scholarly journals Russia in the Context of the Chinese “Belt and Road Initiative” Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Mikhail Nosov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Integration ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Union

At present time, there are three main international integration projects actually operating in the Eurasian space ‒ the European Union (EU), the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Chinese “Belt & Road Initiative” (BRI) project. All three differ in the time of their beginning, in economic and political possibilities, in methods of implementation and in its goals. All projects, one way or another, interact with each other in Eurasia with different intensity, potentially open up wide opportunities for them, but also create new problems. For Russia relations with China is one of the most important factors of its foreign policy and the Chinese project is a substantial part of it. The article examines the history of the Chinese project, the reasons for its occurrence, and the problems arising in bilateral and global relations in the context of Russia’s participation in it.

scholarly journals Eurasian Economic Union – Realities of the Current Situation

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S. Chernyavskiy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
The Face ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Economic Union

Eurasian integration is Russia’s most important foreign policy project. In the face of economic sanctions, it faces additional difficulties. A very painful problem is overcoming the tendency to reduce mutual trade, since the reserves for the growth of mutual trade associated with the removal of administrative barriers have been exhausted, and the range of goods remains virtually unchanged. The development of trade within the EEU is hampered by a drop in world prices on commodity markets, which has led to a decrease in solvency within the Union. To overcome this negative trend can only be through a significant diversification of commodity exchange. Despite the abolition of customs borders between the members of the union, it was not possible to eliminate all exemptions and restrictions at the previous stages of the development of the EEU.The sanctions regime introduced by the European Union and Russia’s response measures created additional problems in the development of the internal market of the EEU. One of the obstacles to Eurasian integration is the lack of activity of mutual investment activities. The goals set by the Eurasian integration should be clear, concrete, and, most importantly, achievable, and the results - tangible not only for governments and business circles, but also for the population of the countries concerned.

The Beijing–Minsk Partnership and Belarus’s Role in China’s Economic Relations with the European Union

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Anthony V. Rinna
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

China’s deepening ties with the Republic of Belarus, combined with the latter’s geographic position between the EU and Russia (the veritable leader of the Eurasian Economic Union), stands to potentially benefit China’s bid to deepen economic cooperation with the European Union. More specifically, enhanced collaboration between Beijing and Minsk helps the PRC develop relations with the Eurasian Economic Union (essential to China’s ambitions to augment cooperation with Europe) while simultaneously providing a geographic avenue for China into the central and eastern European regions of the EU for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Nevertheless, the degree to which Beijing’s stronger relations with Minsk will serve Chinese interests in connecting with Europe will depend in large on whether or not Belarus and the EU can overcome significant differences in their relationship, as well as whether the relationship between the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (as a partner of the BRI) takes on a cooperative or a competitive nature.

scholarly journals State and prospects of international integration associations development in terms of new challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 10007
Author(s):  
Marina Alekseevna Izmailova ◽  
Mikhail Yakovlevich Veselovsky ◽  
Alla Vladimirovna Nikonorova ◽  
Veronika Vitalievna Yagubyants ◽  
Lenar Albertovich Yunusov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Political Associations

Research background: The European Union has accumulated significant experience of consolidated economic cooperation over the 28-year history of development. There are the prerequisites for building rational interactions with the Eurasian Economic Union. Significant amount of theoretical and practical data has been accumulated; its analysis allows making conclusions about the intensity of economic cooperation of the European Union with all member states of the Eurasian Economic Union and the prospects for the further development of partnership relations in the future. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify the prospects for the development of integration associations on the example of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union in modern conditions characterized by the spread of a new coronavirus infection and the preservation of a complicated geopolitical situation. Methods: The results of the study were obtained using general scientific methods of cognition (induction and deduction, methods of dialectics, analysis and synthesis), analytical research methods (logical and comparative analysis, analysis of economic and statistical indicators), methods of scientific forecasting and expert assessments. Findings & Value added: The article submits the current state of integration economic relations analysis results on the example of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union as the largest economic and political associations. The analysis of the state and dynamics of the integration associations development, as well as the conditions of their functioning, makes it possible to define the current trends in the development of integration associations and their determining factors.

scholarly journals European Union integration and the belt and road initiative: A curious case of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-355
Author(s):  
Mihajlo Vucic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Eu

The topic of this article is the Serbian foreign policy between its main strategic aims - membership in the European Union, and cooperation with China in the framework of the Belt and Road initiative. Serbia bases its foreign policy upon four pillars - the accession process to the EU and three strategic partnerships with great world powers - China, the United States of America, and Russia. However, the accession process to the EU requires from Serbia to strictly follow its obligations from the Stabilization and Association Agreement, Treaty Establishing the Transport Community, and other treaties signed with the EU which might sometimes conflict with project activities from the Belt and Road partnership process. These obligations relate mostly to competition and environmental protection. The author gives the analysis of the main points of possible conflict and indicates a double standard in the EU approach to the Belt and Road initiative. Then he presents arguments that indicate the Belt and Road can serve as a bridge between candidate countries and the EU internal market. The author concludes that although there exist some structural justifications to EU?s skepticism towards the Belt and Road, the best way to overcome them is to insist on political dialogue on many existing levels between the EU and China, with the aim to exchange information between them on EU rules, policies and standards to make sure Chinese investments and other financial activities in Serbia are in accordance with its accession obligations.

China’s Global and Civilizational Re-Balancing and India’s Options

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850005
Author(s):  
B. R. Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Silk Route ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
India And China

As China unfolds a new economic and foreign policy with its neighbors by promoting the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative (BRI), the revival of the ‘Silk Route Spirit’ that integrated regions economically and culturally seems imminent. India and China were at the Centre of civilizational and global rebalancing during ancient times; can they come together yet again after the centuries of Western dominance? The connectivity initiatives whether from China or India, no matter how grandiose or miniscule they are, could be considered parts of the globalization processes that would immensely benefit countries and regions? The symbiosis or metamorphosis of these processes is extremely important if the dividends of the globalization are to be achieved and shared. I argue that the BRI which is a re-globalization drive from the orient needs to dock itself with other similar yet smaller processes initiated by other countries and regions for example the ‘Sagarmala’ and ‘Bharatmala’ of India; Eurasian Economic Union of Russia etc. The metamorphosis into each other’s initiative may lead the BRI to success. India, needs to be an insider rather than an outsider of this value chain. It holds that the cooperation entails deeper integration among countries concerned, and will open vistas of opportunities in many diversified areas including trade, transport, tourism, as well as cooperation in traditional and non-tradition security.

scholarly journals The Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union: Exploring the “Greater Eurasian Partnership”

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Gaziza Shakhanova ◽  
Jeremy Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

The Russian-led Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is a key partner in China’s Belt, and Road Initiative (BRI), since it comprises the majority of territories which the BRI’s overland route, the Silk Road Economic Belt, needs to traverse as it crosses Central Asia on the way to Europe. The goal of this article is to explore the BRI in the context of BRI–EAEU coordination. The first part of the analysis focusses on the ways the Eurasian Economic Commission delineates the “Greater Eurasian Partnership” and counterposes it against China and the BRI. Then, the article compares two sets of interpretations of the BRI and “Greater Eurasian Partnership” obtained from interviews with elites in Kazakhstan and Russia. The interviews indicate that the BRI has had a much more forceful impact on local elites than Russia’s idea of “Greater Eurasian Partnership.”

Towards an Enhanced Institutional Structure of the Eurasian Economic Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Igor V. Pilipenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Eu

This article considers how to enhance the institutional structure of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in order to enable timely decision-making and implementation of governance decisions in the interests of Eurasian integration deepening. We compare the governance structures of the EAEU and the European Union (EU) using the author’s technique and through the lens of theories of neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism elaborated with respect to the EU. We propose to determine a major driver of the integration process at this stage (the College of the Eurasian Economic Commission or the EAEU member states), to reduce the number of decision-making bodies within the current institutional structure of the EAEU, and to divide clearly authority and competence of remaining bodies to exclude legal controversies in the EAEU.

Integration processes in higher education

2021 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
M.A. Polozhishnikova ◽  
E.Yu. Raikova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Education System ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Economic Union

The article defines the features of higher education in the Eurasian Economic Union and the prospects for cooperation with the European Union in the field of training personnel capable of solving the problems of eliminating technical barriers in the implementation of foreign economic activity and identifies the main integration processes in the higher education system.

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