruments of time. Owning a miniature watch, at the end of the 16th century, was still a privilege, but Shakespeare already records this new habit in his plays. Dwelling on the anxiety of his wealthy Protestant contemporaries, the playwright pays considerable attention to the materiality of the latest time-keeping devices of his era, sometimes introducing unexpected dimensions to the measuring of time. Chiari also explains that the pieces of clockwork that started to be sold in early modern England were often endowed with a highly positive value, as timekeeping was more and more equated with order, harmony and balance. Yet, the mechanization of time was also a means of reminding people that they were to going to die, and the contemplation of mechanical clocks was therefore strongly linked to the medieval trope of contemptus mundi.

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