scholarly journals The Ambiguous Legacy of Ngô Đình Diệm in South Vietnam’s Second Republic (1967–1975)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Fear
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
English Language ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Social Fragmentation ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Ngo Dinh Diem

Although recent English-language Vietnam War scholarship has devoted considerable attention to reassessing the Ngô Đình Diệm era, contemporaneous South Vietnamese interpretations of the president’s tenure have been largely overlooked. Contrary to prevailing assumptions that his influence ended abruptly with his 1963 murder, Ngô Đình Diệm was a hotly debated figure long after his death. Moreover, his contested legacy came to symbolize South Vietnam’s enduring political, regional and religious schisms, contributing to and reinforcing his country’s profound social fragmentation. The fluid and ambiguous memory that Vietnamese had of his time in office had a substantial impact on subsequent political developments, establishing patterned dynamics of political conflict that endured throughout the Second Republic and providing conceptual yardsticks against which subsequent politicians and political developments were measured. Ngô Đình Diệm’s fraught symbolic resonance and significant posthumous political impact are therefore crucial dimensions to consider in evaluating his legacy.

Political, Military, and Cultural Memoirs in Vietnamese

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
First Republic ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ngo Dinh Diem

This chapter discusses how historians view the values and limitations of personal memoirs. It also reviews some of the most important memoirs written in the Vietnamese language by former government and civil society leaders of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN). These memoirs have been published in the United States for many years, but scholars have hardly used them. This chapter's review helps not only to provide a broader context for the testimonies in this volume but also to draw out the major themes in those memoirs that parallel the discussion on the challenges facing nation-building efforts in the republic. These themes include communist violence that explains the harsh anticommunist policies in the early years of Ngô Đình Diệm, contested views of the First Republic, and a generally more positive assessment of the Second Republic. The bourgeois values embraced by the RVN, the chapter points out, drew support from many Vietnamese at the time and are a source of nostalgia for many in Vietnam today.

“Mourning a Loss: Conservative Support for Ngo Dinh Diem”

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-284
Author(s):  
Seth Offenbach
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
The Vietnam War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ngo Dinh Diem ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. conservative movement in the mid-20th Century argued that the United States needed to continuously get tougher in the fight against communism worldwide. It remained supportive of U.S. efforts throughout the Vietnam War. However, in the period immediately preceding Americanization of the war in 1965, conservatives were uncertain about the outcome of any fighting in Vietnam. Specifically, they claimed that optimism for the Republic of Vietnam was lost with the assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem in 1963. Without Diem, conservatives claimed, the Vietnam War was likely lost before it began. This article discusses how Diem went from a barely talked-about anti-Communist ally prior to his death to becoming posthumously the last great hope for Southeast Asia. Conservatives argued that without Diem, the only way the United States would be able to stop Communist expansion in Indochina would be to engage in a massive aerial bombing campaign and find a regional partner to deploy troops. Had he survived, this might not have been necessary. Learning why and how conservatives supported Diem after his death helps us better understand how conservatives reacted to the Vietnam War once Americanization began in 1965.

Writers of the Republic of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Nhã Ca
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Southern Writers ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
First Republic ◽  
The Vietnam War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Indochina War

This chapter is about literary and artistic achievements under the Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975. It first discusses the persecution of writers, scholars, and journalists during the Vietnam War. The chapter then turns to the generations of writers moved by the socio-political climate in South Vietnam after the end of the First Indochina War. From 1955 to 1960, during the first five years of the First Republic when the whole South still enjoyed peace and stability, Southern writers embarked on an auspicious journey. However, as the chapter shows, their most spectacular achievements appeared only during the troubled Second Republic period.

scholarly journals Humanistic and Economic Burden of Depression and Anxiety among Adults with Migraine: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monira Alwhaibi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
English Language ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Lower Hrqol ◽  
Humanistic Burden

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent disabling chronic conditions among adults with migraine. These comorbid conditions are becoming a well-recognized public health problem in many countries due to their humanistic and economic burden.Objectives This review was conducted to assess systematically the humanistic and financial burden of migraine and depression and/or anxiety disorder among adults with migraine.Methods A systematic literature search conducted using MedLine and CINAHL via EBSCO, OVID and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via OVID. Studies evaluating the humanistic burden (disability and Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL)) and the economic burden and healthcare utilization of comorbid depression and anxiety among adults with migraine that were published in peer-reviewed English language journals from inception until August 2019 were included.Results Of the 957 articles identified, 24 studies were included in the review. HRQoL was measured using generic, and migraine-specific measures. Regarding the humanistic burden, twelve studies reported an association between depression and/or anxiety and lower HRQoL and seven studies reported an association between depression and/or anxiety and higher disability. Regarding the economic burden, only two studies were identified and both found that depression and/or anxiety are associated with higher healthcare expenditures and utilization among adults with migraine.Conclusions These results of this review highlight the substantial impact of depression and/or anxiety on HRQoL, disability, healthcare cost and utilization of medical services for adults with migraine. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the negative impact of these illnesses and identify and treat anxiety and depression as treatment may have a potential to improve the health outcomes of patients living with migraine.

scholarly journals Some Remarks on the National Policy of the Second Republic Government related to the Issue of Ethnic Minorities of the Central Highlands (1964 – 1975)

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Tiep Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Harmonious Society ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Ngo Dinh Diem ◽  
Moving Path

Learning the failure lesson of the national policy of Ngo Dinh Diem government, with the ambition to control the Central Highlands and block the moving path of revolutionary forces into the coastal regions of the Center and the South, the Second Republic government was seriously concerned about building up and perfecting the national policy, finding out the more practical way to apply it. From the policy “People, Harmony and Mutual Progress in National Unity” to the policy “People’s Benefit, Harmonious Society, People’s Mutual Advance”, the Second Republic government achieved certain successes, particularly in enticing Fulro’s cooperation. However, due to the low process of making policies which was even awkward and sometimes improvising, the implementation of the policies encountered several difficulties in reality when the war broke out in fierce fighting in the Central Highlands under the limitation of human resources. Thus, those policies did not meet the desire and need of the ethnic minorities of the Central Highlands. Consequently, after the Liberation in 1975, the revolutionary government had to deal with this problem.

scholarly journals The second Republic of Rwanda: Evolution, Balance and Perspectives

Afrika Focus ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Reyntjens
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Political ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Government ◽  
The Military

This paper provides a short survey and assessment of the political evolution of Rwanda since the inception of the Second Republic in 1973. After a period of de facto rule the country returned to constitutional government in 1978. A single party, the Revolutionary National Movement for the Development, had already been created by the military in 1975. The paper examines the constitution, the organisation of elections, political conflict and the respect for human rights and the rule of law. While the regime has achieved considerable successes, the paper argues that its level of institutionalisation remains limited and that its stability and achievements are essentially due to the personality of President Habyarimana. KEYWORDS : civilianisation, constitutional law, political change, Rwanda 

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