scholarly journals PRECARIOUS, MORE PRECARIOUS, MOST PRECARIOUS? THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF WASTE PICKERS IN THE KAROO

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinie Schenck ◽  
Kotie Viljoen ◽  
Derick Blaauw
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sen’S Capability Approach ◽  
Waste Pickers

Towns in the Karoo region currently offer few income‑generating opportunities, resulting in people seeking informal waste‑picking opportunities on the streets and landfills. This article aims to investigate the level of precariousness of waste pickers in the context of the Karoo towns in comparison with the rest of South Africa using Sen’s capability approach. A cross‑sectional research design was used, interviewing 75 informal landfill waste pickers and 23 street waste pickers in nine Karoo towns. The results indicated that, in some respects, the situation of the Karoo waste pickers is more precarious than those in other areas of South Africa

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Patients at Witbank TB Hospital, South Africa: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejoice Tlangelani Mashaba ◽  
Fezile Khumalo ◽  
Andy Beke
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Background: The quality of life (QoL) of tuberculosis (TB) patients may predict treatment outcomes. Little is known about the QoL of patients with TB and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-morbidity, especially in South African settings. We investigate the QoL of TB patients with and without HIV at the Witbank TB Hospital in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: In a cross-sectional analytical study, 124 patients with confirmed TB, with or without HIV co-infection, were recruited from September 2018 to October 2018. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with participants, helping them to complete a standardized short form-12 (SF-12) QoL questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS and SAS software. Differences between groups were quantified using t-test. Logistic regression analysis identified explanatory variables predicting mental (MCS) health and physical (PCS) health. Results: For all sub-scales of the SF-12 instrument, Cronbach’s alpha > 0.8 demonstrating high internal consistency. Patients with TB/HIV co-morbidity had lower scores in all dimensions (p<0.05), indicating poor QoL compared to TB patients without HIV. In multivariate analysis, the family size was predictive of physical health QoL. TB patients who were staying in a household with more than four family members were 2.12 times more likely to have better QoL compared to TB patients living in households with fewer than four family members, OR= 2.33 (95% CI: 1.12 to 4.98); p<0.05). Conclusions: Patients who are co-infected with TB and HIV, in this setting, have poorer QoL than patients who are only infected with TB. Our results support the development of strategies to improve QoL that consider the physical and mental wellbeing of TB/HIV co-infected patients.

scholarly journals Social and health determinants of gender differences in disability amongst older adults in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya ◽  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Shandir Ramlagan ◽  
Witness Chirinda ◽  
Zamakayise Kose
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Africans

There has been an unprecedented increase in population ageing resulting in the increase in prevalence of various health conditions, including disability and associated risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of functional status and disability amongst older South Africans. Little is known about disability amongst older South Africans because most previous health research has focused on younger individuals and infectious diseases. We conducted a national population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 3840 subjects aged 50 years or older in South Africa. Multivariable regression analysis was performed in order to assess the association of social factors, health variables and functional disability. Overall, 37.2% of the respondents had moderate or severe and/or very severe functional disability, this being higher amongst women. The highest disability was found for the mobility, cognition and participation domains. In all domains, except for the self-care domain, women had a higher disability prevalence. Multivariable analysis amongst men revealed that older age, having some or primary education, being from Indian or Asian race, having chronic conditions, physical inactivity and a lower quality of life were associated with functional disability. Amongst women, older age, as well as having chronic conditions and a lower quality of life, were associated with functional disability. This study has implications for health-sector strategic plans aimed at preventing disabilities, ensuring access to curative and rehabilitative care. This study forms an evidence base upon which future policies and health care management systems can be based.Daar was ’n ongekende toename in bevolkingsveroudering, wat ’n toename in die voorkoms van verskeie gesondheidstoestande tot gevolg gehad het, insluitende gestremdheid en gepaardgaande faktore. Die studie was daarop gemik om die voorkoms en voorspelbaarheid van die funksionele status en gestremdheid onder ouer Suid-Afrikaners te ondersoek. Daar is min bekennis oor gestremdheid onder ouer Suid-Afrikaners omdat vorige gesondheidsnavorsing meestal op jonger individue en oordraagbare siektes ingestel was. Ons het ’n nasionale bevokings-gebaseerde kruis-seksionele ondersoek uitgevoer op ’n studiemonster van 3840 Suid-Afrikaners, 50-jaar en ouer. Om die verband tussen sosiale faktore, gesondheidsveranderlikes en funksionele gestremdheid te bepaal, is veelvuldig veranderlike regressie-analise uitgevoer. In die algemeen het 37.2% van die respondente matig of ernstige funksionele gestremdheid ervaar wat hoer was onder vroue. Die hoogste vorm van gestremdheid was op die gebiede van beweeglikehid, waarneming en deelname. Die voorkoms van gestremdheid was op alle gebiede hoër in vroue, behalwe op die gebied van selfsorg. Multi-veranderlike ontledings onder mans het getoon dat funksionele gestremdheid geassosieer word met ouderdom, met ’n mate van primêre onderwys, met die Indiese of Asiatiese bevolkingsgroep, en met diegene wat ly aan kroniese toestande (beroerte, slaapprobleme snags), fisiese onaktiwiteit en ’n laer lewenskwaliteit. Die studie het implikasies vir strategiese planne in die gesondheidsektor wat daarop gemik is om gestremdheid te voorkom en om toegang tot genesende en rehabiliterende sorg te verseker. Hierdie studie verskaf ’n grondslag van bewyse waarop beleid- en gesondheidsorg-bestuurstelsels in die toekoms gebaseer kan word.

scholarly journals Self-reported activities of daily living, health and quality of life among older adults in South Africa and Uganda: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽  
N’doh Ashken Sanogo ◽  
Maude Vezina ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background Difficulties in performing the activities of daily living (ADL) are common among middle-aged and older adults. Inability to perform the basic tasks as well as increased healthcare expenditure and dependence on care can have debilitating effects on health and quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL), health and quality of life among community-dwelling, older population in South Africa and Uganda. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on 1495 men and women from South Africa (n = 514) and Uganda (n = 981) which were extracted from the SAGE Well-Being of Older People Study (WOPS 2011–13). Outcome variables were self-reported health and quality of life (QoL). Difficulty in ADL was assessed by self-reported answers on 12 different questions covering various physical and cognitive aspects. The association between self-reported health and quality of life with ADL difficulties was calculated by using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Overall percentage of good health and good quality of life was 40.4% and 20%, respectively. The percentage of respondents who had 1–3, 3–6, > 6 ADL difficulties were 42.4%7, 30.97% and 14.85%, respectively. In South Africa, having > 6 ADL difficulties was associated with lower odds of good health among men [Odds ratio = 0.331, 95%CI = 0.245,0.448] and quality of life among men [Odds ratio = 0.609, 95%CI = 0.424,0.874] and women [Odds ratio = 0.129, 95%CI = 0.0697,0.240]. In Uganda, having > 6 ADL difficulties was associated lower odds of good health [Odds ratio = 0.364, 95%CI = 0.159,0.835] and quality of life [Odds ratio = 0.584, 95%CI = 0.357,0.954]. Conclusion This study concludes that difficulty in ADL has a significant negative association with health and quality of life among community-dwelling older population (> 50 years) in South Africa and Uganda. The sex differences support previous findings on differential health outcomes among men and women, and underline the importance of designing sex-specific health intervention programs.

scholarly journals Common Mental Health Disorders among Informal Waste Pickers in Johannesburg, South Africa 2018—A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matimba Makhubele ◽  
Khuliso Ravhuhali ◽  
Lazarus Kuonza ◽  
Angela Mathee ◽  
Spo Kgalamono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Waste Pickers

Waste-picking is an income-generating opportunity for individuals living in poverty. Waste picking is associated with a range of risk factors for common mental disorders (CMD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with CMD among waste pickers in Johannesburg. A cross-sectional study analyzed secondary data for 365 waste pickers. A validated Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess CMD. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with CMD. The overall prevalence of CMD among waste pickers was 37.3%. The odds of having CMD were 2.5 and 3.2 higher in females and cigarette smokers, respectively (p = 0.019 and p = 0.003). Life enjoyment (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.54, p = 0.02) and a good quality of life (aOR 0.34, p ≤ 0.001) were associated with lower odds of CMD. The high prevalence of CMD among waste pickers was significantly associated with cigarette smoking, being female, not enjoying life, and a poor quality of life. Mental health awareness of CMD will assist with the prevention, early detection, and comprehensive management of CMD among waste pickers.

The Different of Quality of Life Between Patient with Kidney Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis and Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Alfian Fawzi ◽  
Mayta Sari Dwianggimawati
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cross Sectional

Dialysis is a therapy that aims to remove waste and excess fluid from the body. This method replaces the main function of the kidney. Two types of dialysis are known, namely Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis. Patients with chronic kidney failure are faced with these two treatment options. Both types of dialysis therapy have a risk of complications during the treatment period that can affect the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in dialysis methods of patients with chronic kidney failure with CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) and hemodialysis in terms of quality of life as a basis for palliative care. The research design uses a cross-sectional comparative analytical research design. The independent variable is the action of hemodialysis and CAPD. The dependent variable is quality of life. 

scholarly journals Impacts of Tooth Loss on OHRQoL in an Adult Population in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4989
Author(s):  
Faheema Kimmie-Dhansay ◽  
Carla Cruvinel Pontes ◽  
Usuf M. E. Chikte ◽  
Albert Chinhenzva ◽  
Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Tooth loss is an important component of the global burden of oral disease, greatly reducing the quality of life of those affected. Tooth loss can also affect diet and subsequent incidences of lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and metabolic syndromes. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) score using the oral impacts on daily performance (OIDP) index in relation to tooth loss patterns among adults. (2) Methods: From 2014 to 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted on adults living in Bellville South, Cape Town, South Africa. The OHRQoL measure was used to evaluate the impact of tooth loss. (3) Results: A total of 1615 participants were included, and 143 (8.85%) had at least one impact (OIDP > 0). Males were less likely to experience at least one impact compared to the females, OR=0.6, 95% C.I.: 0.385 to 0.942, p = 0.026. Those participants who did not seek dental help due to financial constraints were 6.54 (4.49 to 9.54) times more likely to experience at least one impact, p < 0.001. (4) Conclusions: Tooth loss did not impact the OHRQoL of these subjects. There was no difference in the reported odds for participants experiencing at least one oral impact with the loss of their four anterior teeth, the loss of their posterior occlusal pairs, or the loss of their other teeth.

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life in a PD-First programme in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Davidson ◽  
Waldo Welgemoed ◽  
Erika Jones ◽  
Zibya Barday
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, offers a PD-First policy as a result of haemodialysis (HD) restrictions and resource limitations. This study aimed to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between HD and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, given the lack of autonomy in modality choice and the socio-economic challenges. This single-centre, cross-sectional study was performed between July 2015 and December 2016. Demographic, socio-economic variables and perceptions of safety were collected. HRQOL was assessed using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SFTM) version 1.3. All data were compared between the two dialysis modalities; 77 HD and 33 PD patients were included in the study and there were no significant differences in demographics. Median age was 42.5 years (IQR: 32.4–48.6) and 57.3% were female. HD patients had less pain (P = 0.036), better emotional well-being (P = 0.020) and a better energy/fatigue score (P = 0.015). Both cohorts experienced role-limitations due to physical health with PD being more affected overall (P = 0.05). The only significant symptom in the kidney domain was that PD patients experienced more shortness of breath (P < 0.001). Patients in both groups had very poor socio-economic circumstances, and safety within their communities was a major concern. The patients in our dialysis service have very challenging social circumstances. Those on PD scored worse in four HRQOL domains, possibly due to a lack of autonomy in dialysis modality choice and less frequent contact with dialysis staff. Additional psychological and social support needs to be instituted to help improve our patients’ well-being on PD.

scholarly journals Humanizing development: taking stock of Amartya Sen’s capability approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (203) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Garcés Velástegui
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
A Current ◽  
Sen’S Capability Approach

Amartya Sen’s capability approach redefined development in terms of people and their quality of life. Since development suggests the idea of positive change, it highlights what is worth changing, the desirable outcome and the desirable way to achieve it. This influential framework has succeeded in engaging different disciplines in constructive debate. There is a growing, and dispersed, literature adding and critiquing it. Hence, providing a current conceptual account of the approach, on its own terms, to assess its contribution to the project it undertakes, address its alleged shortcomings, and point to avenues to further the debate seems warranted. This is particularly timely given its 30 years of influence over public policy, as evidenced by the United Nations’ Human Development Reports

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