An Experimental Investigation on Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Graphene doped CNTs /TiO2 Nanofluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Zetty Akhtar ◽  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
K. Kadirgama ◽  
M.A. Maleque
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Zeta Potential Analysis

This paper presents the findings of the stability, thermal conductivity and viscosity of CNTs (doped with 10 wt% graphene)- TiO2 hybrid nanofluids under various concentrations. While the usage of cutting fluid in machining operation is necessary for removing the heat generated at the cutting zone, the excessive use of it could lead to environmental and health issue to the operators. Therefore, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) to replace the conventional flooding was introduced. The MQL method minimises the usage of cutting fluid as a step to achieve a cleaner environment and sustainable machining. However, the low thermal conductivity of the base fluid in the MQL system caused the insufficient removal of heat generated in the cutting zone. Addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid was then introduced to enhance the performance of cutting fluids. The ethylene glycol used as the base fluid, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticle mixed to produce nanofluids with concentrations of 0.02 to 0.1 wt.% with an interval of 0.02 wt%. The mixing ratio of TiO2: CNTs was 90:10 and ratio of SDBS (surfactant): CNTs was 10:1. The stability of nanofluid checked using observation method and zeta potential analysis. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of suspension were measured at a temperature range between 30˚C to 70˚C (with increment of 10˚C) to determine the relationship between concentration and temperature on nanofluid’s thermal physical properties. Based on the results obtained, zeta potential value for nanofluid range from -50 to -70 mV indicates a good stability of the suspension. Thermal conductivity of nanofluid increases as an increase of temperature and enhancement ratio is within the range of 1.51 to 4.53 compared to the base fluid. Meanwhile, the viscosity of nanofluid shows decrements with an increase of the temperature remarks significant advantage in pumping power. The developed nanofluid in this study found to be stable with enhanced thermal conductivity and decrease in viscosity, which at once make it possible to be use as nanolubricant in machining operation.

scholarly journals Study the Effect of Gum Arabic and Triton X-100 on Stability and Thermal Conductivity of ZnO/ethylene glycol Nanofluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Noor Sabeeh Majeed ◽  
Hussein A. Alabdly ◽  
Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al Ani ◽  
Dumitru Pascu ◽  
Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Triton X

Stability of nanofluids is one of the most important factors to ensure the most benefit of the properties of nanoparticles. Zinc oxide was used in the research with concentration between (0.2-1) wt. % with ethylene glycol base fluid. The stability of ZnO nanofluid was enhanced by adding two types of surfactants Tx-100 and Gum Arabic with concentration of (0.1-0.5) vol. % to stabilize the ZnO nanoparticles in the base fluid. The results showed that the Gum Arabic surfactant led to more stable fluid than that of Tx-100; this was shown from zeta potential and UV spectroscopy measurements. The thermal conductivity coefficient was also measured, and the results showed that the thermal conductivity increased with adding surfactant than without using a stabilizer.

scholarly journals Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubrication System for Improving Surface Roughness in Turning Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Shazzad Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Zoynal Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Minimum Quantity ◽  
Dimensional Deviation ◽  
Optimum Cutting ◽  
Cutting Zone

Due to increase in temperature at the cutting zone, the tool wear and surface roughness along with the non-uniform chip formation and the dimensional deviation of the job by using the conventional cutting fluid, the machining operation experts have directed their concentrations in order to achieve a smooth machining operation by using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). As a consequence, numerous efforts can be seen for not only having the optimum cutting parameters but also other parameters that enhance the product quality and the surface roughness. In this regard, relevant experimental and numerical data outcomes not only MQL but also conventional cutting fluid (CCF) in the turning operation of 50HRC steel has been investigated experimentally. It is revealed that the surface roughness becomes optimal and significantly reduced for the condition of MQL with that of dry and conventional flood lubrication.

scholarly journals Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Silver Nanofluid Using Electrical Discharge Machining

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsiung Tseng ◽  
Heng-Lin Lee ◽  
Chih-Yu Liao ◽  
Kuan-Chih Chen ◽  
Hong-Shiou Lin
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Nano Fluid ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

The electrical discharge machining (EDM) system has been proven feasible as a rapid and efficient method for silver nanofluid preparation. This study prepared the silver nano-fluid via EDM and investigated the relationship between its process parameters and product characteristics. The prior study had found that the silver nano-fluid prepared by EDM contained both silver nanoparticles and silver ions. Silver ions had revealed the cause of the high suspension of the silver nanoparticles. To examine the relationship between the stability of silver nanofluid and the process parameters, this study quantified the relationship of process parameters to the material removal rate (MRR) of silver electrode and silver ion output rate (IOR) in the fluid, in order to achieve the most effective process parameter condition. Furthermore, the stability of silver nano-fluid was analyzed by various devices, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, size-distribution, and Zeta-potential analyzer. The effects of MRR, IOR, particle size, Zeta-potential, and optical properties of silver nanofluid under different process parameters are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Stability and Thermal Conductivity of Cobalt Nano fluids in Base Liquid Water and Glycerol Mixture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8875-8880 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Maximum Increment ◽  
Co Nanoparticles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties ◽  
Base Liquid

The present work involves in determination of a suitable ratio of glycerol-water (GW) mixture for the preparation of nanofluid. The base liquid with 30% weight of glycerol is selected, based on the thermo-physical properties for dispersion of spherical cobalt (Co) nanoparticles of 80nm size, for a maximum concentration of 2% by weight. The stability investigation of prepared nanofluids is done by measuring Zeta potential and SEM imaging. The prepared cobalt nanofluid thermal conductivity is measured by maintaining 7.5pH as that concerned value has maximum Zeta potential. The maximum increment in thermal conductivity is found to be 38.4% for 2% nanofluid concentration is determined at a temperature of 60oC. The data obtained for the base liquid are in fine concurrence with the published data

scholarly journals Nanofluid properties for forced convection heat transfer :a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Darabi ◽  
Reza Naeimi ◽  
Hamid Mohammadiun ◽  
Saeed Mortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
The Stability

<p>The thermal conductivity of nanofluids depends on various parameters, such as concentration, temperature, particle size, pH, shape, material, and possibly on the manufacturing process of the nanoparticles. Data on the viscosity of nanofluids, available in the literature, are very limited. Theoretical models for the determination of the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids have been pursued. Experiments with nanofluids indicate that they higher heat transfer coefficients than the base fluid. No significant increase in a pressure drop is reported with nanofluids, compared with values with the base fluid. However, the stability of nanofluids with regard to settlement/agglomeration, especially at higher concentrations, is still a problem for practical applications.</p>

scholarly journals Increasing the Efficiency of Milling Stainless Steels by Using a Modified Lubricant-Cooling Fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 01046
Author(s):  
Vladimir Skakun ◽  
Eldar Vaniev
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Continuous Mixing ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Cutting Zone

This paper considers the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the blade processing process by reducing the cutting forces during end milling by using a modified cutting fluid, which is based on a water-miscible cutting fluid. The conditions for the effective use of modified coolant in the processing of stainless steels were determined, as a result of which there is a decrease in cutting forces, and therefore a decrease in vibrations, which contributes to an increase in the quality of manufactured products. A decrease in cutting forces is associated with the presence in the modified cutting fluid of oleic acid containing surfactants, which form a dense lubricating film on the surface of the cutting tool. When mixing oleic acid in a water-miscible cutting fluid, a special soap solution is additionally used, which significantly improves the solubility, however, over time, oleic acid is separated from the total volume and tends to the surface. To ensure the homogeneity of the medium, a special device has been developed that allows continuous mixing of the compositions, due to the presence of impellers with a differently oriented arrangement of blades. To save lubricant, in the process of research, the technology of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) was applied, using the Noga Minicool device, which allows portionwise (dosed) supply of lubricant to the cutting zone.

scholarly journals Stability, Viscosity, and Tribology Properties of Polyol Ester Oil-Based Biolubricant Filled with TEMPO-Oxidized Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dieter Rahmadiawan ◽  
Hairul Abral ◽  
N. Nasruddin ◽  
Zahrul Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sorbitan Monostearate ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Polyol Ester ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Span 60

This research is aimed at studying the stability and tribology properties of the polyol ester oil- (POE-) based biolubricant mixed with various filler loadings from microparticle of TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (NDCt) as an additive and sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) as a surfactant. Morphology, rheology, and tribology tests were conducted. The addition of NDCt and Span 60 to pure POE as a base fluid showed elevated viscosity, lower value of coefficient friction (COF), and a remarkable decrease in the wear rate (WR). The presence of 0.6 wt% NDCt and 1.8 wt% Span 60 in POE (N2S4) decreased the COF value by 79% in comparison to POE. At room temperature, this N2S4 biolubricant sample showed a higher thermal conductivity by 4% and lower WR value by 49% compared to POE. This study introduced the preparation of the ecofriendly biolubricant filled with NDCt improving the tribology properties remarkably.

scholarly journals Effect of MWCNT on surface roughness and burr height in MQL milling of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Alper Uysal ◽  
◽  
Eshreb Dzhemilov ◽  
Ruslan Dzhemalyadinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Burr Height ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Cutting Inserts ◽  
Aisi 430

Stainless steel materials have been used in many fields such as automotive, aviation, medical industries, etc. In addition, these materials are classified as difficult-to-cut materials due to low thermal conductivity and work-hardening tendency. Therefore, studies on machining of these materials have been performed in order to understand the basic of the process. In this study, surface roughness and burr height were investigated in MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) milling of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel. In MQL milling, commercial vegetable cutting fluid and MWCNT (Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube) reinforced vegetable cutting fluid were used. The milling experiments were also conducted under dry condition. In the experiments, uncoated WC (Tungsten Carbide) and TiN (Titanium Nitride) coated WC cutting inserts were used. Based on the experimental results, MQL method reduced the surface roughness and burr heights and better surfaces were obtained by using nanofluids in MQL method.

Environmentally Friendly Machining: Vegetable Based Cutting Fluid

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Neetu Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Chip Formation ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aisi 316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Formation Mode ◽  
Cutting Zone

A wide variety of cutting fluids are commercially available in the market. Although, these cutting fluids are beneficial in the industries, their uses are being questioned nowadays as regards to health and environmental issues. To minimize the adverse environmental effects associated with the use of cutting fluids, the hazardous components from their formulations have to be eliminated or reduced. Today to diminish the negative effects associated with cutting fluids, researchers have developed new bio based cutting fluids from various vegetable oils. MQL machining was performed much superior compared to the dry and wet machining due to substantial reduction in cutting zone temperature enabling favourable chip formation and chip-tool interaction, with enhanced the tool life and surface finish. Furthermore, MQL provides environment friendliness (maintaining neat, clean and dry working area, avoiding inconvenience and health hazards due to heat, smoke, fumes, gases, etc. and preventing pollution of the surroundings) and improves the machinability characteristics. This paper presents the effects of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) by vegetable oil based cutting fluid on the turning performance of AISI 316L stainless steel as compared to completely dry and wet machining in terms of chip-tool interface temperature, chip formation mode, tool wear and surface roughness.

Characterization of Electrokinetic Properties of Nanofluids

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5966-5971 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Sohel Murshed ◽  
Kai Choong Leong ◽  
Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Effects Of Ph

The effects of pH value, surfactant, and electrolyte concentration on zeta potential, particle agglomeration, and thermal conductivity of nanofluids are investigated. The zeta potential of TiO2 (15 nm) nanoparticles in deionized water of different pH values was measured and the iso-electric point was found to be between 4.9 and 5.2. Addition of surfactant in the base fluid increases the zeta potential and thus increases the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The results show that the higher the electrolyte concentration, the smaller the particle zeta potential, which results in increased agglomeration of particles. The enhanced thermal conductivity of TiO2/deionized water-based nanofluids was found to decrease with increasing pH value or electrolyte concentration. At 0.2 volume percentage of TiO2 nanoparticles, the decrease of thermal conductivity of nanofluids was within 2% when the pH value or electrolyte concentration was increased from 3.4 to 9 or 0.01 mM to 10 mM, respectively. The hydrodynamic diameter of agglomerated nanoparticles in base fluid was also measured and found to increase with increasing electrolyte concentration.

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