FACTORS DETERMINING CESSATION OF CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION; THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S125-S132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. de Jongh ◽  
O. L. Wolthuis
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Uterine Endometrium ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Sparing Effect

ABSTRACT The role of oestrogen and progesterone utilization by the uterus was investigated with regard to the mechanism of cessation of corpus luteum function. After the administration of oestradiol benzoate with or without progesterone in various combinations to spayed, spayed-hysterectomized, or spayed traumatized rats it was found that: there were no percentage differences in the oestrogenic effects in the vaginal smears of spayed or spayed-hysterectomized rats after the administration of oestradiol benzoate alone. After treatment with combinations of oestradiol and progesterone, the oestrogenic effects were inhibited in spayed-hysterectomized animals as compared with similarly treated spayed controls. A still more marked inhibition was obtained after traumatizing the uterine endometrium. Increasing doses of progesterone in combination with a fixed dose of oestradiol benzoate progressively delayed vaginal opening. It is concluded that the uterus does not utilize any measurable amounts of oestrogen, but that, on the other hand, it does utilize considerable quantities of progesterone. Traumatization of the uterus may have a similar progesterone-sparing effect. The findings are discussed against the background of factors which determine cessation of corpus luteum function, while it is suggested that progesterone may be an important factor accounting for the effects of hysterectomy.

EARLY EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE INJECTED INTO 5 DAY OLD RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Jacobsohn ◽  
A. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT The present work deals with problems concerning a) factors influencing gonadal growth in rats during the first two weeks of life and b) the duration of action of 1.5 mg testosterone propionate (testosterone) injected subcutaneously into 5 day old rats (androgenized rats). Five groups of experiments were performed. The results were as follows: Injection of testosterone to 5 day old males reduced the growth of testes from 5 days after injection onwards. Semicastration at 1 day after birth was followed within 14 days by a compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining testis. Androgenization did not prevent a compensatory hypertrophy, but the weight of the remaining testis was reduced as compared with uninjected males. Unilateral ovariectomy at 1 day after birth failed to influence the weight of the remaining ovary recorded after 14 days. Observations on the occurrence of first oestrus and the type of vaginal smears were made in spayed rats receiving ovarian transplants in the anterior eye chamber when 15 days old. Either donors or recipients were androgenized. Testosterone had no effect on the ovaries. Intervals between injection of testosterone and vaginal opening decreased with advancing age both in intact and spayed rats. When testosterone was given to 5 or 18 day old rats, vaginal opening occurred after about 19 and 4 days, respectively. The response of mammary glands of spayed rats with or without androgenization indicated that a) testosterone produced an effect when the rats were about 10 days old and b) testosterone was effective for approximately 15 days.

STUDIES ON ESTER SULPHATES

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Boström
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Time Relation ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT A survey has been made of the hormonal influence on the urinary ester-sulphate pattern in rats. The technique consisted of administration of 35S-labelled sulphate to the experimental animals, collection of the urine voided during the first 24 hours after injection, and subsequent visualization of the ester-sulphate pattern of the individual animals by means of paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis, combined with autoradiography. The following results were obtained: 1. An unknown ester sulphate, present only in the urinary pattern of female rats, disappeared after adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy, but persisted after oophorectomy. 2. The unknown, sex-linked compound was absent from the pattern of juvenile rats, but was present in all those weighing more than 100 g. 3. A time relation was present between the appearance of the characteristic female compound and vaginal opening. The possible nature and physiological role of the unknown compound are discussed against the background of these observations.

ANDROST-5-ENE-3β,17β-DIOL IN OVARY OF POST-MENOPAUSAL HYPEROESTROGENIC WOMEN

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pesonen ◽  
M. Ikonen ◽  
B-J. Procopé ◽  
A. Saure
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The ovaries of ten patients, at least one year after the post-menopause, were incubated with two Δ5-C19-steroids and also studied histochemically. All these patients had post-menopausal uterine bleeding and increased oestrogen excretion of the urine. The urinary estimations of gonadotrophins, 17-KS, 17-OHCS and pregnanediol were carried out on all patients. Vaginal smears were read according to Papanicolaou, and the endometrium and ovaries were studied histologically. The incubation experiments indicate the presence of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. When androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol was used as precursor the formation of testosterone occurred without any concomitant production of DHA and/or androstenedione. This seems to indicate the possible role of the Δ5-pathway in the formation of testosterone by post-menopausal ovarian tissue. The histochemical reactions indicated a reducing activity on NADH, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate, in certain corpora albicantia, atretic follicles and in diffuse thecoma regions in the cortical layer of the ovary. Steroid-3β-ol-dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase were found only at the edges of certain corpora albicantia, in some individual stroma cell groups and in some atretic follicles. Our studies, both biochemical and histochemical, suggest that the observed increase in the urinary oestrogens of the patients studied might in part at least, be of ovarian origin. This opinion is also supported by the postoperative oestrogen values.

scholarly journals Early oxygen levels contribute to brain injury in extremely preterm infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Rantakari ◽  
Olli-Pekka Rinta-Koski ◽  
Marjo Metsäranta ◽  
Jaakko Hollmén ◽  
Simo Särkkä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
List Type ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Abstract Background Extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments that may originate in early NICU care. We hypothesized that early oxygen saturations (SpO2), arterial pO2 levels, and supplemental oxygen (FiO2) would associate with later neuroanatomic changes. Methods SpO2, arterial blood gases, and FiO2 from 73 ELGANs (GA 26.4 ± 1.2; BW 867 ± 179 g) during the first 3 postnatal days were correlated with later white matter injury (WM, MRI, n = 69), secondary cortical somatosensory processing in magnetoencephalography (MEG-SII, n = 39), Hempel neurological examination (n = 66), and developmental quotients of Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales (GMDS, n = 58). Results The ELGANs with later WM abnormalities exhibited lower SpO2 and pO2 levels, and higher FiO2 need during the first 3 days than those with normal WM. They also had higher pCO2 values. The infants with abnormal MEG-SII showed opposite findings, i.e., displayed higher SpO2 and pO2 levels and lower FiO2 need, than those with better outcomes. Severe WM changes and abnormal MEG-SII were correlated with adverse neurodevelopment. Conclusions Low oxygen levels and high FiO2 need during the NICU care associate with WM abnormalities, whereas higher oxygen levels correlate with abnormal MEG-SII. The results may indicate certain brain structures being more vulnerable to hypoxia and others to hyperoxia, thus emphasizing the role of strict saturation targets. Impact This study indicates that both abnormally low and high oxygen levels during early NICU care are harmful for later neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates. Specific brain structures seem to be vulnerable to low and others to high oxygen levels. The findings may have clinical implications as oxygen is one of the most common therapies given in NICUs. The results emphasize the role of strict saturation targets during the early postnatal period in preterm infants.

scholarly journals 332 The diagnostic role of shunt series radiographs (SSR) in children presenting to the children’s emergency department (CED) with suspected ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 852.3-853
Author(s):  
Angharad Griffiths ◽  
Ikechukwu Okafor ◽  
Thomas Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
List Type ◽  
Shunt Failure ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnostic Role

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundVP shunts are used to drain CSF from the cranial vault because of a wide range of pathologies and, like any piece of hardware, can fail. Traditionally investigations include SSR and CT. This project examines the role of SSR in evaluating children with suspected VP shunt failure.Primary outcome: Sensitivity and specificity of SSR in children presenting to the CED with concern for shunt failure.Methods/DesignConducted in a single centre, tertiary CED of the national Irish Neurosurgical(NS) referral centre (ED attendance:>50,000 patients/year). 100 sequential SSR requested by the CED were reviewed. Clinical information was extracted from electronic requests. Shunt failure was defined by the need for NS intervention(Revision).Abstract 332 Figure 1Abstract 332 Figure 2Results/ConclusionsSensitivity and specificity is presented in figure 1 (two by two table).100 radiographs performed in 84 children.22% shunts revised (see flow diagram).7 SSR’s were abnormal.85% (n=6) shunts revised. [5 following abnormal CT].Of the normal SSR’s; 16 had abnormal CT and revised.85/100 received CT.64 of 85 CT’s (75%) were normal.□6 of the 64 had focal shunt concern.SSR’s shouldn’t be used in isolation. NPV&PPV, Sensitivity&Specificity is low.SSR’s are beneficial where there’s concern over focal shunt problems (injury/pain/swelling) or following abnormal CT.VP shunt failure is not well investigated with SSR alone.SSR’s could be omitted where there is no focal shunt concern/after normal CT (without impacting clinical outcome) reducing radiation exposure and reduce impact on CED’s.59 SSR’s could have been avoided without adverse clinical outcome.

THE 'EARLY ANDROGEN SYNDROME' IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROWN-GRANT ◽  
M. R. SHERWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

SUMMARY When testosterone propionate was administered to pregnant guinea-pigs over a short period (days 33–37) of gestation a high proportion of the female offspring exhibited a characteristic syndrome. The time of the first vaginal opening was delayed and its duration reduced. Subsequent periods of opening were fairly regular in occurrence but were shorter in duration than in normal animals; the 'cycle' length was usually slightly longer. Continuous vaginal opening was not observed but during the periods of opening, vaginal smears containing many cornified cells and no leucocytes were obtained. During the periods of vaginal opening no lordosis response to manual stimulation could be elicited nor did the animals mate when run with males. The increase in body weight was normal up to about 150 days of age and slightly, but not significantly, less than that of controls between 150 and 200 days of postnatal life. As adults some masculinization of the external genitalia was observed. At autopsy the weights of the uteri, ovaries, adrenal and anterior pituitary glands were much greater than those of control animals at any stage of the cycle. Histological examination showed that the ovaries contained many antral follicles but no luteal tissue. Enlargement of the glands and metaplastic changes in the epithelium were observed in the uteri. The pituitaries showed an excess of cells containing large, densely packed eosinophilic granules. This early androgen syndrome is compared with that produced by hypothalamic lesions in the guinea-pig and with the changes produced in other species by the administration of androgenic steroids during prenatal or early postnatal life.

The role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and estradiol in rabbit corpus luteum progesterone production

Endocrine ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena H. Chen ◽  
Vanna Zanagnolo ◽  
Sangchai Preutthipan ◽  
Kenneth P. Roberts ◽  
Sandra B. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I

Reduction of infarct size with d-myo-inositol trisphosphate: role of PI3-kinase and mitochondrial KATP channels

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. H830-H836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Przyklenk ◽  
Michelle Maynard ◽  
Peter Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Infarct Size ◽  
Katp Channels ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Pi3 Kinase ◽  
Mitochondrial Katp Channels ◽  
Tetrazolium Staining ◽  
Sparing Effect

Prophylactic treatment with d- myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate hexasodium [d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3], the sodium salt of the endogenous second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P3, triggers a reduction of infarct size comparable in magnitude to that seen with ischemic preconditioning (PC). However, the mechanisms underlying d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced protection are unknown. Accordingly, our aim was to investigate the role of four archetypal mediators implicated in PC and other cardioprotective strategies (i.e., PKC, PI3-kinase/Akt, and mitochondrial and/or sarcolemmal KATP channels) in the infarct-sparing effect of d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3. Fifteen groups of isolated buffer-perfused rabbit hearts [5 treated with d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3, 5 treated with PC, and 5 control cohorts] underwent 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and 2 h of reflow. One set of control, d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3, and PC groups received no additional treatment, whereas the remaining sets were infused with chelerythrine, LY-294002, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), or HMR-1098 [inhibitors of PKC, PI3-kinase, and mitochondrial and sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, respectively]. Infarct size (delineated by tetrazolium staining) was, as expected, significantly reduced in both d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3- and PC-treated hearts versus controls. d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced cardioprotection was blocked by 5-HD but not HMR-1098, thereby implicating the involvement of mitochondrial, but not sarcolemmal, KATP channels. Moreover, the benefits of d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3 were abrogated by LY-294002, whereas, in contrast, chelerythrine had no effect. These latter pharmacological data were corroborated by immunoblotting: d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3 evoked a significant increase in expression of phospho-Akt but had no effect on the activation/translocation of the cardioprotective ε-isoform of PKC. Thus PI3-kinase/Akt signaling and mitochondrial KATP channels participate in the reduction of infarct size afforded by prophylactic administration of d- myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document