THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS OF THE MALE RAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Dahl ◽  
Kjell J. Tveter ◽  
Åsmund Kjaerheim
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Genital Complex ◽  
Accessory Sex Organs ◽  
Complete Regeneration

ABSTRACT The present paper describes the fine structure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat as seen after stimulation with testosterone administered to castrated adults as well as infantile rats. Electron microscopic examination of the testosterone-treated castrated animals revealed an almost complete regeneration of the epithelial cells in all the organs, with a well developed Golgi area, a well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increased number of secretory granules. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the biochemical data, and it is concluded that the various cell types of the accessory genital complex react in a fundamentally similar manner to the administration of testosterone.

scholarly journals Using of the method of electron microscopy for the identification and analysis of clinically implicit pathogenetic manifestations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
L. G. Nikonova ◽  
V. V. Banin ◽  
I. G. Stel'nikova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Latent Form ◽  
Insulin Cells

Electron microscopic examination of B cells of pancreatic islets of the pancreas in dogs with normal (n=10) and impaired glucose tolerance (n=10) was performed. Ultrastructural features of the organization of insulin cells associated with an increased requirement of the hormone in the body with the latent form of diabetes mellitus are established. In B cells, signs of functional tension due to unregulated secretion, manifested by the expansion of endoplasmic reticulum cisterns, Golgi complex hypertrophy, an increase in the number of immature secretory granules and vacuoles in the cytoplasm are revealed in B cells.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA IN THE BAT

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Ito ◽  
Robert J. Winchester
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells

A description of the cytology of the gastric mucosa is presented based upon an electron microscopic investigation of the bat stomach. The fine structure of the various cell types in this species is fundamentally similar to that of the corresponding cell types of other mammals, but the relative cell numbers and distribution are somewhat different. (a). The surface mucous cells are identified by their superficial location and by the character of their dense secretory granules. (b). The mucous neck cells are distinguished by a characteristically different appearance and distribution of their mucous granules, and by their varied shape and their location between parietal cells. (c). The parietal cells are very large and have unusually prominent secretory canaliculi and an extraordinary number of large mitochondria. (d). The chief cells are found at the base of the gastric glands and are similar in their fine structure to other zymogenic cells. They contain many large zymogen granules and have an extensively developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. The latter is sometimes aggregated in unusual, hexagonally packed straight tubules, each with twelve longitudinal rows of ribosomes uniformly spaced around its circumference and with the rows of ribosomes in precise register with those of adjoining tubules. (e). Argentaffin cells lodged between other cell types vary sufficiently in the structure of their mitochondria and the character of their specific granules to suggest that they are of more than one kind. The majority are at the base of the epithelium but some extend to the lumen and bear microvilli on their free surface.

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS OF THE MALE RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Dahl ◽  
Renate Hars
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Dorsal Lobe ◽  
Secretory Material ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Accessory Sex Organs ◽  
Nuclear Changes ◽  
Specific Influence

ABSTRACT The present paper describes the fine structure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat as seen after administration of the anti-androgenic compound chlormadinon acetate for 20 days. There was a general involution of the organs with macroscopic atrophy and reduced amount of secretory material. Ultrastructurally the cells contained less organelles as compared with the controls, loss of cytoplasm and reduction both of cell height and width. The major changes also included reduction of the Golgi areas and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Within the dorsal lobe prominent nuclear changes were found. The alterations observed in the present study are similar to the changes which were found in rats treated with another anti-androgenic compound, Cyp A. It is concluded that these two anti-androgenic compounds exert their effects through similar mechanisms with a specific influence on the prostate and the seminal vesicles.

Appraisal of endocrine function of segmental autotransplanted pancreas in dogs

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jonung ◽  
Y. Berlatzky ◽  
M.-H. Chen ◽  
R. Munda ◽  
I. G. Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Glucagon Immunoreactivity

Abstract. There is increasing interest in pancreatic transplantation for patients with diabetes. In experimental models, endocrine function is usually monitored by determination of insulin and glucose levels in plasma. In this study following a segmental pancreatic autotransplant to the iliac fossa in dogs, a combined analysis of three pancreatic islet hormones, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon was undertaken by radioimmunoassay of plasma. These were measured under basal conditions and following provocation with a standard meal, arginine, secretin and bombesin infusions. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examination of transplanted tissue was also performed. Circulating insulin and glucose levels in the surviving dogs with transplants reflected normoglycaemia with a normal tolerance to iv glucose and immunohistochemical detection of endocrine cells producing insulin, PP and glucagon. Secretory granules were found in A and B cells by electron microscopy. The normal circulating glucagon immunoreactivity could have originated in gastric antral A cells as well as in pancreatic tissue. It was not possible, however, to stimulate the autotransplanted pancreas to release detectable PP into the circulation.

scholarly journals Alternative Pathways of Cancer Cell Death by Rottlerin: Apoptosis versus Autophagy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Torricelli ◽  
Sara Salvadori ◽  
Giuseppe Valacchi ◽  
Karel Souček ◽  
Eva Slabáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Light Fluorescence ◽  
Mcf 7

Since the ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis often limits the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, autophagy is emerging as an alternative target to promote cell death. Therefore, we wondered whether Rottlerin, a natural polyphenolic compound with antiproliferative effects in several cell types, can induce cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The MCF-7 cell line is a good model of chemo/radio resistance, being both apoptosis and autophagy resistant, due to deletion of caspase 3 gene, high expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and low expression of the autophagic Beclin-1 protein. The contribution of autophagy and apoptosis to the cytotoxic effects of Rottlerin was examined by light, fluorescence, and electron microscopic examination and by western blotting analysis of apoptotic and autophagic markers. By comparing caspases-3-deficient (MCF-73def) and caspases-3-transfected MCF-7 cells (MCF-73trans), we found that Rottlerin induced a noncanonical, Bcl-2-, Beclin 1-, Akt-, and ERK-independent autophagic death in the former- and the caspases-mediated apoptosis in the latter, in not starved conditions and in the absence of any other treatment. These findings suggest that Rottlerin could be cytotoxic for different cancer cell types, both apoptosis competent and apoptosis resistant.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL MORPHOMETRY OF SPARSELY GRANULATED PROLACTIN CELL ADENOMAS OF THE HUMAN PITUITARY

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Highly Active

ABSTRACT Fifteen sparsely granulated prolactin-producing adenomas and 10 non-tumourous adenohypophyses, removed by surgical hypophysectomy, have been studied using morphometry at the electron microscopic level. Compared to non-tumourous prolactin cells, sparsely granulated adenomatous prolactin cells showed a significant decrease in diameter and volume density of secretory granules and an increased volume density of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The volume density of mitochondria remained unchanged. These results indicate that the cells of the adenoma are in a highly active functional state. It appears that the equilibrium between hormone synthesis, storage and release is altered in adenomatous prolactin cells.

scholarly journals CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON TWO FUNCTIONAL HEPATOMAS

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Essner ◽  
Alex B. Novikoff
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Golgi Membranes

The Reuber hepatoma H-35 and Morris hepatoma 5123 have been studied by electron microscopy and by cytochemical staining methods for a number of phosphatases. These studies emphasize the resemblances of the two tumors to rat liver, but they also indicate distinctive features in each of the three tissues. Secretory product accumulates within the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus that dilate to form the Golgi vacuoles. The vacuoles apparently separate, and secretory material undergoes further condensation within them. These "secretory vacuoles" possess acid phosphatase activity and may thus be considered lysosomes. The membranes of the Golgi apparatus are without acid phosphatase activity but show high levels of thiaminepyrophosphatase activity. The endoplasmic reticulum also hydrolyzes thiaminepyrophosphate but at a lower rate; it hydrolyzes the diphosphates of uridine, guanosine, and inosine rapidly. These observations and the electron microscopic images are consistent with the view that the cytomembranes are in a dynamic state of flux, movement, and transformation in the living cell, and that smooth surfaced derivatives of the endoplasmic reticulum become refashioned into the Golgi membranes as the Golgi membranes are being refashioned into those that delimit secretory vacuoles. The variations encountered in the two hepatomas are described. The electron microscope literature dealing with the relations of the Golgi apparatus to secretory granules, on the one hand, and the endoplasmic reticulum, on the other, is reviewed briefly.

Effect of thyroxine on the ultrastructure of the hypophyseal proximal pars distalis in Tilapia zillii

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Leatherland ◽  
Mohamed Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Tilapia Zillii ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Granule Release

The effects of exogenous L-thyroxine on the fine structure of the proximal pars distalis cells were examined in Tilapia zillii. In thyroxine-treated animals the thyrotrophic cells appeared marginally smaller and less active whereas the somatotrophs appeared markedly more active, with increased endoplasmic reticulum, larger mitochondria, and more granule release when compared with the same cell types in control animals. The gonadotrophs were similar in appearance in both thyroxine-treated and control groups.The possible interrelated activity of the somatotrophs and the TSH–thyroid axis is discussed.

Multiple supratentorial hemangioblastomas

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakuntla Ishwar ◽  
Raymond M. Taniguchi ◽  
F. Stephen Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parietal Area ◽  
Erythropoietin Production ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Lesions

✓ Multiple hemangioblastomas were found above the tentorium in a 62-year-old woman who first had a discrete 2.5 cm tumor removed from the superior aspect of the tentorium adjacent to the falx, and 2 years later developed two more intracranial mass lesions, one in the right parietal area, the other attached to the dura of the right frontal fossa. Histological examination of all three tumors showed precisely the same well-differentiated morphology of hemangioblastoma. Foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis were present within them. Electron microscopic examination of the last two lesions disclosed secretory granules within the tumor cells, indicative of erythropoietin production, as described previously in a hemangioblastoma. Collagen and endothelial cells were not present in quantities consistent with an angioblastic meningioma. The genesis of hemangioblastomas is discussed.

scholarly journals The neuronal endoplasmic reticulum: its cytochemistry and contribution to the endomembrane system. I. Cell bodies and dendrites.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Broadwell ◽  
A M Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Endomembrane System ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Enzyme Cytochemistry ◽  
G6pase Activity ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Intracellular Compartments

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its contribution to the endomembrane system (i.e., membranes of cell organelles) in the neuron have been investigated in brains of mice by applying electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry for demonstration of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity. The phosphohydrolytic activity of G6Pase is a well-known cytochemical marker for the ER in numerous cell types. Of the different substrates employed, glucose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate were the only two with which G6Pase reaction product was seen in the neuronal ER and organelles related morphologically to the ER. G6Pase activity in cell bodies and dendrites was localized consistently within the lumen of the nuclear envelope, rough and smooth ER, lamellar bodies, hypolemmal and subsurface cisternae, and frequently in the cis saccules of the Golgi apparatus. The G6Pase reactive ER appeared as a network of saccules and tubules pervading the cell body and its dendrites. Possible membrane continuities were identified between the ER and the other reactive structures, including the cis half of the Golgi apparatus. Neither G6Pase activity nor reactive ER was associated with the trans Golgi saccules or GERL. G6Pase activity thus serves as a reliable marker for the perikaryal and dendritic ER and related structures. These observations support the theory that the ER is an integral component of the neuronal endomembrane system associated with the transfer of membrane or membrane molecules among intracellular compartments, the packaging and transport of exportable protein, and energy metabolism. G6Pase activity in the ER of axons and terminals is considered in detail in part two of this study.

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