Intersections of Inequality with Correctional Staff

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Owen ◽  
James Wells ◽  
Joycelyn Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Correctional Staff ◽  
Women's Prison ◽  
Obvious Inequality ◽  
Prison Community

Chapter 6 expands on the consequences of the obvious inequality between correctional worker and prisoner. Much of this inequality is routinely expressed in disrespectful and derogatory comments made by staff about women prisoners. Narrative and survey data is used to describe how staff sexual harassment, misconduct, and physical violence are relatively rare, but are a serious concern to most members of the women’s prison community. The problem of staff sexual misconduct is not one of magnitude. Rather, the fact that any number of staff employed to provide care and custody of women prisoners harm women through sexually-based actions should be troubling to all of us.

Parenting Programs for Imprisoned Mothers

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Glasser
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Programs ◽  
Women Prisoners ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Federally Funded ◽  
Incarcerated Mothers ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Women's Prison ◽  
Imprisoned Mothers

From 1987 to 1990 more than five hundred women participated in federally funded parenting programs at the Connecticut Correctional Institution at Niantic, the only women's prison in Connecticut. The major goal of the parenting programs was to maintain and strengthen the bond between incarcerated mothers and their children. Previous research had indicated that 70 percent of women prisoners are mothers of children under eighteen years old and that over 80 percent of the mothers intend to be reunited with their children after release. (See Phyllis Jo Baunach, Mothers in Prison, New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1988; and Linda Abram Koban, "Parents in Prison: A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Incarceration on the Families of Men and Women," Research in Law, Deviance, and Social Control 5[1983]: 171-183.) Issues of mothering are central to the lives of women prisoners, and strengthening a woman's self-identity as a mother and her knowledge and skills in parenting has been thought to have a major impact on her chances for success upon release from prison.

scholarly journals Global Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Paramedics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Shabanikiya ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Kokabisaghi ◽  
Morteza Mojtabaeian ◽  
Tara Sahebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Violence is increasing in societies and workplaces around the world. This study aimed to review the literature on violence against paramedics in the prehospital setting and estimate the related exposure rates and types. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted based on the guidelines of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The literature on the prevalence of workplace violence against paramedics published from January 1990 to September 2019 was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase databases. The prevalence of violence was measured by using the random-effects model in Stata software. Sub-group analysis and meta-regression models were applied to explain the sources of heterogeneities. Results: The prevalence of overall violence, physical violence, verbal violence, and sexual harassment among study subjects were calculated to be 0.66 (95% CI CI: 0.20-1.11), 0.25 (CI: 0.16- 0.34), 0.58 (CI: 0.29-0.86) and 0.16 (CI: 0.09-0.22), respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female paramedics in terms of violence types. However, the prevalence of sexual harassment among women was higher than men (24% vs. 6%). The highest rate of physical violence and sexual harassment belonged to Europe and North America, while they had the lowest verbal violence. Asia and Australia had the lowest rate of physical violence and sexual harassment. Conclusion: Prehospital emergency service providers face a higher risk of potential exposure to violence in health care settings. This issue necessitates the special attention of prehospital care administrators to reduce the risk and related consequences of workplace violence by taking effective measures.

scholarly journals “Prevalence and Source of Various Types of Workplace Violence among Healthcare Professionals in the Public Hospitals of Karachi” A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Jai Dev Maheshwari ◽  
Sidra Zaheer ◽  
Greesh Kumar Maheshwari ◽  
Kiran Khan ◽  
Syeda Batool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial Harassment

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of violence among medical doctors in public sector hospitals of Karachi relating to physical violence, psychological violence (verbal and bullying/mobbing), sexual harassment and racial harassment). Methods:  A cross-sectional study was carried out in three public sector hospitals in Karachi (JPMC, Civil Hospital and Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital Karachi). Medical doctors of any age and gender who worked in outpatient departments, wards, and emergency departments were eligible to participate in the study. A validated WHO-designed questionnaire was used, with questions about exposure to violence, the source and types of violence, and socio-demographic information. In descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages were reported for all categorical variables. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate the relationship between workplace violence and other types of violence. Results: 350 questionnaires were distributed to qualified medical doctors in total. Only 300 of them responded, for an 85.7 percent response rate. The majority of respondents were under the age of 40, and male gender was slightly more exposed to violence. The majority of the doctors were subjected to verbal abuse as well as bullying and mobbing. Conclusion: It was then concluded that any type of violence was common in doctors aged >35 years and male gender was more exposed to any violence as compare to female gander. The main type of violence was verbal violence in our study, whereas racial harassment and sexual harassment was also seen.

Sexual Harassment of Students at Institutions of Higher Education: Variations in Students’ Experiences, Knowledge, and Perceptions Across Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512110625
Author(s):  
L. B. Klein ◽  
Marie C. D. Stoner ◽  
Nivedita L. Bhushan ◽  
Grace E. Mulholland ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Acquaintance Rape ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education

Attention to sexual misconduct has focused on acquaintance rape, leaving a need for research on less highly recognizable forms of harm. We estimated institution of higher education (IHE)-specific prevalence of yellow zone sexual harassment (SH) among students at 27 IHEs. We then examined SH and perceived risk of sexual assault/misconduct, knowledge regarding policies/resources, and perceptions of sexual misconduct response. Between 37.1% and 55.7% of students experienced SH. Harassed students were much more likely than non-harassed students to feel at risk for sexual misconduct and to have negative views of sexual misconduct response. Implications for research, policy, and prevention/response are discussed.

Collective Voices Online

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Vittoria Bernardini
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
Speaking Out ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Nancy Fraser

The chapter investigates how women use the practice of speaking out in their activism to bring issues that are significant to them from the private sphere into the public sphere. Specifically, it focuses on analyzing how this was achieved in the case of the #MeToo movement, taken as the most prominent example of activism against sexual harassment in recent years. Using the conceptual tool of counter public sphere developed by Nancy Fraser, the chapter examines two relevant events from #MeToo: the sexual misconduct allegations against actor Aziz Ansari and the circulation of the so-called “Shitty Media Men” list.

Psychological and physical violence towards children with disabilities in Finland and Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Koivula ◽  
Noora Ellonen ◽  
Staffan Janson ◽  
Carolina Jernbro ◽  
Heini Huhtala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychological Disabilities ◽  
Representative Samples

This article describes psychological aggression and physical violence by Swedish and Finnish mothers ( N = 3420) towards their 0- to 12-year-old children with disabilities ( N = 286) by comparing such behaviour with the mothers of children without disabilities ( N = 3134). The survey data are based on representative samples from Finland and Sweden of mothers’ reports of their behaviour towards their child in conflict situations. Mothers of children with disabilities reported more psychological aggression towards their child than did mothers of children without disabilities. Mothers used psychological aggression, especially towards children with neurological/psychological disabilities. However, the only significant difference regarding physical violence was repetitive use of mild physical violence. Overall, the analysis suggests that children with neurological/psychological disabilities are more exposed to both psychological and physical violence than children without disabilities or children with somatic/developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals Associations between Teacher- and Student-directed Sexual and Physical Violence in Physical Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095964
Author(s):  
Arto Gråstén ◽  
Marja Kokkonen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student Relationships ◽  
Fall Semester ◽  
Teachers Perceptions

This study examined relationships between teachers’ perceptions of verbal and non-verbal sexual harassment and physical violence against teachers and among students in physical education (PE). Participants were 175 (females 122, males 53) Finnish PE teachers between 27 and 62 years ( M = 44.8 ± 9.2 years). The cross-sectional data were collected by an anonymous online survey in the fall semester 2018. The findings showed that (a) higher levels of verbal sexual harassment and physical violence among students were associated with higher levels of equivalent types of violence against PE teachers, (b) higher levels of verbal and non-verbal sexual harassment among students were associated with higher levels of physical assaults among students, whereas only non-verbal sexual harassment was associated with physical violence against teachers, and (c) verbal sexual harassment and physical violence among students occurred more frequently in PE classes instructed by less experienced teachers. The results indicated that to prevent both teacher- and student-directed verbal sexual harassment and physical violence in school PE, special attention could be given to the positive development of student–student relationships.

scholarly journals How partisanship and sexism influence voters’ reactions to political #MeToo scandals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 205316802094172
Author(s):  
Mia Costa ◽  
Trevor Briggs ◽  
Ajaipal Chahal ◽  
Jonathan Fried ◽  
Rijul Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Partisan Bias ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Overall Evaluation

Influential theories of motivated reasoning, as well as real-world anecdotal examples, would suggest that voters do not always penalize legislators from their own party for alleged immoral behavior, such as sexual harassment. But very little empirical evidence exists on how voters react to sexual misconduct allegations, especially since the start of the #MeToo movement. We examine how partisanship and sexist attitudes shape individuals’ reactions to sexual harassment allegations about a politician. Using a pretest–posttest online experiment, we randomize both the party affiliation of the accused legislator as well as the severity of the allegations. Overall, we find some evidence of partisan bias, but that there may be a limit. Subjects were more forgiving of an accused co-partisan legislator than a legislator of the opposing party in their overall evaluation and their perceptions of punitive repercussions, but their levels of electoral support decreased just as much for co-partisans as they did for opposing partisans. Importantly, these reactions are strongly conditioned by sexism; as subjects’ levels of sexism increase, the otherwise large and negative effect of allegations on evaluations of favorability and electoral support disappears.

Factors Associated With Types of Sexual Assault Victimization and Bystander Behavior Among South Korean University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-971
Author(s):  
Dong Ha Kim ◽  
Myung-Yong Um ◽  
Hyunkag Cho ◽  
Eui Bhin Lee ◽  
Jong Serl Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Bystander Behaviors ◽  
Korean Universities

The aim of the current study was to gain understanding about incidences of sexual misconduct and bystander behaviors in South Korean universities. Specifically, risk factors were examined associated with three different types of sexual assault victimization (verbal or visual sexual harassment, physically forced sexual assault, and incapacitated sexual assault) and investigated the factors related to bystander behaviors. Data were collected via an online survey tool called SurveyMonkey in 2016. The total sample of participants comprised 1,944 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students from six universities in Seoul, South Korea. One logistic regression was conducted with a sample who reported sexual assault victimization (n = 1,079) to examine the risk factors associated with the three types of sexual misconduct. The other logistic regression was conducted with the subsample of bystanders (n = 540) to examine the relationships between bystander behavior and risk factors. In the main results, each type of sexual misconduct was associated differentially with age, alcohol blackouts, depression, child abuse and neglect, being an international student, and childhood sexual victimization. Also, persons who were older, self-identified LGBT, and victimized by verbal or visual sexual harassment at university were more likely to intervene when sexual misconduct occurred. These findings have implications for policies and interventions to reduce and prevent sexual misconduct in Korean universities.

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