Hypnosis in Treatment of Alcohol Addiction; Controlled Trial, with Analysis of Factors Affecting Outcome

1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griffith Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals The effects of maternal and infant vitamin A supplementation on vitamin A status: a randomised trial in Kenya

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ayah ◽  
D. L. Mwaniki ◽  
P. Magnussen ◽  
A. E. Tedstone ◽  
T. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vitamin A Status

Postpartum vitamin A supplementation of mothers and infants is recommended, but the efficacy has been questioned. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Kenyan mother–infant pairs were randomised to maternal vitamin A (400 000 IU) or placebo < 24 h postpartum, and infant vitamin A (100 000 IU) or placebo at 14 weeks. Milk retinol was determined at weeks 4, 14 and 26, and maternal and infant serum retinol at weeks 14 and 26. Infant retinol stores were assessed at week 26, using a modified relative dose response (MRDR) test. Among 564 women, serum retinol at 36 weeks gestation was 0·81 (sd 0·21) μmol/l, and 33·3 % were < 0·7 μmol/l. Maternal serum retinol was not different between groups, but milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group: (0·67 v. 0·60 μmol/l; 0·52 v. 0·44 μmol/l; 0·50 v. 0·44 μmol/l at 4, 14 and 26 weeks, respectively). When expressed per gram fat, milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group only at 4 weeks. Infant serum retinol was not different between groups. However, although most infants had deficient vitamin A stores (MRDR>0·06 %) at 26 weeks, vitamin A to infants, but not mothers, resulted in a lower proportion of infants with deficient vitamin A stores (69 v. 78 %). High-dose postpartum vitamin A supplementation failed to increase serum retinol and infant stores, despite modest effects on milk retinol. Infant supplementation, however, increased stores. There is a need for a better understanding of factors affecting absorption and metabolism of vitamin A.

scholarly journals LD-Aminopterin in the Canine Homologue of Human Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Reveals Dosing Factors Affecting Optimal Therapy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e108303 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Zebala ◽  
Alan Mundell ◽  
Linda Messinger ◽  
Craig E. Griffin ◽  
Aaron D. Schuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Optimal Therapy

Metronidazole in the Treatment of Alcohol Addiction A Controlled Trial

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (509) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Gelder ◽  
Griffith Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind

Metronidazole (‘Flagyl’) has recently been said to be of value in treating alcoholism (Taylor, 1964). The drug is, of course, better known for its use against trichomoniasis. Three main claims have been made about it: (a) that it has an effect like disulfiram (Taylor, 1964; Bonfiglio and Donadio, 1966; Lehman, Ban and Nalchayan, 1966); (b) that it cuts short withdrawal symptoms (Lehmanet al., 1966); (c) that it reduces craving and thereby allows return to normal drinking (Lehman,et al., 1966; Elosuo, 1966; Bonfiglio and Donadio, 1966). It is this last claim that is particularly important, since other well-tried preparations are in use for the first two purposes. We report a double-blind controlled trial directed to the possible disulfiram-like effects of the drug, and to its ability to reduce craving.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the effect of piroxicam versus diclofenac on wound healing in clean abdominal wounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrashekar Reddy J. Madinur ◽  
Prashant Tubachi ◽  
Prashant Tubachi ◽  
A. S. Godhi ◽  
A. S. Godhi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual

Background: The primary function of the skin is to serve as a protective barrier against the environment. The process of wound healing constitutes an array of interrelated and concomitant events. Understanding these processes and various factors affecting these processes continue to expand. The present study was undertaken to compare and evaluate the effect of piroxicam versus diclofenac on wound healing in clean abdominal wounds.Methods: The present one year randomized controlled trial was conducted on all the patients undergoing appendicectomies for uncomplicated appendicitis and uncomplicated inguinal hernia repairs in the Department of Surgery, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum during the period of one year. Based on the thumb rule a total of 60 patients divided into two groups of 30 each were studied. Based on the computer-generated randomization patients were allocated to two groups that is group A (Inj. Piroxicam) and Group B (Inj. Diclofenac).Results: In the present study, males outnumbered females with male to female ratio between of 1.72 to 2:1. The mean age in group A was30.9±7.86 years and in group B it was 30.3±7.97 years. Both the groups that is Group A and B were graded under grade I (Good wound healing) from the POD 3 onwards. Overall the individual score and total scores had no influence of the final grading (outcome) of the wound.Conclusions: Overall, better results were seen on wound healing in patients who received Inj piroxicam with significantly less post-operative redness and edema. However, this did not have significant difference in the final outcome of the grading of the wound. 

scholarly journals Assessing the challenges to women’s access and implementation of text messages for nutrition behaviour change in rural Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jessica D Rothstein ◽  
Rolf Klemm ◽  
Debora Niyeha ◽  
Erin Smith ◽  
Stella Nordhagen
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Objective: This process evaluation aimed to understand factors affecting the implementation of a government-sponsored short message service (SMS) programme for delivering nutrition information to rural populations, including message access, acceptability and putting messages into action. Design: The study was nested within a larger randomised controlled trial. Cross-sectional data collection included structured surveys and in-depth interviews. Data were analysed for key trends and themes using Stata and ATLAS.ti software. Setting: The study took place in Tanzania’s Mtwara region. Participants: Surveys were conducted with 205 women and 93 men already enrolled in the randomised controlled trial. A sub-set of 30 women and 14 men participated in the in-depth interviews. Results: Among women relying on a spouse’s phone, sharing arrangements impeded regular SMS access; men were commonly away from home, forgot to share SMS or did not share them in women’s preferred way. Phone-owning women faced challenges related to charging their phones and defective handsets. Once SMS were delivered, most participants viewed them as trustworthy and comprehensible. However, economic conditions limited the feasibility of applying certain recommendations, such as feeding meat to toddlers. A sub-set of participants concurrently enrolled in an interpersonal counselling (IPC) intervention indicated that the SMS provided reminders of lessons learned during the IPC; yet, the SMS did not help participants contextualise information and overcome the challenges of putting that information into practice. Conclusions: The challenges to accessing and implementing SMS services highlighted here suggest that such platforms may work well as one component of a comprehensive nutrition intervention, yet not as an isolated effort.

scholarly journals Evaluating the implementation of the PACE Steps to Success Programme in long-term care facilities in seven countries according to the RE-AIM framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska Oosterveld-Vlug ◽  
◽  
Bregje Onwuteaka-Philipsen ◽  
Maud ten Koppel ◽  
Hein van Hout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Background The PACE ‘Steps to Success’ programme is a complex educational and development intervention for staff to improve palliative care in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). In a cluster randomized controlled trial, this programme has been implemented in 37 LTCFs in 7 European countries. Alongside an effectiveness study, a process evaluation study was conducted. This paper reports on the results of this process evaluation, of which the aim was to provide a more detailed understanding of the implementation of the PACE Programme across and within countries. Methods The process evaluation followed the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and involved various measures and tools, including diaries for country trainers, evaluation questionnaires for care staff, attendance lists and interviews (online and face-to-face, individual and in groups) with country trainers, managers, PACE coordinators and other staff members. Based on key elements of the PACE Programme, a priori criteria for a high, medium and low level of the RE-AIM components Reach, Adoption, Implementation and intention to Maintenance were defined. Qualitative data on factors affecting each RE-AIM component gathered in the online discussion groups and interviews were analysed according to the principles of thematic analysis. Results The performance of the PACE Programme on the RE-AIM components was highly variable within and across countries, with a high or medium score for in total 28 (out of 37) LTCFs on Reach, for 26 LTCFs on Adoption, for 35 LTCFs on Implementation and for 34 LTCFs on intention to Maintenance. The factors affecting performance on the different RE-AIM components could be classified into three major categories: (1) the PACE Programme itself and its way of delivery, (2) people working with the PACE Programme and (3) contextual factors. Several country-specific challenges in implementing the PACE Programme were identified. Conclusions The implementation of the PACE Programme was feasible but leaves room for improvement. Our analysis helps to better understand the optimal levels of training and facilitation and provides recommendations to improve implementation in the LTC setting. The results of the process evaluation will be used to further adapt and improve the PACE Programme prior to its further dissemination. Trial registration The PACE study was registered at www.isrctn.com—ISRCTN14741671 (FP7-HEALTH-2013-INNOVATION-1 603111) July 30, 2015.

Pilot study of a well-being app to support New Zealand young people during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Serlachius ◽  
Anna Boggiss ◽  
David Lim ◽  
Kiralee Schache ◽  
Kate Wallace-Boyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
The Look

BACKGROUND Well-being apps represent a promising and scalable approach for improving mental health outcomes in youth, especially during a global pandemic when access to face-to-face interventions may be limited. Whitu (seven in the New Zealand Māori language Te Reo) is a newly developed well-being app with seven modules that support young people to learn and practice evidence-based coping skills, including relaxation, mindfulness, self-compassion, healthy eating, and goal-setting. OBJECTIVE During this pilot, we explored the acceptability, usability, and preliminary efficacy of Whitu before refining the app for a randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS We recruited 20 New Zealand young people aged 16-25 years via social media to trial the first prototype of the Whitu app over 6 weeks. Within-group differences from baseline to 2- and 6-weeks post intervention in self-reported well-being, depression, anxiety, stress, self-compassion, and optimism were evaluated using repeated-measures ANOVA. A further 21 participants aged 16-30 years were recruited to participate in 4 focus groups to give feedback on the app’s usability and cultural acceptability. Feedback was analyzed using directed content analysis. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements in anxiety (p=.024) and stress (p=.017) were observed from baseline to 2-weeks post intervention. Improvements in well-being (p=.021), depression (p=.031), anxiety (p=.005), and stress (p=.004) were also observed from baseline to 6-weeks. No statistically significant changes were seen in self-compassion, optimism, or sleep. Qualitative feedback comprised of five key themes, namely: factors affecting engagement, issues with functionality, preferences regarding aesthetics, effectiveness and adverse effects, and cultural acceptability. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest that Whitu may be an effective app for improving multiple dimensions of young people’s well-being. Modifications to the look and feel, cultural content, and onboarding have been undertaken based on the qualitative feedback, and an RCT is currently underway.

FACTORS AFFECTING USE OF PERMETHRIN-TREATED BED NETS DURING A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL IN WESTERN KENYA

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANE A. ALAII ◽  
FEIKO O. TER KUILE ◽  
AGGREY J. OLOO ◽  
JOHN E. GIMNIG ◽  
BERNARD L. NAHLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Randomized Controlled

NoHoW web-based toolkit with weight and activity tracking for weight-loss maintenance: long-term user experience results from a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Mattila ◽  
Susanne Hansen ◽  
Lise Bundgaard ◽  
Lauren Ramsay ◽  
Alice Dunning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Objectively Measured

BACKGROUND Digital behavior change interventions (DBCIs) offer a promising channel for providing health promotion services. However, user experience of the technologies largely determines user engagement, which is necessary for their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE To evaluate user experiences with the NoHoW Toolkit (TK), a DBCI targeting weight loss maintenance (WLM), over a 12-month period using mixed methodology and to identify the main strengths and weaknesses of the TK as well as external factors affecting its adoption. Secondly, the objective was to describe objectively measured usage of the TK and its association with user experience. METHODS An 18-month, 2 x 2 factorial randomized controlled trial was delivered, including three intervention arms receiving an 18-week active intervention and a control arm. User experience of the TK was assessed quantitatively through electronic questionnaires after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of use, including also thematically analyzed open-ended items. Focus group interviews were conducted at month 6 and thematically analyzed to gather deeper insight into user experience. Usage logs of the TK were used to evaluate the number of visits to the TK, the total duration spent in the TK, and intervention completion. RESULTS The level of usability of the TK was rated as satisfactory. User acceptance was rated as modest, declining during the trial in all arms, as did the objectively measured usage of the TK. The most appreciated features were weekly emails, graphs, goal setting, and interactive exercises. Four themes were identified in the qualitative data: 1) engagement with features, 2) usage decline, 3) external factors affecting the user experience, and 4) suggestions for improvements. CONCLUSIONS The long-term user experience of the TK highlighted the need to optimize the technical functioning, appearance and content of a DBCI before and during the trial, in a way a commercial app would. The users should be made aware of how they should use the intervention and what the use requires, especially in the case of more intensive intervention content. CLINICALTRIAL ISRCTN88405328 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029425

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