scholarly journals Shvaćanje logike i epistemologije u logičkom pozitivizmu

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Prenđa
Keyword(s):  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Traditional Epistemology

Alongside a brief historical account of the rise of the Viena circle, the author lists the main viewpoints concerning tlie conception of logic and epistemology inaugurated in the work of Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath and Moritz Schlick. A possible critique of the logical positivist conception of logic-mathematics resides in the appearance, for example, of alternative geometrical models of a non-Euclidian character where it is shown that logical-mathematical judgements do not only contain a tautological character. The epistemological positions of the followers of logical positivism remain within the framework of so-called traditional epistemology. The author emphasises the conflictual points of these epistemological viewpoints (foundationalism and coherentism) proffering a possible critique from the standpoint of a naturalized approach to the questions of the theory of knowledge,

Beyond Logical Empiricism

Dialogue ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Theoretical Language ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Logical Empiricism ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Logical Empiricist ◽  
Paul Feyerabend

The mainstream of the philosophy of science in the second quarter of this century—the so-called “logical empiricist” or “logical positivist” movement—assumed that theoretical language in science is parasitic upon observation language and can be eliminated from scientific discourse by disinterpretation and formalization, or by explicit definition in or reduction to observational language. But several fashionable views now place the onus on believers in an observation language to show how such a language is meaningful in the absence of a theory.In the present paper, I propose to show why logical positivism failed to do justice to the basic empirical and logical problems of philosophy of science. I also wish to consider why the drastic reaction, typified by Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend, fails t o provide a suitable alternative, and to suggest that the radical approaches of recent writers such as Mary Hesse and Dudley Shapere hold out a genuine promise of dealing effectively with the central tasks that face the philosopher of science today.

Knowledge of Necessity: Logical Positivism and Kripkean Essentialism

Philosophy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Modal Epistemology ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Contingent Truth ◽  
Contingent A Priori ◽  
Necessary A Posteriori ◽  
Necessary Truth

AbstractBy the lights of a central logical positivist thesis in modal epistemology, for every necessary truth that we know, we know it a priori and for every contingent truth that we know, we know it a posteriori. Kripke attacks on both flanks, arguing that we know necessary a posteriori truths and that we probably know contingent a priori truths. In a reflection of Kripke's confidence in his own arguments, the first of these Kripkean claims is far more widely accepted than the second. Contrary to received opinion, the paper argues, the considerations Kripke adduces concerning truths purported to be necessary a posteriori do not disprove the logical positivist thesis that necessary truth and a priori truth are co-extensive.

‘Non-Metaphysical’ Christian Philosophy and Linguistic Philosophy

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
James W. Woelfel
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Christian Theologian ◽  
Basic Distinction ◽  
Theological Language ◽  
Linguistic Philosophy

In the continuing discussion between Christian theology and linguistic philosophy there is a fundamental division of the theological responses which has weighty implications for the whole encounter between the two disciplines. This basic distinction into two types of Christian response is one of those simple categorisations which by their very obviousness are often overlooked. I refer to two kinds of Christian thinkers who deal with linguistic analysis: the ‘non-metaphysical’ and the ‘metaphysical’. In this article I have chosen to discuss certain types of the ‘non-metaphysical’ response.Whether a Christian theologian deals with Oxford philosophy from a metaphysical or a non-metaphysical perspective is vital to the whole discussion. It is vital to the theologian because linguistic analysis is the latest in a series of philosophical movements beginning with Hume which claim to have undermined metaphysics finally and forever. If the theologian responds in a metaphysical way to the questions asked by the Oxford philosophers, he must justify his appeal to metaphysics over against the critique of metaphysics which lies behind language analysis. If, on the other hand, the theologian replies in a non-metaphysical way, he must demonstrate the epistemological significance of Christian doctrine apart from metaphysical support.The major contemporary criticisms of theological language come not from language analysis considered independently but from a revitalised logical positivism aided by analytical methods. I call this ‘new’ positivism ‘linguistic empiricism’ or ‘analytical positivism’. Linguistic analysis is fundamentally a method, while positivism is a theory of knowledge.

scholarly journals Overcoming Positivism in Economics: Amartya Sen’s Project of Infusing Ethics into Economics

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Alvey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Logical Positivism ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Hilary Putnam ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Moral Science ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Over Time

Logical Positivism, which arose in philosophy early in the twentieth century, proclaimed the sharp distinction between facts and values. Despite objections at the time, positivism was imported into economics in the 1930s. Over time, objections lessened; economics was transformed and ethical considerations were driven out of its core. In the 1950s, debates about positivism arose within the discipline which had exported it. According to the American philosopher Hilary Putnam, the fact/value distinction is now discredited in philosophy. If that is so, the methodological foundations of contemporary economics are also discredited. This paper examines Amartya Sen’s moral science of economics. First, it presents his historical account of the connections between economics and ethics. Sen claims that there was a close connection between the two until positivism was imported. Second, it sketches some of Sen’s ethical objections to modern economics, which is still suffering from positivism. Finally, it lays out some of his ideas on how economics can be returned to an ethical path. Once the ground has been cleared of positivism, ethics can re-emerge in economics in various ways. One path has been marked out by Sen.

Review of Behaviorism and Logical Positivism: A Reassessment of the Alliance.

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 833-833
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Logical Positivism

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

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