Thyrotropin releasing hormone does not stimulate prolactin release in the preterm human fetus

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Roti ◽  
Eliana Gardini ◽  
Roberta Minelli ◽  
Lina Bianconi ◽  
Alessandro Alboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Cord Blood Serum ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract. Previous studies have suggested that fetal PRL secretion does not respond to stimuli such as TRH, metoclopramide, and cimetidine. It was postulated that the lack of response to TRH could be due to the possibility that, in the term fetus, lactotropes secrete PRL maximally and would be unresponsive to further stimulation. In order to study this hypothesis, 200 μg TRH or saline were administered to preterm pregnant women in labor. Maternal blood was obtained before TRH and saline administration. Maternal and cord blood were obtained at parturition. PRL, TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were measured in all sera. TRH administration induced a significant increase in maternal serum PRL, TSH and T3 concentrations. In the cord blood of newborns whose mothers received TRH, serum TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were significantly higher than in cord blood of newborns whose mothers received saline. Cord blood serum PRL concentrations were unchanged after TRH administration. This latter finding suggests that fetal lactotropes do not respond to TRH in the preterm fetus. Desensitization of fetal PRL secreting cells to TRH stimulation and/or the inhibitory effect of elevated fetal circulating corticosteroids on TRH-induced PRL secretion may explain the absent PRL response to TRH during fetal life.

scholarly journals Serum Levels and Placental Expression of NGAL in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Yin ◽  
Yan Huo ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yixing Pan ◽  
Suxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Protein Levels

Objectives. The aim was to investigate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in the serum and term placentas and its potential role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. A total of 49 GDM subjects and 39 age-matched women with normal pregnancies were recruited. We examined serum concentrations of NGAL and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in maternal blood and cord blood and their expression levels in the term placentas and umbilical cord. Results. Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in GDM patients than in normal pregnant controls both in the maternal blood (4.80 ± 1.99 vs. 3.66 ± 1.13, P=0.001) and the cord blood (4.70 ± 2.08 vs. 3.85 ± 1.44, P=0.027). Moreover, serum NGAL levels exhibited a positive correlation with various parameters of insulin resistance. Maternal serum NGAL levels positively correlated with the NGAL levels found in the cord blood of the control (r = 0.399, P=0.012) and the GDM subjects (r = 0.349, P=0.014). Finally, the expression of NGAL protein levels in the placenta (1.22 ± 0.39 vs. 0.65 ± 0.23, P<0.001) and umbilical cord (0.65 ± 0.23 vs. 0.25 ± 0.10, P<0.001) were higher in GDM women than those noted in the control subjects. In the GDM group, maternal serum NGAL levels exhibited a positive correlation with placental NGAL mRNA and protein levels (r = 0.848, P=0.008; r = 0.636, P=0.011, respectively). Conclusions. NGAL may be an important adipokine involved in GDM and fetal development. The oversecretion of NGAL from the placenta may contribute to the elevated levels of serum NGAL in gestational diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Study of correlation between maternal and cord blood vitamin D3 levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Sunil Rai ◽  
Saurav Das ◽  
Shankar Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cord Blood Sample ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborn period is common in this country. Vitamin D status of the mother is known to influence the vitamin D levels in the neonate, however how closely the maternal vitamin D level correlates with the cord blood Vitamin D is not clearly understood. To study the correlation between maternal and neonatal serum Vitamin D3 levels by as indicated by cord blood 25(OH)D levels and find out if there is a significant variation of cord blood 25(OH)D levels in Vitamin D sufficient and insufficient mothers.Methods: Healthy pregnant women between 18-45 years of age with no known history of chronic disease or long-term medication, consenting for the study were enrolled. Maternal blood sample was collected in peripartum period, cord blood sample was obtained after delivery from the umbilical cord after clamping. Vitamin D3 levels were measured by RIA and paired maternal and cord blood levels were statistically analyzed.Results: 569 paired samples of maternal and cord blood were analyzed. The mean maternal serum 25(OH)D level was 35.63ng/ml (sd 6.18, range 9.2-39.8) as compared to 13.52ng/ml (sd 3.79, range 7.9-27) for the neonates. 457 of the mothers were found to have sufficient, 101(18%) insufficient and 11(2%) deficient Vitamin D levels as per Endocrinological Society guidelines. In comparison, 535(94%) of the neonates had deficient levels, none of the neonates had sufficient Vitamin D levels, 34(5.99%) had insufficient levels. No significant correlation was found between maternal and neonatal serum vitamin 25(OH)D levels (r=0.007, P=0.85).Conclusions: Maternal and Cord blood serum Vitamin D3 levels were found to be poorly correlated in this study.

scholarly journals Communication of Placental Iron Trafficking Proteins with Maternal and Fetal Iron Regulators

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3629-3629
Author(s):  
Sreenithi Santhakumar ◽  
Rekha Athiyarath ◽  
Anne George Cherian ◽  
Vinod Abraham ◽  
Biju George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Iron Trafficking ◽  
Cord Blood Serum ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Abstract During pregnancy, iron is a primary requisite micronutrient for the developing fetal-placental unit and increased maternal erythrocyte mass expansion. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy (IDAP) remains a constant public health problem in our country where all of them receive routine iron supplementation.The mechanism involved in iron regulatory pathway across the placenta is more complex and less understood. Here we examined the hematological and biochemical parameters of mother and fetus, placental mRNA and protein expression of iron trafficking proteins in iron replete and deplete pregnant women. Subjects who presented to the department of community health for child birth were screened and consenting patients (age<35 years and a gestational age≥36weeks) were included in the study. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected and a cut placental tissue (~0.5cm) was obtained at the time of delivery. Hematological and biochemical parameters were analysed according to standard methods. Serum ferritin was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Maternal and cord blood serum hepcidin and GDF15 levels were measured using ELISA (DRG Diagnostics and Ray Biotech, respectively). Placental tissue RNA extracted using PARIS kit (Ambion) and cDNA was synthesised using RT2 first strand Kit (QIAGEN). The relative quantification of twenty two genes involved in iron uptake, export, transport and regulation was done using Custom RT2 PCR Array (SA Biosciences, QIAGEN). Western blot analysis was performed for significantly expressed genes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A total of one hundred and thirty eight pregnant women (n=138) were included in the study; 14 subjects were excluded due to unavailability of either maternal or cord blood serum samples. A cut off of ferritin<30ng/mL was taken to define iron deficiency since all of them were on regular iron supplementation during pregnancy. Of the 124 subjects, 28 subjects had iron deficiency anaemia (Hb<10.5g/dL and Ferritin<30ng/mL) and 52 were iron replete (Hb>10.5g/dL and Ferritin>30ng/mL). Forty four women who did not fulfil either of the criteria were not included for analysis. The demographic, hematological and biochemical parameters of the groups are tabulated (Table.1). In the IDAP, even though the maternal serum ferritin levels were reduced, their fetal ferritin levels did not differ significantly from the control fetuses [IDAP fetuses- 139.8ng/mL, 15.4-300.5 vs Control fetuses - 143.4ng/mL, 13.1-461; p= 0.72]. No significant association was observed between ferritin and hepcidin levels either in the maternal or fetal serum. Interestingly, we found a negative correlation between maternal serum GD15 levels and fetal hepcidin: ferritin ratio (r=-0.439; p=0.025). Placental gene expression and protein expression was further analyzed (Table.2). Significantly higher gene expression of placental IREB2 [p=0.011], and ferroportin [p=0.000] were observed in iron deficient cohort. TP53 and LRP1 mRNA expressions were significantly lower in IDAP [p=0.002 & p=0.000]. Maternal serum ferritin had a significant positive correlation with placental expression of IREB2 (r=0.519; p=0.027) and LRP1 (r=0.470; p=0.049). At the protein level, placental GDF15 protein was significantly elevated in IDAP [p=0.04]. Placental GDF15 and ferroportin (FPN) was positively correlated with fetal ferritin (r=0.626; p=0.017 & r=0.552; p=0.041). Even when the maternal iron stores are low, the fetus gets the priority according to the hierarchy of iron usage. In IDAP, we observed a higher expression of placental ferroportin and transferrin receptor which probably leads to the increased efflux of iron towards fetus. Elevated placental GDF15 and ferroportin may imply that they play a major role in accomplishing iron trafficking and has to be further explored. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirte R Caanen ◽  
Esther A Kuijper ◽  
Peter G Hompes ◽  
Mark M Kushnir ◽  
Alan L Rockwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

ObjectiveLittle is known about the aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Some suggest that elevated maternal androgens during gestation play a causative role. This implies placental passage of androgens during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to compare androgen and estrogen concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy and in umbilical cord blood, between mothers with PCOS and their offspring compared to controls.DesignProspective case–control study.MethodsMaternal blood samples were collected around 20 weeks of gestation and at delivery. Umbilical cord blood was also taken at delivery. Androgens (testosterone (T), androstenedione (ADION), dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA)) and estrogens (estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3)) were measured using the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods.ResultsAt 20 weeks of gestation: T (P=0.019) and ADION (P=0.034) were higher in the PCOS mothers (pregnant with a girl), whereas DHEA, E1, E2, and E3were not different. Maternal concentration at birth: T (P=0.004) and ADION (P=0.009) were also higher in the subgroup of PCOS mothers that were pregnant with a girl compared to the girl pregnancy controls. DHEA, E1, E2and E3were not different. In umbilical cord blood, no differences were found for T, ADION, DHEA, E2, E3, and AMH between the PCOS mothers and the controls respectively. E1was lower in girls from PCOS mothers (P=0.007).ConclusionsDespite elevated maternal androgen concentrations during pregnancy in PCOS mothers, offspring showed no signs of elevated androgen concentrations in cord blood at birth using the latest highly specific LC-MS/MS methods.

URINARY EXCRETION OF THYROXINE, TRIIODOTHYRONINE, 3,3′,5′-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (REVERSE T3) AND RENAL FUNCTION IN HUMAN NEWBORNS

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Rogowski ◽  
Jens Faber ◽  
Carsten Kirkegaard ◽  
Merete Lundsteen ◽  
Dorte Loldrup Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Cord Blood Serum

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion and serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) was estimated in a longitudinal study of human newborns. The maternal and cord blood was also studied. Neonatal renal function was evaluated using endogenous creatinine clearance. In cord blood serum T3 was found to be lower than in maternal blood, but reverse T3 highly elevated. During the first 5 days of life serum T4 and T3 increased with maximum at 48 and 24 h in contrast to reverse T3 which remained high and then declined rapidly after 4 days. Creatinine clearance during the first 3 days of life increased from 5.3 to 21.9 ml/min/1.73 m2. In the same period the urinary T4 excretion increased from 79 to 281 ng/24 h, urinary T3 excretion from 16 to 44 ng/24 h and urinary reverse T3 from 4 to 15 ng/24 h. The renal excretion of thyroid hormones, corrected for body surface, was decreased compared to adult controls, corresponding to an immature renal function. The lack of ability to excrete thyroid hormones involved primary T3 and reverse T3 suggesting particular immaturity of tubular secretion of these hormones during the neonatal period.

scholarly journals Mother-Infant Transfer of Anti-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Antibodies following Vaccination with the Quadrivalent HPV (Type 6/11/16/18) Virus-Like Particle Vaccine

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Matys ◽  
Sara Mallary ◽  
Oliver Bautista ◽  
Scott Vuocolo ◽  
Ricardo Manalastas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
International Study ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vaccine Type

ABSTRACTThe exploratory immunogenicity objective of this analysis was to characterize the titer of vaccine human papillomavirus (HPV)-type immunoglobulins in both peripartum maternal blood and the cord blood of infants born to women who received blinded therapy. Data were derived from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy study (protocol 019; NCT00090220). This study enrolled 3,819 women between the ages of 24 and 45 years from 38 international study sites between 18 June 2004 and 30 April 2005. Data in the current analysis are from subjects enrolled in Philippines and Thailand. For each of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, maternal anti-HPV was found in cord blood samples. Furthermore, HPV titers in cord blood samples were highly positively correlated with maternal HPV titers. Additionally, there were instances when anti-HPV antibodies were no longer detectable in maternal serum samples and yet were detected in matched cord blood samples. These results demonstrate that quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine-induced antibodies cross the placenta and could potentially provide some benefit against vaccine-type HPV infection and related diseases such as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

scholarly journals The Cobalamin-Binding Proteins Transcobalamin and Haptocorrin in Maternal and Cord Blood Sera at Birth

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Obeid ◽  
Anne L Morkbak ◽  
Winfried Munz ◽  
Ebba Nexo ◽  
Wolfgang Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Two proteins carry vitamin B12 in plasma. Transcobalamin (TC) carries ∼25% of total plasma vitamin B12 and is 6% to 20% saturated with cobalamin. Haptocorrin (HC) binds ∼80% of total cobalamin and is largely saturated with cobalamin. Methods: We investigated the distribution and the relationship between concentrations of cobalamin, total and holo forms of TC, and HC in blood samples from pregnant women just before delivery (n = 92) and in cord blood samples from their newborn babies. We also investigated the relationship between these proteins and concentrations of methylmalonic acid (MMA), the functional marker of vitamin B12 status. Results: Concentrations of total serum cobalamin, total HC, holoHC, and percentage of HC saturation were higher in cord blood than in the maternal blood (mean cobalamin, 268 vs 188 pmol/L; total HC, 648 vs 538 pmol/L; holoHC, 441 vs 237 pmol/L; HC saturation, 70% vs 47%). Moreover, total TC was low in cord blood, whereas both holoTC and TC saturation were higher in cord blood than in the maternal blood (mean total TC, 654 vs 1002 pmol/L; holoTC, 118 vs 53 pmol/L; TC saturation, 19.8% vs 5.4%). Higher maternal serum cobalamin was associated with higher cord blood holoTC and TC saturation (P &lt;0.05). Gestational age was also a significant determinant of baby total TC, TC saturation, total HC, and holoHC. Conclusion: The close correlation between the amounts of holoTC present in cord blood and in maternal serum supports the importance of maternal cobalamin status for ensuring a sufficient supply to the baby.

Human foetal prolactin but not thyrotropin secretion is decreased by bromocriptine

1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Roti ◽  
Giuseppe Robuschi ◽  
Alessandro Alboni ◽  
Lorenzo d'Amato ◽  
Mara Montermini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Placebo Administration ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Small Inhibition ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract. In the adult, dopamine inhibits prolactin (Prl) secretion and less so thyrotropin (TSH) release. Little information is available concerning the role of dopaminergic stimuli in the regulation of TSH and Prl secretion in the term human foetus. The dopamine agonist, bromocriptine (5 mg), or placebo were randomly administered orally to 120 pregnant women during labour. Maternal and foetal cord blood was obtained at parturition and analyzed for Prl, TSH, T4, T3 and rT3 concentrations. Since the time of parturition is unpredictable, maternal and cord blood hormone values were grouped at intervals of time from the time of bromocriptine or placebo administration to delivery. Hormone values were compared between the bromocriptine and placebo groups by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bromocriptine markedly inhibited maternal serum Prl conentrations compared to values in the placebo treated women (P < 0.001) and this decrease was more marked as the time interval between bromocriptine administration and delivery increased (P < 0.001, regression analysis). Cord blood Prl was also significantly lower in newborns whose mothers received bromocriptine (P < 0.001). Bromocriptine significantly inhibited maternal serum TSH concentrations as compared to values in women treated with placebo (P < 0.006). In contrast, bromocriptine administration did not affect cord blood TSH concentrations. These findings suggest that bromocriptine crosses the term human placenta and suppresses foetal Prl secretion. In contrast to the small inhibition of TSH secretion in pregnant women, bromocriptine does not affect foetal TSH secretion suggesting that regulation of TSH secretion in the term foetus may not be under dopaminergic control.

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