What is the Difference Between Philosophical Ideas and Concepts?

Introduction. The paper attempts to clarify the relation between ideas and concepts in philosophy seen as science and worldview. The author analyzes these forms of philosophical thought and reveals their epistemological similarities, as well as their essential and notional differences.Materials and Methods. The paper draws upon monographs and papers by Russian and foreign scholars focusing on issues connected with the analysis of philosophical ideas and notions. The methods implemented are comparative analysis, historico-philosophical synthesis, generalization, idealization, abstraction, and interpretation.Results. The central issue explored in the paper concerns similarities and differences between philosophical ideas and concepts. Philosophers do not have serious disagreements over the notion of a concept, but there is no consensus on what an idea is. While many thinkers seem to reduce ideas to representations, a philosophical idea is clearly different from a common opinion. Most notably, it must be expressed in form of a concept – the fact that characterizes it as an act of thinking. Analyzing these forms of thinking, the author arrives at the following conclusions: 1. Concepts reflect essence, ideas reflect aim (an ideal). 2. Concepts are a form of knowledge and are limited to the cognitive sphere; ideas pertain to understanding and are impactful. 3. Concepts are value-neutral, ideas are value-oriented. 4. Concepts are more static, ideas are more dynamic. 5. Philosophical concepts are usually anonymous, ideas are authorial. Ideas endow concepts with their original essence, while concepts endow ideas with their theoretical form. Without the creative power of ideas concepts degrade into banal epigonic thoughts. Thus, ideas and concepts are forms of thinking that have different purposes, but are still deeply connected and interchangeable.Discussion and Conclusions. The understanding of ideas proposed in the paper goes against the currently dominant epistemological tradition which regards ideas as opinions, views, or representations and in doing so renders the term conceptually indeterminable. The heuristic and creative potential possessed by ideas that influence and stimulate the development of philosophy should be adequately evaluated. The essential role that ideas play in history should not be ignored as well. While ideas express interests of different social groups, they should not be equated with interests, as philosophical ideas are meant to express fundamental issues of human essence and existence.

HUMAN TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN CULTURAL SPACE: ETHICAL-AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT

The article examines the transformations of man in the modern cultural space in the ethical and axiological aspect. Emphasis is placed on understanding the transformations of the «external», which are associated with (self) construction of the image of man and the human body, through the prism of artificial/natural dichotomy. It is noted that the common directions of «human improvement» are based on such values as the cult of the ideal body, the cult of youth, the cult of beauty, the superpowers of the human body. Emphasis is placed on the problem of the limits of permissible artificial interference in the biological nature of man to preserve the natural human essence.

Feuerbach’s Concept of Religious Alienation and Its Influence

The present study is an attempt to revisit how Feuerbach discusses the concept of alienation from religious point of view. According to Feuerbach, Religion and God do not exist beyond the human reach; rather they are the creation of human being. True religion is the relation of man with himself or with his own true nature. God according to Feuerbach is the manifested inward nature of man. But when man cannot understand that the religion and God are nothing but the creation of human being, he becomes alienated from his actual nature. Worshiping external God is nothing but expression of human emotion. If God is regarded as something different from man, man becomes separated from his own true nature and ultimately he becomes alienated. In other words, if human essence is considered as truly belongs to God who exists beyond human reach, man becomes alienated from himself. Later on Marx regards this religious alienation as means of capitalists’ process of exploitation. In other words, with the help of religious alienation capitalists’ perpetuate their class exploitation. Thus, the present work will mainly focus on Feuerbach’s concept of religious alienation and how subsequently Marx has adopted and critically analyzed this concept of religious alienation in his philosophy.

Satirical graphics in the creation of the plastic artist Iurie Rumeanțev

d cultural barometer, it highlighted the perception and plastic reflection of events and changes typical of the weather. Quite a few plastic artists contributed to this, among whom the graphic artist Iurie Rumeanțev. The artist showed skill, artistry and originality in the perspective of emphasizing some interesting facets of everyday life. During his creative activity, the artist creates numerous satirical sheets that see the light of day in various publications, including the satire and humor magazine "Chipăruș", the magazine "Femeia Moldovei", the newspaper "Tinerimea Moldovei", etc. Frequently participating in international exhibitions, Iurie Rumeanțev is appreciated with diplomas and medals both for his caricatures and for his book graphics. Artistically reflecting the social life of the era in which he worked, Iurie Rumeanțev managed to create valuable graphic sheets in which, situations, frequently encountered in everyday life, are mirrored in an ironic way. At the same time, the artist excludes distortions of shape and hideousness in the representation of the characters, emphasizing the artistic revelations of the human essence. Simultaneously with the satirical graphics, Iurie Rumeanțev also manages to persevere in book graphics by making reference works.

Le sommeil d’un mannequin: exploring material memory through film

Le Sommeil d’un mannequin is a practice-based research project that examines the relationship between the female body and the body of the mannequin through creative methods of plaster body casting and experimental film. The film, Le Sommeil d’un mannequin, conveys the psychic experience of memory found in the unconsciousness state. Through the use of experimental filmmaking, this project speaks to the transformative power of memories and the interpretation of memory that is implied in the psychoanalytic writings of Sigmund Freud. Subsequently, this project bares importance to the study of material culture because it takes into account the human essence present in the fabrication and production of cultural objects. Applying Jules Prown’s method of object analysis uncovered the role of the mannequin to be more than just a cultural display of feminine identity.

Le sommeil d’un mannequin: exploring material memory through film

Le Sommeil d’un mannequin is a practice-based research project that examines the relationship between the female body and the body of the mannequin through creative methods of plaster body casting and experimental film. The film, Le Sommeil d’un mannequin, conveys the psychic experience of memory found in the unconsciousness state. Through the use of experimental filmmaking, this project speaks to the transformative power of memories and the interpretation of memory that is implied in the psychoanalytic writings of Sigmund Freud. Subsequently, this project bares importance to the study of material culture because it takes into account the human essence present in the fabrication and production of cultural objects. Applying Jules Prown’s method of object analysis uncovered the role of the mannequin to be more than just a cultural display of feminine identity.

Essentially Subhuman: Psychological Essentialism Facilitates Dehumanization

Dehumanization has played a prominent role in myriad human atrocities, which inspired us to investigate its social-cognitive basis. Since dehumanization consists of perceiving another to lack a defining human essence, scholars have suggested that this process may be grounded in psychological essentialism, the belief that members of a group all share an underlying essence. Indeed, essentialism predicted Americans’ blatant dehumanization of various national outgroups (Study 1). After demonstrating this relationship, we attempted to mitigate dehumanization by reducing the tendency to think in an essentialist manner. Subjects led to hold an incremental theory about human traits expressed less psychological essentialism than those led to hold an entity theory, and these reductions in essentialism accounted for reductions in dehumanization (Study 2). We conceptually replicated these findings by targeting essentialist beliefs about racial differences (Study 3). This provides a promising foundation for future research to investigate the generalizability of our results and identify potential suppressor variables.

CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF PERSONALITY: MAIN MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT

The difficulty of studying the phenomenon is that there is no single definition of creativity. Therefore, this is the reason for the need to substantiate the creativity characteristics and determine the main personal abilities that motivate creativity. Creativity is a means of self-realization of an individual, the characteristic essence of human existence. It is creativity that an individual realizes his inner potential in. The realization of the creative potential of individuals becomes a measure and criterion for assessing the development of the socio-cultural environment. As a means of knowing the world, creativity reveals the great potential of the human spirit, and the realization of the creative potential of a man provides the creation of new things in ideal forms and socio-practical activities. Creative activity is one of the main factors in developing human essence. The process of creative activity, the results of activity, the personality of the creator as well as the environment and conditions in which creativity is carried out can be determined in the structure of creative activity. The ability to be creative is unique to a man because a man creates a new product that did not exist before. Creativity as a complex mental activity of a man is characterized by its psychological features. Creativity begins with setting tasks to be solved within the process of activity, then there is the search for a solution. But creativity becomes full-fledged only when a person turns new ideas into a social product that becomes accessible to understanding and perception by others. Creativity is associated with the structural and functional renewal of activity, its transformation into a more perfect activity which is expressed in the newly created material and spiritual values. The self-realization of a creative personality occurs through the disclosure of the inherent creative potential which is determined by talent, creativity, willingness to carry out various forms of activity and its productivity determination.

On the issue of preserving ethnic authenticity

The article highlights the interethnic relations of Ukrainians and Lithuanians. It is implemented from the point of view of their socio-historical development in terms of state creation, cultural and economic ties, the role of prominent figures, features of lexical, folklore, ethno-anthroponymic factors, and the activities of cultural and business centers aimed at preserving ethnic authenticity in modern living conditions. The aim of the article is to consider the transformational processes of preserving the ethnic authenticity of the human essence in the context of the historical development of statehood in Lithuania and Ukraine, which continue to function in the creative cooperation of modern sovereign states. Ukraine and Lithuania are longstanding and reliable partners not only in economic, political, scientific and cultural cooperation - they are united by a common history and ancient cultural processes. In Dnipropetrovsk region, with the assistance of the regional state administration, centers of representatives of different nationalities are actively functioning, among which the Lithuanian cultural and business center takes an important place in the economic, scientific and cultural life of Ukraine. It has been concluded that the issue of preserving ethnic identity remains a very important factor in modern globalization processes and requires a thorough study of its important social features that form mutual respect, creative cooperation and a high spiritual culture of interethnic relations that will oppose discord, enmity and aggressive intentions between representatives of different nationalities of our planet.

LOVE IN THE NATURE OF HAPPINESS: EXISTING-HUMANISTIC ASPECT

The article emphasizes the importance of humane values in personal development, in the fullest, creative realization of a person's human essence, in the continuous pursuit of happiness. It is the proclamation and implementation of such values as goodness, justice, compassion, responsibility, freedom, conscience, dignity, honor, and others. From the standpoint of the existential-humanistic approach, the role of love as a value in the nature of happiness, its connection with creativity, spirituality, and dreams is considered. Love as one of the most important human values, the high meaning of life, the spiritual ability of man can be manifested in various types of relationships. The author of the article focuses on love for all that exists - for other people, for nature, for life, for the world, on the meaning of a person's ability to give and receive love. Key words: happiness, love, dream, creativity, meaning of life, spirituality, existential-humanistic aspect