scholarly journals Use of Palm Oil Clinker in Concrete Research: A Review

CONSTRUCTION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
NUR FARAH AZIERA JAMALUDIN ◽  
Khairunisa Muthusamy ◽  
Mohd Faizal Md. Jaafar ◽  
Fadzil Mat Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Concrete Research ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Good Workability

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a stone like by-product which is formed in the palm oil mill incinerator after extracted palm oil fibres and shells are  burt to generate electricity for mill operation. The electricity is continuously generated. Then, the burnt fibres and shells are thrown at dumping areas as waste. This practice consumes a larger area at the landfills, causing environmental pollution. A review on the physical and chemical properties of POC was presented. The effect of using POC as lightweight aggregates and partial cement replacement on the mechanical properties of concrete produced was reviewed. The integration of suitable amount of POC as cement replacement and lightweight aggregates provided good workability and enhanced the concrete strength. Conclusively, this article has presented information regarding the development in POC concrete research, including the research gaps that remain to be filled.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ETHOXYLATED GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE AS PALM OIL BASED NONIONIC SURFACTANTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indri Badria Adilina ◽  
Egi Agustian ◽  
Yenny Meliana ◽  
Anny Sulaswatty
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Glycerol Monooleate

Palm oil based nonionic surfactants were synthesized by reacting glycerol monooleate with ethylene oxide at 80 ºC in the prescence of an alkaline catalyst. Purification of the products was conducted by use of acetic acid and black carbon which gave ethoxylated products (EGMO) with a higher level of viscocity and greater solubility in water. Physical and chemical properties of the product such as surface activity, cloud point, acid value, ester value, hydroxyl value, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was also determined and results varied depending on the reagent molar ratio. The synthesized EGMO were soluble in water and therefore show potential use as surface active agents in personal care and cosmetic products.Keywords:   nonionic surfactant, ethoxylation, glycerol monooleate, palm oil

scholarly journals The Effect of Palm Oil-Based Hybrid Oils as Green Multifunctional Oils on the Properties of Elastomer Composites

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Song
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Abrasion ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Heat Build Up ◽  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Hybrid oils in an elastomer matrix provide superior physical and chemical properties over conventional elastomer composites. In this study, we investigated the possibility of utilizing palm-based hybrid oil as a processing oil, with various other added oils such as methylester, palm monoglyceride and dammar, and their effects on the curing characteristics, mechanical, abrasion resistance and heat build-up properties of elastomer composites. The elastomer composites with the hybrid oils exhibit remarkable improvements in mechanical properties such as modulus, tensile strength, elongation and toughness, which were ascribed to the enhanced dispersion of the fillers in the elastomer matrix. Also, the hybrid oils in the elastomer matrix showed outstanding heat build-up, abrasion and rebound resilience properties at low loadings. The synergistic effects in the elastomer matrix achieved by the hybridization of palm oil and other oils represent a significant contribution to advanced, stronger elastomer composites in various applications.

scholarly journals NOVEL PALM OIL BASED POLYOLS WITH AMINE FUNCTIONALITY SYNTHESIS VIA RING OPENING REACTION OF EPOXIDIZED PALM OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Soloi ◽  
Rohah Abdul Majid ◽  
Abdul Razak Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxirane Ring ◽  
Epoxidized Palm Oil ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
Twin Band ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In polymer chemistry, polyol usually used as starting materials for polyurethane (PU) production in which upon reacted with isocyanate will affect the physical and chemical properties of the obtained PU. Polyols that are mostly derived from petrochemical resources are facing issues such as depletion of petroleum sources as well as the increasing in market price. Ring opening reaction (ROR) of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) had been carried out using isopropanolamine (IPA) to impart polyol with amine functionality. The effect of reaction time on the opening of oxirane ring was investigated. FTIR spectra showed that the oxirane ring opening of EPO can occur at 6 hours reaction time, corresponding to the deacreasing intensity of  oxirane COO twin band at 824-830 cm-1. The OH value of the amine- functionalized-polyol was calculated at around 240-253 mg KOH/g. By prolonging the reaction time the OH value has slightly reduced. Mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that the polyol has a molecular weight in the range of oligo-polyols (400 – 500 Da).

Concrete Dust Influence on Cement Stone Properties

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Donatas GRIGONIS ◽  
Ernestas IVANAUSKAS ◽  
Žymantas RUDŽIONIS
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Exothermic Effect ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Standard Tests ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The results of experimental investigation of reusing concrete dust (CD), from old concrete construction demolition as cement replacement are presented in the article. Tests were conducted on cement mass by replacing 0 % - 30 % of cement with CD mass. The physical and chemical properties of CD were stock reviewed to assess the possible influence on both fresh and hardened properties of cement. The results of qualitative properties evaluated by standard tests on different mixtures of Portland cement and CD proved to be promising. The comprehensive series of tests included rheology, compressive strength, absorbability, density, exothermic effect and rentgenographic. According to our findings CD can be used as cement replacement without strongly influencing the cement stone properties; CD can also become an alternative to  ecological concrete.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.492

scholarly journals Applying Chemometrics to Evaluate Mine Tailings’ Potential As Partial Cement Replacement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mette T. Simonsen ◽  
Kristine B. Pedersen ◽  
Pernille E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Mine Tailings ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Mine Tailing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study investigates the utilization of mine tailings, the by-product originating from metal- and mineral-based ore mining, as a new cement replacement material. This paper is based on the chemical and physical characteristics of 13 mine tailing samples. In this study, Chemometrics were applied to consider all parameters simultaneously and obtain a thorough screening of potential relations in the large data set. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) groups samples according to (dis)similar features and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) visualizes predominating variables and relations to samples. The application of HCA highlighted a clear grouping between mine tailings according to characteristics. Meanwhile, PCA identified the predominant chemical and physical characteristics in the mine tailing samples. Chemometrics therefore provided a thorough overview of mine tailings’ physical and chemical characteristics. Keywords: mine tailings, chemometrics, cement replacement

scholarly journals Novelty Designed Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites from Functional Palm Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryani Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inorganic Nanocomposites ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polyurethanes (PUs) are very versatile polymeric materials with a wide range of physical and chemical properties. PUs also have desirable properties such as high abrasion resistance, tear strength, shock absorption, flexibility and elasticity. Although they have poor thermal stability that however can be improved by using treated clay. The objective of the present work is to study the thermal stability of polyurethane, polyurethane/montmorillonite (PU CTAB-mont 3% wt) and polyurethane/montmorillonite that contain moca nanocomposites are based on palm oil polyol. The interest of investigating the synthesis of polyurethane/clay nanocomposites based on palm oil polyol is to explore the use of palm oil polyol to replace petrochemical based polyol partially. Polyurethane/clay nanocomposites were prepared by a pre-polymer method and were evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) to determine micro-domain structures of segmented PU, PU CTAB-mont 3% wt, and PU Moca CTAB-mont 3% wt. The morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (X-RD) and flame retardant was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result showed that adding clay and moca demonstrated better thermal stability in comparison with the virgin polyurethane.Keywords : Nanocomposite, polyurethane, synthesis, palm oil polyol

Effects of sulphate salts on concrete with untreated coal fly ash (CFA) as partial cement replacement

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Kumaran Coopamootoo ◽  
Reshma Rughooputh
Keyword(s):  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Type I ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Coal Composition ◽  
Chloride Environment

Purpose – The cementitious/chemical properties of the untreated CFA are dependent on the coal composition and previous burning conditions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether untreated CFA can efficiently reduce cement replacement and does not require further combustion treatment to be a viable cement replacement. Design/methodology/approach – Two types of mixes: Type I concrete and PCFA (Type I and 30 per cent untreated CFA) concrete were batched and subjected to compressive strength tests and cyclic exposures of 5 per cent sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and 5 per cent magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), respectively. Findings – PCFA mix was 41.1 and 35.21 per cent lower in strength compared to Type I at 28 and 56 days correspondingly. Continuous-sulphate-exposure resulted in slow but continued strength development for both mixes. However, the strengths of PCFA cubes exposed to cyclic sulphate and sulphate/magnesium salts continued to increase at a lower rate from their corresponding 28-day strength (rate of 18.7 per cent and strength 27.30 MPa in Na2SO4 and rate of 10.0 per cent and strength 25.30 MPa in MgSO4) while Type I specimens subjected to the same exposure conditions experienced drastic reductions in strength (rate of −15.0 per cent and strength 33.21 MPa in Na2SO4 and rate of −23.4 per cent and strength 29.94 MPa in MgSO4). Research limitations/implications – Results justify the need for additional tests essentially: at different percentage replacement of untreated CFA, fineness of materials, chloride environment and longer exposures, to address the cementitious properties of untreated CFA as cement replacement. Originality/value – Treatment methods for fly ashes require undoubtedly additional resources, energy input and cost. This paper paves the way to define whether untreated CFA can be used as cement replacement in concrete.

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