ONE. Tracing the Individual Body: Photography, Detectives, and Early Cinema

1995 ◽  
pp. 15-45 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cinema ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

scholarly journals The Literature of Fear in Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildiko Csengei
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

This essay reads Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem, Fears in Solitude, in the context of the letters, memoirs, pamphlets, prints and caricatures that were produced in Britain during the 1797-98 French invasion scare. The essay will explore the ways in which these written and visual products attempted to evoke, express and even suppress feelings of fear, anxiety and terror and aims to understand Coleridge’s ‘fears’ in the context of these feelings. In particular, the essay will examine how Coleridge’s poem responds to the heightened alertness following the Fishguard landing in February 1797. In Fears in Solitude, Coleridge is deeply ambivalent about his stance towards his own country and his attitude towards the French. Reviewers and scholars have long been debating the poem’s pro- or anti-war stance, and whether or not it is part of a contemporary alarmist discourse. Many broadsides, handbills and pamphlets published during this period warned about the horrors of a possible French invasion. They were funded by royalist associations with the sole aim of propagating fear across the nation. While these publications contributed to a widespread discourse of alarm, others, especially the visual culture of the period, challenged and ridiculed such fearmongering. Military and naval accounts and other first-hand narratives gave voice to the feelings pervading this time of psychological warfare, and explored the extent to which the horrors of war did come home intimately to affect the individual body and mind during this time. Read in the context of such contemporary texts, Coleridge’s poem emerges as an artistic discourse designed reflectively to manage his own and the nation’s fears instead of perpetuating the feeling itself.

Light Dance

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Seth Riskin
Keyword(s):  
Simple Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Room Light ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body ◽  
Movement Expression

The author discusses the origin and meaning of his Light Dance artwork. The simple approach—placing a source of light on the body and thereby manipulating the illumination of the surrounding space through body movements—alters the viewer’s perception of space and time. Architecture appears malleable as the performer affects the size, shape and speed of light forms that reach from the body to the boundaries of the room. Light, in this perceptual environment, is not a mere transmitter of information between the invariant material surroundings and the eye of the viewer; light is a space-defining extension of the performer’s body that transposes movement expression from the individual body to the shared space. An inversion of subjective and objective “spaces” is realized in the experience of Light Dance wherein the prevailing conceptual hierarchy of light and vision is overcome.

From Liberties to Liberty

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-130
Author(s):  
Charlotte Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
House Church ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

This chapter studies how liberty in the law evolved from being attached to a collective, metaphorical body—the medieval corporation—to being rooted instead in the individual body across a range of practices in seventeenth century Europe. It analyses the early modern forms of toleration that developed from the ground-up in Protestant Europe (Holland and Germany in particular), including the practices of ‘walking out’ (auslauf) to worship one’s God, and the house church (schuilkerk). These practices were key to delinking liberty from place, and thus to paving the way to attaching it instead to territory and the state. The chapter also considers the first common law of naturalisation, known as Calvin’s Case (1608), which wrote into the law the process of becoming an English subject—of subjection. This law decisively rooted the state-subject relation in the bodies of monarch and subject coextensively. Both of these bodies were deeply implicated in the process of territorialisation that begat the modern state in seventeenth-century England, and in shifting the political bond from local authorities to the sovereign. The chapter then examines the corporeal processes underwriting the centralisation of authority, and shows how the subject’s body also became—via an increasingly important habeas corpus—the centre point of the legal revolution that yielded the natural rights of the modern political subject. Edward Coke plays a central role in the chapter.

The Obviousness and Obvious Limits of Individuality as Human Essence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn van Zomeren
Keyword(s):  
Human Essence ◽  
Zoom In ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body ◽  
Cultural Embeddedness

The chapter discusses the different approaches to the human essence that the six chapters in this first section contributed under the umbrella of individuality. More specifically, it first discusses them in terms of the seeming obviousness of locating the human essence in the individual body and/or mind, and then the obvious limits of this in the quest for identifying the human essence. Subsequently, it discusses what we may be missing when we zoom in too much onto the individual’s body, brain, and mind, which is what happens between individuals that cannot be reduced to the individual itself. In doing so, the chapter already provides a window on the second and third sections of the volume, which deal with relationality and cultural embeddedness as crucial aspects of the human essence.

scholarly journals Crowd surveillance: The (in)securitization of the urban body

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidefumi Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Behaviour Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crowd Behaviour ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crowd Surveillance ◽  
Individual Body

The recent proliferation of the securitization of crowded places has led to a growth in the development of technologies of crowd behaviour analysis. However, despite the emerging prominence of crowd surveillance in emergency planning, its impacts on our understanding of security and surveillance have received little discussion. Using the case of crowd surveillance in Tokyo, this article examines the ways in which crowds are simulated, monitored and secured through the technology of crowd behaviour analysis, and discusses the implications on the politics of security. It argues that crowd surveillance constitutes a unique form of the biopolitics of security that targets not the individual body or the social body of population, but the urban body of crowd. The power of normalization in crowd surveillance operates in a preemptive manner through the codification of crowd behaviour that is spatially and temporarily specific. The article also interrogates the introduction of crowd surveillance in relation to racialized logics of suspicion and argues that, despite its appearance as non-discriminatory and ‘a-racial’, crowd surveillance entails the racial coding of crowd behaviour and urban space. The article concludes with the introduction of crowd surveillance as a border control technology, which reorients existing modalities of (in)securitization at airports.

On Pain as a Distinct Sensation: Mapping Intensities, Affects, and Difference in ‘Interior States’

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Departure Point ◽  
Gate Control Theory ◽  
Claude Bernard ◽  
Gate Control ◽  
Reported Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kurt Goldstein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

A recent widely reported study found that some participants would prefer to self-administer a small electric shock than be bored. This flawed study serves as a departure point to diagram pain and sensation beyond the boundaries of the individual body, consisting of four sections. First, in terms of laboratory-based experimentation and auto-experimentation with pain, there is a long history of viewing pain and touch through introspective means. Second, later theories of pain successively widened the scope of the physiological mechanisms and external influences on the organism, such as Melzack and Wall’s cybernetics-influenced gate control theory. Third, we briefly consider the nervous system as a homeostatic system, which finds an historical parallel in explanations of the milieu intérieur of the organism, via Claude Bernard and Kurt Goldstein. Fourth, pain helps tip the organism as a whole from perception to action, but also operates beyond the organism as a biopsychosocial phenomenon.

scholarly journals Molecular Politics, Wearables, and the Aretaic Shift in Biopolitical Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Peter Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

Since the publication of Nikolas Rose’s ‘The Politics of Life Itself’ (2001) there has been vivid discussion about how biopolitical governance has changed over the last decades. This article uses what Rose terms ‘molecular politics’, a new socio-technical grip on the human body, as a contrasting background to ask anew his question ‘What, then, of biopolitics today?’ – albeit focusing not on advances in genetics, microbiology, and pharmaceutics, as he does, but on the rapid proliferation of wearables and other sensor-software gadgets. In both cases, new technologies providing information about the individual body are the common ground for governance and optimization, yet for the latter, the target is habits of moving, eating and drinking, sleeping, working and relaxing. The resulting profound differences are carved out along four lines: ‘somatic identities’ and a modified understanding of the body; the role of ‘expert knowledge’ compared to that of networks of peers and self-experimentation; the ‘types of intervention’ by which new technologies become effective in our everyday life; and the ‘post-discipline character’ of molecular biopolitics. It is argued that, taken together, these differences indicate a remarkable shift which could be termed aretaic: its focus is not ‘life itself’ but ‘life as it is lived’, and its modality are new everyday socio-technical entanglements and their more-than-human rationalities of (self-)governance.

scholarly journals State vs. Culture or State ‘and’ Culture vs. the Individual Body: A review analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
G. Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Know How ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Village ◽  
National Health Policies ◽  
Individual Body ◽  
Village Population

This paper reflects on the dichotomy of state and culture through ‘certain groups of people’, impacting their behaviour and wants towards their own health. Analysis commences with a brief commentary on pre-independence India, whereby the rhetoric of nationalism was imprinted on individual bodies through the call for maintaining the health of a nation. This argument is then extended to include the present day-scenario of the state, whereby, the state sees itself as something beyond the individual; where it is the hub of ‘know-how’ of maintaining its population, yet at the same time distant from it. Second section presents the control of culture through community on the bodies of individual members (women). The two arguments are based on the review of an in-depth study by Jeffery and Jeffery (2010) in a village in Uttar Pradesh on the perceptions of the village population on national health policies. The article is concluded, with the necessity to understand and discover discourses of not state vs. culture (or community), but also of state and culture vs. agency vis-à-vis health and health care provisions.K

scholarly journals Ekploitasi Tubuh Aktivis Perempuan Pengurus Cabang Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia Kabupaten Malang

AL-HUKAMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-171
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zainuri
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Women Activists ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Women's Development ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interesting Event ◽  
Individual Body

In implementing the works program of the Branch Management of Indonesian Islamic Students Movement of Malang Regency, for the sake of a good and interesting event, the owners of power use female activists to become workers. Women activists must carry out tasks that are not in accordance with their job descriptions, get coercion from fellow activists to carry out tasks that they themselves have not yet experienced and only try first, and the most striking is when female activists are not happy if there is a women's development program. The practice of exploitation of these women activists, seen in this article, uses Michel Foucault's body discipline theory. The body's discipline works as a normalization of behavior designed by utilizing the productive and reproductive abilities of the human body. The practice of power through disciplining the body, creates a situation where the individual body can internalize submission and make it look like a normal state. This practice is what Foucault calls the normalization of power over the individual body. Individuals will never feel that they are being used and subjugated because they already consider it to be within reasonable limits. It can also be said that this is a veiled exploitation.

scholarly journals El cuerpo desde una subjetividad de progreso en la ‘nueva’ época antropocena

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Ricardo Iglesias García
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

La evolución del concepto de cuerpo individual/cuerpo social, específicamente desde la modernidad, la industrialización y la actual implementación de las tecnologías nos conduce hacia una visión del sujeto humano en un continuo proceso de progreso ‘egoísta’, con sus correspondientes repercusiones en la totalidad del ecosistema terrestre. Según algunos científicos es necesario plantearnos la posibilidad de unanueva época geología: el antropoceno. La idea del cuerpo autómata persiste en nuestro imaginario occidental. Es notable, además, que el cuerpo se proponga como máquina y no como forma natural, cuestión que no dejará de traer consecuencias al momento de ejercer actividades con/sobre el cuerpo y sobre su espacio vital. Las nuevas tecnologías ofrecen la posibilidad de superar los límites impuestos por nuestra herencia biológica en una especie de deseo explícito de no aceptar nuestro pasado, ni nuestro origen natural-orgánico, frente a una automejora y modificación en un sistema de progreso ad infinitum. En este sentido, una serie importante de pensadores, científicos y artistas han generado relecturas el cuerpo como algo completamente obsoleto, como una cáscara vacía que debe ser abandonada paratecnológicamente dar paso al siguiente nivel en la evolución humana: el Techno Sapiens o el Cyborg. Seaboga para que el objeto de estudio de la antropología pase del ser humano al cyborg, considerado éste como un representante más idóneo de nuestro presente y, sobre todo, de nuestro futuro. Paralelamente en la esfera del arte aparecen figuras que buscan representar esta tecnoevolución como Stelar, Marcel·lí Antúnez, o Carlos Corpa, entre otros. The evolution of the concept of the individual body / social body, specifically from modernity, industrialization and the current implementation of technologies, leads us to a vision of the human subject in a continuum of ‘egotistic’ progress as well as its corresponding repercussions in the totality of its natural environment. According to some scientific, it is necessary to consider the possibility of a new geology era:the Anthropocene. The idea of the automaton body persists in our Western imaginary. It is also remarkable that the body is proposed as a machine and not as a natural object, an issue not without consequences, when exercising activities with / on the body and on its vital space. The new technologies offer the possibility of overcoming the limits imposed by our biological inheritance in a sort of explicit desire to accept neither our past, nor our natural-organic origin, in the face of self-improvement and modification in a system of progress Ad infinitum. In this sense, an important series of thinkers, scientists and artists have produced new approaches of the body as something completely obsolete, as an empty shell that must be abandoned to technologically give way to the next level in the human evolution: the Techno Sapiens or the Cyborg. It calls for the object of study of anthropology goes from human being to cyborg, considered as a more suitable representative of our present, and above all, of our future, with all its positive and negative consequences. At the same time in the realm of art, some figures who want to represent this techno-evolution have appeared such as Stelar, Marcel·lí Antúnez, Carlos Corpa, among others.

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