scholarly journals DNA vaccines and recombinant allergens with reduced allergenic activity treat allergies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislava Yu. Petrova ◽  
Svetlana V. Khlgatian ◽  
Elena V. Svirshchevskaya ◽  
Anna V. Vasilyeva ◽  
Valentina M. Berzhets
Keyword(s):  
Dna Vaccines ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
B Cell Epitope ◽  
Allergenic Activity ◽  
Ige Mediated

This review is intended to familiarize readers with major novel directions of developing allergy vaccines, their structure, as well as the mechanisms of forming a new immunological response in the course of the treating immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases. Currently, science offers a huge variety of new experimental forms of recombinant allergens with reduced allergenic activity and increased immunogenicity, or vice-versa, immune tolerance. Often, the mechanisms of their effect on the immune system are not fully understood. Scientific publications, including reviews covering this topic, allowed us identifying top priority areas in the development of allergy vaccines: recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives, T cell epitope-based allergy vaccines, and B cell epitope-based allergy vaccines. In addition, the review discusses use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines. Immunotherapy with DNA vaccines is the newest and least studied method of treating allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Immunologic Pathophysiology and Airway Remodeling Mechanism in Severe Asthma: Focused on IgE-Mediated Pathways

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Shih-Lung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
Humanized Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Severe Allergic Asthma ◽  
Ige Mediated

Despite the expansion of the understanding in asthma pathophysiology and the continual advances in disease management, a small subgroup of patients remains partially controlled or refractory to standard treatments. Upon the identification of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and other inflammatory mediators, investigations and developments of targeted agents have thrived. Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the circulating IgE, which in turn impedes and reduces subsequent releases of the proinflammatory mediators. In the past decade, omalizumab has been proven to be efficacious and well-tolerated in the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma in both trials and real-life studies, most notably in reducing exacerbation rates and corticosteroid use. While growing evidence has demonstrated that omalizumab may be potentially beneficial in treating other allergic diseases, its indication remains confined to treating severe allergic asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Future efforts may be bestowed on determining the optimal length of omalizumab treatment, seeking biomarkers that could better predict treatment response and as well as extending its indications.

scholarly journals Atypical Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in children: Is IgE sensitization an issue longitudinally?

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Athina Papadopoulou ◽  
Theano Lagousi ◽  
Elpiniki Hatzopoulou ◽  
Paraskevi Korovessi ◽  
Stavroula Kostaridou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Trigger Mechanisms

Background: Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is a clinically well-characterised, non-Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy syndrome, yet its rare atypical presen-tation remains poorly understood.Objective: Aim of this study was to present the 10-year experience of a referral centre high-lighting the atypical FPIES cases and their long-term outcome.Methods: FPIES cases were prospectively evaluated longitudinally in respect of food outgrowth and developing other allergic diseases with or without concomitant IgE sensitisation.Results: One hundred subjects out of a total of 14,188 referrals (0.7%) were identified. At pre-sentation, 15 patients were found sensitised to the offending food. Fish was the most frequent eliciting food, followed by cow’s milk and egg. Tolerance acquisition was earlier for cow’s milk, followed by egg and fish, while found not to be protracted in atypical cases. Resolution was not achieved in half of the fish subjects during the 10-year follow-up time. Sensitisation to food was not related to infantile eczema or culprit food, but was related to sensitisation to aeroallergens. In the long-term evaluation, persistence of the FPIES or aeroallergen sensitisation was significantly associated with an increased hazard risk of developing early asthma symptoms. Conclusion: Sensitisation to food was related neither to eczema or culprit food nor to tolerance acquisition but rather to the development of allergic asthma through aeroallergen sen-sitisation. In addition to an IgE profile at an early age, FPIES persistence may also trigger mechanisms switching FPIES cases to a T-helper 2 cells immune response later in life, predis-posing to atopic respiratory symptoms; albeit further research is required.

scholarly journals Prediction of Epitope Peptides for PTK Gene of Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
pp. 484-492
Author(s):  
M. I. Sheefaa ◽  
A. S. Smiline Girija ◽  
P. Sankar Ganesh ◽  
J. Vijayashree Priyadharshini
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
B Cell Epitope ◽  
Epitope Structure

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gramnegative bacilli acquiring both intrinsic and adaptive patterns of multi drug resistance and virulence. Immune-informatics approach holds promise to detect putative epitope peptides from vital virulence factors which can be further synthesized and evaluated for their immunological response. Aim: The aim of the study was to predict the immuno-dominant peptides from the ptk gene of A. baumannii. Materials and Methods: Protein retrieval of the Ptk gene using CELLO V.2.5 was done with the evaluation of antigenicity and allergenicity of the predicted epitopes, using Vaxijen V2.0 server and AlgPred servers. Epitope structure prediction and validation by using RAMPAGE revealed the homology peptides. Molecular Docking of epitopes with HLA-alleles using ClusterPro server, and further identification of B cell epitope was performed by using Kolaskar and Tonganokar antigenicity method. Results: A total of 20 epitopes were predicted and 18 peptides were chosen based on antigenicity and stability analysis prediction. The structure predictions were carried out using pepfold server and based on Ramachandran plot analysis 10 epitopes were taken for further analysis. Conclusion: The present finding has detected and evaluated the desirable epitope as LFFSLIAQW using an immune-informatic approach. However, it needs further experimental validation for its immunological response using standard in-vitro studies.

A new score to predict allergic march in patients with IgE‐mediated cow milk allergy

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gil ◽  
Mikel Mendizabal ◽  
Ana Amezqueta ◽  
Elena Aznal ◽  
Teodoro Durá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Milk Allergy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cow Milk Allergy ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Allergic March

Background: Cow milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in infants. Some patients will express, in the future, other allergic diseases (allergic march). Objective: To evaluate if a new scoring system could determine the risk of developing allergic march. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study of subjects who were immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated was conducted. We defined a risk score for atopy (RSA), including clinical and laboratory variables. Three risk groups were defined according to the RSA. We defined as dependent variables atopy (one or more allergic diseases) and atopy+ (two or more allergic diseases). A multivariate logistic regression model was created, which included RSA and the type of formula (high-grade extended hydrolyzed formula [EHF] with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), high-grade EHF without LGG, and other formulas). Results: A total of 211 patients were recruited. When we analyzed the risk of atopy+, we found an increased risk for RSA intermediate-risk (odds ratio [OR 2.08] [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.95‐4.56) and high-risk (OR 24.74 [95% CI, 6.26‐97.73]) groups, and a decreased risk for the subjects fed with high-grade EHF (OR 0.42 [95% CI, 0.20‐0.87]) and also in those subjects fed with high-grade EHF plus LGG (OR 0.30 [95% CI, 0.09‐0.98]). Conclusion: RSA is a simple and useful tool to predict the risk of developing other allergic diseases in patients with IgE-mediated CMA.

scholarly journals Allergic diseases at an early age

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Ksenya S. Melnikova ◽  
Elena D. Kuwshinowa ◽  
Vera A. Reviakina
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Gastrointestinal Manifestations ◽  
Insect Allergy ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Allergic Contact ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the incidence of allergic diseases (ADs), mainly in countries with a high level of development. Particularly noted is the increase in the prevalence of AZs in young children, among which cutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy are the most common. These include atopic dermatitis (ATD), urticaria, gastrointestinal manifestations associated in most cases with food allergy, as well as contact allergic dermatitis, and insect allergy. The leading mechanism of development is immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions. There are three main factors that predispose to AZ: genetic, direct contact with an allergen, and external environmental factors. The article deals with the causes, manifestations, therapy and diagnosis of a number of allergic diseases: urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, insect allergy and some methods of therapy.

scholarly journals Allergy vaccines for specific immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Petrova ◽  
S. V. Khlgatian ◽  
V. M. Berzhets ◽  
A. V. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergenic Activity ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Allergen Extracts

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) has been used for more than a hundred years to treat patients with IgEmediated allergic diseases. The most common allergens have been obtained using molecular cloning technology in the past two decades. To increase the safety of immunotherapy, a large group of genetically modified allergens with reduced allergenic activity was created. The mechanism of action of these therapeutic allergens differs from natural allergen extracts, and more research is needed to understand how desensitization occurs in each case. The objective of this review is to introduce readers to new therapeutic allergy vaccines and their structural modification features as well as immunological effects on the body. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed and systematized the experimental developments presented in the literature on the main directions of creating new allergy vaccines: hypoallergenic derivatives of recombinant allergens, T cell epitope-based allergy vaccines and B cell epitope-based allergy vaccines, DNA vaccines.Summing up the results of the research presented in the literature, it is necessary to note the high heterogeneity of designs used to achieve the high efficiency of the developed therapeutic allergens. All allergy vaccines presented in the review solve the tasks set by the researchers: in experimental animal models they induce immunogenicity or tolerance, in clinical trials they reduce the symptoms of allergic reactions. The the effectiveness of the proposed medicinal products is quite high but its evaluation requires further long-term preclinical and clinical trials to confirm the safety and harmlessness of the created allergy vaccines.

scholarly journals Measurement of IgE hypersensitivity among people attending the tertiary allergic center in Kirkuk, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Afan Ahmed ◽  
Faraidon Fathala ◽  
Diyar Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Males And Females

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is ordered as the least abundant, but in many regards, the most potent, of the enormous antibody classes found in the mammals. IgE mediates the reactions of type 1 hypersensitivity allergic. Generally, IgE plasma levels are very low with 100,000-fold than those of Immunoglobulin G. However, these levels could be obviously increased in specific conditions of allergy, such as bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, or in case of parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis. Additionally, plasma cells of IgE exist in mucosal areas. In particular, it exists in the respiratory tract, where the secreted IgE mediates reactions of allergic. In this work, the questionnaire was distributed to the study sample, which consisted of both males and females for detecting the numbers of cases of allergy types found at the tertiary allergic center in Kirkuk. The cases were diagnosed by blood tests to determine the amount of IgE in their blood samples. The total number of patients was 40; hence, there were 20 female patients and 20 males. These patients had different types of IgE mediated allergy disease. Most of these types were found in the adult. The results showed that both males and females were equal (each gender scored 20, representing 50% of the total sample). Most of the serum IgE test was negative. Finaly this study demonstrated the low frequency of allergic diseases in children and young people; however, this was high in old people whose ages ranged between 36 and 50 years. Most of the cases were allergic bronchitis and skin allergy.

scholarly journals Identification and Physicochemical Characterization of a New Allergen from Ascaris lumbricoides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9761
Author(s):  
Velky Ahumada ◽  
María Manotas ◽  
Josefina Zakzuk ◽  
Lorenz Aglas ◽  
Sandra Coronado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Allergenic Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Helical Folding

To analyze the impact of Ascaris lumbricoides infection on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of allergic diseases, new allergens should be identified. We report the identification of a new Ascaris lumbricoides allergen, Asc l 5. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and immunological features of the Asc l 5 allergen. We constructed an A. lumbricoides cDNA library and Asc l 5 was identified by immunoscreening. After purification, rAsc l 5 was physicochemically characterized. Evaluation of its allergenic activity included determination of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding frequency (in two populations: 254 children and 298 all-age subjects), CD203c based-basophil activation tests (BAT) and a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mouse model. We found by amino acid sequence analysis that Asc l 5 belongs to the SXP/RAL-2 protein family of nematodes. rAsc l 5 is a monomeric protein with an alpha-helical folding. IgE sensitization to rAsc l 5 was around 52% in general population; positive BAT rate was 60%. rAsc l 5 induced specific IgE production in mice and a positive PCA reaction. These results show that Asc l 5 has structural and immunological characteristics to be considered as a new allergen from A. lumbricoides.

scholarly journals The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishelle D’souza ◽  
Milena Weber ◽  
Eszter Sarzsinszky ◽  
Susanne Vrtala ◽  
Mirela Curin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Allergen Sources ◽  
Ige Mediated

Approximately 30% of the world population suffers from immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated allergy. IgE-mediated allergy affects the respiratory tract, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract and may lead to life-threatening acute systemic manifestations such as anaphylactic shock. The symptoms of allergy are mediated by IgE-recognition of causative allergen molecules from different allergen sources. Today, molecular allergy diagnosis allows determining the disease-causing allergens to develop allergen-specific concepts for prevention and treatment of allergy. Allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies include allergen avoidance, vaccination, and tolerance induction. The implementation of these preventive and therapeutic strategies requires a detailed knowledge of the relevant allergen molecules affecting a given population. China is the world´s most populous country with around 1.4 billion inhabitants and an estimated number of more than 400 million allergic patients. Research in allergy in China has dramatically increased in the last decade. We summarize in this review article what is known about the dominating allergen sources and allergen molecules in China and what further investigations could be performed to draw a molecular map of IgE sensitization for China as a basis for the implementation of systematic and rational allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat allergic diseases in this country.

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