Cortical bone structure and material properties

Changes in medullary and cortical bone structure with age remain unclear. Twenty Hy-Line W36 hens, 25 or 52 weeks of age, were euthanized, and both tibiae were collected when an egg was present in the magnum. Serial cross sections of the tibiae were stained with Alcian blue. The bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Trabecular width (Tb.Wi) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 25-week-old hens, whereas medullary bone tissue volume (TV) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 52-week-old hens. 25-week-old hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) bone volume fraction (BVF = calcified tissue / TV). Moreover, the cortical bone parameters were significantly higher (TV and bone mineral content (BMC) at p < 0.05, and bone volume (BV) and BVF at p < 0.01) in younger hens. Open porosity and total porosity, which indicate less density, were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in older hens. Older hens showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) tibial diaphysis TV than younger hens. Younger hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) BV, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibial diaphysis. These findings reveal that reductions in medullary bone quality might be associated with age-related low estrogen levels and stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by parathyroid hormone. Cortical bone quality decreased with enlargement of the Haversian canals and loss of volume, with a longer egg-laying period leading to osteoporosis.

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Cortical bone density by quantitative computed tomography mirrors disorders of bone structure in bone biopsy of non-dialysis CKD patients

Bone Reports ◽

10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101166 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 101166

Author(s):

Amandha L. Bittencourt ◽

Maria Eugênia F. Canziani ◽

Larissa D.B.R. Costa ◽

Carlos E. Rochitte ◽

Aluizio B. Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Density ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Bone Biopsy ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Cortical Bone Density

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Multi-level patient-specific modelling of the proximal femur. A promising tool to quantify the effect of osteoporosis treatment

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2008.0302 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 367 (1895) ◽

pp. 2079-2093 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Leen Lenaerts ◽

G. Harry van Lenthe

Keyword(s):

Bone Strength ◽

Material Properties ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Structural Information ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Femoral Bone ◽

Fe Modelling ◽

Specific Loading

Preventing femoral fractures is an important goal in osteoporosis research. In order to evaluate a person's fracture risk and to quantify response to treatment, bone competence is best assessed by bone strength. Finite-element (FE) modelling based on medical imaging is considered a very promising technique for the assessment of in vivo femoral bone strength. Over the past decades, a number of different FE models have been presented focusing on the effect of several methodological aspects, such as mesh type, material properties and loading conditions, on the precision and accuracy of these models. In this paper, a review of this work is presented. We conclude that moderate to good predictions can be made, especially when the models are tuned to specific loading scenarios. However, there is room for improvement when multiple loading conditions need to be evaluated. We hypothesize that including anisotropic material properties is the first target. As a proof of the concept, we demonstrate that the main orientation of the femoral bone structure can be calculated from clinical computed tomography scans. We hypothesize that this structural information can be used to estimate the anisotropic bone material properties, and that in the future this could potentially lead to a greater predictive value of FE models for femoral bone strength.

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Impact microindentation assesses cortical bone material properties in humans

Bone Reports ◽

10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100395 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 100395

Author(s):

Stamatia Rokidi ◽

Natalie Bravenboer ◽

Sonja Gamsjaeger ◽

Pascale Chavassieux ◽

Jochen Zwerina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Material Properties ◽

Bone Material ◽

Bone Material Properties ◽

Impact Microindentation

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Cortical bone dynamics, strength, and densitometry after induction of emphysema in hamsters

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01049.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 631-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jill E. Shea ◽

Scott C. Miller ◽

David C. Poole ◽

John P. Mattson

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Recent evidence suggests that patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are also at an increased risk of developing osteoporosis. The pathophysiological mechanism(s) linking these progressive diseases is unknown. The goal of this investigation was to determine whether there were alterations in bone mineral density and content, cortical bone structure and strength, and indexes of bone formation and resorption in the elastase-induced emphysematous hamster. At 3 wk after induction of emphysema, the femoral bone mineral content was 8% less ( P = 0.026) and the femoral fracture strength was 6% less ( P = 0.032) in the emphysematous hamster than in controls. The cortical area was 8.4% less ( P = 0.013) and the periosteal mineral appositional rate was 27% less ( P = 0.05) than in controls. Additionally, the endocortical eroded surface in the emphysematous group was about twice that in the control group ( P = 0.003). Differences in some indexes of bone formation and resorption, paralleled by differences in bone structure and strength, were observed 3 wk after induction of emphysema. These differences in skeletal metabolism and strength may help explain some of the skeletal changes associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in humans.

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A Modification of the Unilateral Type I External Skeletal Fixator Configuration for Primary or Secondary Support of Supracondylar Humeral and Femoral Fractures

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1636497 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 130-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. D. Schwarz ◽

E. L. Egger ◽

D. L. Piermattei ◽

S. E. Klause

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Femoral Fractures ◽

Humeral Fractures ◽

Type I ◽

Supracondylar Fractures ◽

Application Technique ◽

Secondary Support ◽

Clinical Cases

SummaryA modification of the unilateral Type I external skeletal fixator was developed for use in repair of supracondylar femoral and humeral fractures. The application technique and the results of its use in five clinical cases are discussed. In comminuted supracondylar fractures with loss of cortical bone structure, the modified unilateral Type I external skeletal fixator appears to have advantages over other external skeletal fixator configurations and bone plating.A modification of the unilateral Type I external skeletal fixator (ESF) was developed for use in repair of supracondylar femoral and humeral fractures. In comminuted supracondylar fractures with loss of cortical bone structure, the modified Type IESF appears to have advantages over other ESF configurations and bone plating.

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