Composing Authority in Six Forged “Haydn” Sonatas

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Reece
Keyword(s):  
Historical Writing ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Keyboard Sonatas

In December 1993 news broke that six keyboard sonatas whose rediscovery was being hailed as “The Haydn Scoop of the Century” were, in fact, not by Haydn at all. It soon emerged that the compositions—initially believed to be the lost Hob. XVI:2a–e and 2g—were not simple misattributions, but rather something that has rarely been discussed in the music world: modern forgeries deliberately constructed to deceive scholars and listeners. Adapting philosophical and art-historical writing on forgery to music, this article examines the six “Haydn” sonatas in the context of contemporary debates about expertise, postmodernism, and the author concept. Analyzing the stylistic content of the works in question sheds new light on musical forgeries as artifacts of aesthetic prejudice and anti-academic critique. More broadly, it suggests that the long-overlooked phenomenon of forgery poses questions about authorship, authority, and truth itself that have an important place in our shared history as musicologists. Should our standards of evidence be rooted in historical sources, musical style, or some combination of the two? What kind of relationship do we believe exists between composers and their works? And is there any inherent reason—cultural, ethical, or otherwise—that we cannot write music like Haydn’s today? In posing such questions, the story of the forged Haydn sonatas provides us with a unique opportunity to reflect on the values and future of the field.

scholarly journals Rethinking Religion and Sustainable Development in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Prisca A Gobo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
African Traditional Religion ◽  
Proper Interpretation

This article suggests religion as a viable option for sustainable development in Africa. The focus will be on the three major religions in Africa, namely, African Traditional Religion (ATR), Islam and Christianity. The crux of this paper is on the areas of strength and similarities in the three religions which could foster development. Approaching this topic from within the African and African diasporic context, the nexus between the religions will be established. We will be historical in our interrogation of facts. By analysing the different historical sources and adherents of these religions, proper interpretation would be given to this topic using the interdisciplinary approach to historical writing. Conclusions would be drawn after careful examination of the facts which would clearly indicate that religion could aid sustainable development in more ways than one.

scholarly journals Genre and style priorities of accordion performance in traditional common culture of USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
L. Shemet
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Music ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
Regional Specificity

The relevance of the study is determined by the wide popularity of accordion in various genres and styles of American folk music, significant achievements of American accordionists in preserving and developing performing traditions in accordance with the ethnocultural specifics of a particular region of the country and presentation of creative achievements of famous American folk groups in the world music space, as well as by lack of the studies on this issue in the field of musicology in Ukraine. The aim of the study is to define the genre and style priorities of accordion performance in the traditional common culture of Americans, highlight the regional specifics of styles and genres of American folk music, in the reproduction of which the accordion is directly involved, as well as describe textural, articulatory and picking, metric and rhythmic features of playing the instrument. The methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the interaction of scientific approaches, among which an important place is occupied by historical, cultural, systemic, structural and functional, musicological methods. The results. In the traditional common culture of Americans, the performance on the accordion is presented quite diversely in terms of the instruments, distribution areas, genre, and style palette of music performed. Historical, sociocultural and geopolitical factors, ethnocultural influences, multicultural tendencies determined the regional specificity of the instruments. The Cajun accordion, the diatonic button accordion, and the chromatic piano accordion have gained considerable popularity in the traditional common culture of various regions of the United States. Each of them took leading positions in the reproduction of a certain musical style: Cajun accordion — Cajun and Zydeco, diatonic button accordion — Cojunto, chromatic piano accordion — Zydeco. The button (diatonic or chromatic) and piano accordions were mainly used in the instrumental composition of dance music groups, in particular in the genre of polka, depending on the region with the corresponding ethnic specificity. The accordion performance vividly embodies the genre and style features of American folk music in the context of its historical dynamics and capability of artistic expression, including intonation expressiveness and characteristic techniques of playing, inherent in a certain design model of the instrument. The topicality of the study is to reproduce the genre and style specifics of accordion performance in the traditional common culture of Americans.

The Keyboard Sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti and Eighteen-Century Musical Style

2006 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Marie Demeilliez ◽  
W. Dean Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Musical Style ◽  
Keyboard Sonatas ◽  
Eighteen Century

scholarly journals Wkład Alfonsa V Wspaniałomyślnego w upowszechnienie katalońskich zwyczajów kulinarnych w Królestwie Neapolu w XV wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Rafał Hryszko
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Times ◽  
Culinary Traditions ◽  
Important Form

Contribution of Alfonso V the Magnanimous to the Popularization of Catalan Culinary Customs in the Kingdom of Napl es in the 15th century The wars for Naples ended in 1442 with the victory of Alfonso V the Magnanimous, the ruler of the Crown of Aragon (1416–1458). The emergence of foreign authority in southern Italy entailed the transfer of the Catalan culture, language and customs to the area of Italian Mezzogiorno. In this process, Catalan culinary traditions which developed at the end of the fourteenth century also occupied an important place. One of them was a separate sweet snack, referred to by the Catalan term col·lació (collatio in Latin). The organization and celebration of col·lació became an important form of ostentation for the Catalan ruling and financial elites. In this article, the author discusses excerpts from historical sources whose authors include, among others, Antonio Beccadelli, Jordi de Centelles, Vespasiano da Bisticci, Giovanni Pontano, as well as the ambassadors of Barcelona and Portugal and other anonymous authors writing about the times of Alfonso V the Magnanimous. The data provided by these sources clearly indicate that this ruler followed the custom of eating sweet colazione known in Italy at this time and gave it a new meaning at least as early as in the 1440s. Thanks to this ruler of Aragon and new Neapolitan king, the sweet snack became one of the instruments of the ostentation of wealth and prestige for the new rulers of the southern part of Italy and soon after also for other princes and lords of the area.

scholarly journals Economic and political aspects of foreign trade in the scientific legacy of Ivan Vernadsky

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Koliadych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Scientific Legacy ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
External Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article provides a historical digression on I. Vernadsky's development of foreign trade concepts, and considers its most significant factors, in particular the economic ones (freedom, mutual benefit, measure of needs, strength of economic law) and political ones (geopolitical influence, consolidation). The purpose of the article is to reveal the significance and relevance of I. Vernadsky’s views on the economic and political aspects of foreign trade and assess the scientist's contribution to the development of conceptual foundations of foreign trade based on historical sources. The theoretical basis of the research is the multi-directional application of the concept of foreign trade and the interpretation of foreign trade policy as a tool for successful economic development. The historical and economic methods of analysis, and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. The author applies the tools of systematic approach for the layout of the studied by I. Vernadsky tools for the government’s activities in the field of customs policy and foreign trade. It is shown that I. Vernadsky was critical of the interpretation of an objective, and equivalent exchange and put forward the idea of the urgency of its participants’ needs, emphasizing the subjective nature of any exchange operations. At the same time, the scientist condemned the violent nature of external relations and exchange. Emphasis is placed on an important place in the study of foreign trade issues by I. Vernadsky – the influence of both economic and non-economic factors, in particular the nation’s level of education the and its connection with the level of trade. Also, in the article are highlighted the attitude of I. Vernadsky to the relationship of peoples, which is determined by the ratio of the size of their foreign trade. In return, asymmetry in trade can trigger the operation of the law of counteraction, which demonstrates the scientist's position on trade wars and their inevitability in the event of violence, expansion and robbery. It is emphasized that I. Vernadsky’s liberalism and policy of free trade in the issue of foreign trade should be implemented in conditions of low taxes and tariff duties. High duties not only minimize the mutual benefit of the parties in foreign trade, but also, according to the scientist, set up producers of individual countries against each other. This leads to a foreign policy confrontation between the two countries and international tensions. I. Vernadsky’s research of foreign trade issues in the XIX century is also relevant for the beginning of the XXI century, in particular, the idea of the importance of preventing neo-protectionism, trade conflicts and wars.

scholarly journals “The Object ‘Pavilion’”: The re-exposure in the bunker in Smolny in honor of the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Alisa A. Amosova ◽  
◽  
Tat’iana M. Konysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Underground Structure ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the analysis of the updated museum exposition entitled “The Object ‘Pavilion’”, implemented in a bomb shelter under the building of the St. Petersburg administration for the anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, by May 9, 2020. The authors study history of The Smolny Museum, as well as its current expositions and memorial spaces available for visitors within the walls of the government building: the exposition “From the history of women’s education in Russia. Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens” and “December, 1. Shot in Smolny”; V. I. Lenin’s study and the room in which he lived with his wife, N. K. Krupskaya; The white-column assembly hall, where in the fall of 1917 the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers ‘and Soldiers’ Deputies was held. The period of the war and the siege of Leningrad (1941–1944) occupies an important place in the museum’s theme. One of the most attractive memorial spaces of the museum is the underground bunker located under the territory of the Smolny garden, museumified in 2019. The article describes the technical parameters of the underground structure and considers its history, studies and compares two versions of the bomb shelter exposition (“Bunker A. A. Zhdanov”, 2019 and “The Object ‘Pavilion’”, 2020). The updated exposition is distinguished by a significant expansion of the exposition space, an emphasis on demonstrating the previously hidden functional premises of the bunker (dining room, disinfection room, rest room, etc.), a more detailed display of the historical events of the blockade related to the management of the city and the front, the introduction of multimedia technologies. The article is based on the historical sources of the museum origin.

scholarly journals Editorial Foreword

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Silviu-Marian Miloiu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medieval Chronicles ◽  
Classical Image ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Editorial Foreword

After several decades wherein the Viking studies seemed to allow little ground for new discoveries the past decades have shown the tremendous research potential they still offer to scholars. Gradually, the classical image of Viking warlords which permeated the historical writing starting already with – and often based on – the medieval chronicles has been nuanced and other hypostases of the Norseman have been discussed: the Viking as a trader, explorer, state crafter, etc. New study programmes of Viking studies have been established at universities in Scandinavia, but also in Britain, United States and Western Europe. Fresh historical sources have been discovered and old sources have been reinterpreted. In correlation with ethnographical studies, recent archaeological excavations and new insights into mythology, they greatly expanded our knowledge of the Viking Age and its continental and global role.

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