scholarly journals Prevalence of unknown thyroid disorders in a Sardinian cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro P Delitala ◽  
Maria Grazia Pilia ◽  
Liana Ferreli ◽  
Francesco Loi ◽  
Nicolò Curreli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunctions

ObjectiveTo assess thyroid function, the presence of thyroid antibodies, as well as the presence of goiter and/or nodules in subjects without a prior diagnosis of thyroid disorders, in a region with mild to moderate iodine deficiency.Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study is based on data obtained from first and third visits of participants in the Sardinian survey. We performed two different analyses. In one, we assessed the prevalence of unknown thyroid dysfunctions among 6252 subjects who had a medical examination and blood collection for assays of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, and antibodies against thyroperoxidase (AbTPO) and against thyroglobulin (AbTG). In a second analysis, we evaluated the frequency of undiagnosed goiter and nodules among 3377 subjects who had a thyroid ultrasound scan. Subjects were excluded if they had a previous history of thyroid disorders or presence of goiter and/or nodules, or thyroid surgery, or if they were taking drugs that could impair thyroid function.ResultsWe found a low prevalence of overt thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism 0.4% and hypothyroidism 0.7%). The rates of subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were 4.7 and 2.4% respectively. Almost 16% of participants were positive for at least one antibody and 5.2% for both AbTG and AbTPO. Nodules were detected in 17.4% of subjects and the prevalence of goiter was 22.1%.ConclusionsUndiagnosed biochemical thyroid dysfunctions, unknown nodules, and goiter were common in subjects living in a mild to moderate iodine-deficient area. In this community, thyroid disorders often go undetected and screening could be reasonable in subjects at a higher risk.

DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THYROID DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashish Narula ◽  
Narendra Kumar Dara ◽  
Shyam Lal Meena
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure

Background: Thyroid hormones influence nearly all major metabolic pathways. Their most obvious and well-known action is the increase in basal energy expenditure obtained by acting on protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The lipid metabolism is more influenced by the thyroid hormone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with suspicion of thyroid disorders were taken as cases. One hundred patients with normal thyroid profile and no history of other chronic diseases were taken as control group. Results: The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals (both overt and subclinical) were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects but the levels were comparable between hyperthyroid and euthyroid group. Conclusion: Dyslipidemias are associated with thyroid disorders, so biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in all dyslipidemic patients. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended for investigation to explore thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Thyroid profile, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL

Malaria among migrants in a university hospital in Colombia during 2018: A case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552098130
Author(s):  
Fabián R Carreño-Almánzar ◽  
Adán Coronado-Galán ◽  
Sonia A Cala-Gómez ◽  
Agustín Vega-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Profiles

Imported malaria has increased in Colombia since 2015 and has been attributed to migrants coming from Venezuela. We present a series of malaria cases, nested in a retrospective cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2018, aimed at calculating the prevalence of medical diseases among immigrants in a University Hospital in Colombia. Among 154 immigrants admitted for medical causes between 2017 and 2018, 8 were diagnosed with malaria, all due to Plasmodium vivax. Of these, seven had uncomplicated malaria, five had a previous history of malaria, one was critically ill, but none died. We highlight that, similar to other case series of imported malaria, Latin American migrants were young, with similar clinical profiles, having a low proportion of severe cases, and P. vivax was the most frequent cause.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C in pregnancy: an observational study highlighting its association with maternal parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Bushra . ◽  
Ambreen Ghori ◽  
Azra Ahmed ◽  
Najma Dalwani ◽  
Mushtaque Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Pregnancy is a very crucial time in a woman’s life. In this period of time, not only multiple physiological alterations effect the usual health status but also makes women more vulnerable to contract infection and face negative sequalae. Hepatitis C, a blood borne viral infection serve the similar fate when encountered by pregnant ladies. This study is based on exploring the prevalence of the Hepatitis C virus seropositivity among pregnant population. Moreover, we also evaluated the major risk factors leading to the infection in these mothers. Besides this, infected mothers were studied for their pregnancy outcomes.Methods: In this study 114 pregnant females were observed for this cross-sectional study. It was conducted in Gynecology Unit- 1, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, for the period of January 2017 to July 2017. Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis on SPSS version 16. The criteria for enrollment in the study was set to be a pregnant lady belonging to age group 20-35 years; having singleton pregnancy; was a booked case at the hospital with compliant to antenatal follow ups; admitted to the labor room for delivery. All the non-pregnant ladies, whom had co morbid conditions such as hypertension or diabetes or had infected with hepatitis B or D were excluded from the study. Furthermore, pregnant ladies with multiple gestion or those who were either diagnosed of hepatitis C prior to conceive or had a previous history of hepatitis C were also excluded.Results: Present study revealed that out of 114, 10(8.8%) pregnant ladies were found seropositive for Hepatitis C virus. Prior history for transfusion of blood was the Foremost risk factor discovered, with 60.5% women reported this. History of surgery was the 2nd commonest factor and 43.9% had this in their medical records. On the other hand, only 8.8% women gave the history for previous evacuation. While observing pregnancy outcomes, we found 48.2% neonates had low birth weight, 41.2% were born preterm and 21.1% had low APGAR score.Conclusions: In a nutshell hepatitis c is prevalent in the pregnant population of this region and showing its effects in the form of compromised pregnancies. History of blood transfusion and previous surgery were found to be chief risk factors in the study.

scholarly journals DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THYROID DISORDERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daulat Meena ◽  
Ramavatar Bairwa
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

Background: Thyroid hormones have profound metabolic effects, the most striking action being an increase in energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism; and thyroid dysfunctions can result in lipid abnormalities which increase the risk of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with suspicion of thyroid disorders were taken as cases. One hundred patients with normal thyroid profile and no history of other chronic diseases were taken as control group. Results- The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals (both overt and subclinical) were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects but the levels were comparable between hyperthyroid and euthyroid group. Conclusion: We conclude that, dyslipidemias are associated with thyroid disorders, so biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in all dyslipidemic patients. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended for investigation to explore thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiological Study of Toxocariasis in Children Aged 6-14 Year Old in Sanandaj, Western Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya MAROUFI ◽  
Ashkan FARIDI ◽  
Mohammadbagher KHADEMERFAN ◽  
Fares BAHRAMI ◽  
Ghasem ZAMINI
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Larva Migrans ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background: Toxocariasis is a disease caused by Toxocara nematodes and occurs from consuming their eggs. The main hosts of these worms are dogs and cats. The disease in humans becomes a visceral larva migrans (VLM). This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of toxocariasis in children aged 6–14 years. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from Jun 1 2016 to Dec 1 2017 in Sanandaj, west of Iran. A total of 182 serum samples were collected from children age 6 to14 yr referred to medical diagnostic laboratories. Demographic data (age, sex, and parents' literacy status), clinical signs (cough, headache, fever, abdominal pain), and the history of contact with dogs and cats was collected by a questionnaire. The presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibody was detected by T. canis IgG ELISA (IBL, Germany) kit. Results: Of 182 subjects, 97 (53.3%) were male and 85 (46.7%) female. The average age was 9.2 years. Antibodies against T. canis were positive in three cases (1.65%) of all the studied subjects. Conclusions: The results showed a low prevalence of toxocariasis in children studied.

scholarly journals Alcohol use disorder and its determinant factors among patients with schizophrenia attending treatment at mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110487
Author(s):  
Habtamu Tadesse ◽  
Yohannes Mirkana ◽  
Tadesse Misgana
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Audit Score ◽  
History Of

Background: Alcohol use disorder is one of the primary causes of avoidable death, illness, and injury in many societies throughout the world. Although alcohol use disorder can influence the natural history of a disease, disease recurrence, quality of life, and treatment adherence in psychiatric patients, the data on its magnitude is scarce. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the magnitude of alcohol use disorder and its determinants among patients with schizophrenia attending a mental specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to June 15, 2018. An alcohol use disorder identification test was employed among a sample of 414 randomly selected patients with schizophrenia. Alcohol use disorder was categorized as hazardous drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of 8–15), harmful drinking (AUDIT score of 16–19), and alcohol dependence (AUDIT score of 20 or above). The data were entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with alcohol use disorder. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 38.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.7, 42.9). Of this, 22.4% of the patients had hazardous drinking, 8.4% harmful drinking, and 7.6% alcohol dependence. Factors associated with alcohol use disorder were male sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.8, 95% CI 2.55, 13.19), being single (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.63, 5.51), divorced (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.95, 9.47) and widowed (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.39, 8.81), having family history of alcoholism (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.98, 7.19), longer duration of illness (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.83, 8.36), previous history of psychiatric diagnosis (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1, 4.34), and concomitant use of non-alcoholic substances (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.06, 6.74). Conclusions: Almost four in ten patients with schizophrenia had alcohol use disorder. Male sex, single, divorced, and widowed, family history of alcohol use, long duration of illness, previous history of psychiatric diagnosis, and concomitant use of non-alcoholic substances were significantly associated with alcohol use disorder. Continuous counseling of at risk populations about alcohol consumption should be strengthened.

scholarly journals MATERNAL OUTCOMES OF PREGNANCY-RELATED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2057-60
Author(s):  
Irfan Khattak ◽  
Samina Naseem Khattak ◽  
Ayesha Imran ◽  
Khawar Kamal ◽  
Umairah Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Objective: To determine the frequency of Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury in the Pakistani population and its effect on maternal health. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Nephrology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital Kharian, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2020. Methodology: All pregnant women with normal renal functions at the time of enrolment in the study and no previous history of any kidney disease or renal procedure in the recent past (at least 3 months) before conception were included in our study at Combined Military Hospital Kharian. All participants had serum creatinine tested at enrolment and were inquired specifically about any history of renal disease or any renal procedure in the recent past (at least 3 months old). Results: Mean maternal age in the study was 29 ± 7.67 years however it ranged from 16-41 years. Around a quarter of acute kidney injury cases occurred in the first and second trimesters combined, with 26 (12%) and 24 (11%) cases in the first and second trimesters, respectively. Thirty percent of acute kidney injury cases were diagnosed in the third trimester. A substantial number 58 (27%) of cases developed azotemia which persisted beyond three months and developed chronic kidney disease of various stages. Regarding maternal outcomes, 166 (77%) mothers recovered completely. However, 43 (20%) patients had some degree pf azotemia, a few cases required permanent renal replacement therapy. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is a common problem in our community leading to suboptimal maternal outcomes..............

scholarly journals A Study of Posterior Segment Pathology in Cataractous Eyes Using B-scan Ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Mohammed Shakour ◽  
Caroline Ayad ◽  
Samih Kajoak ◽  
Hamid Osman ◽  
E. Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cataract Patients

Background: Ultrasonography (US) is a valuable diagnostic modality for detecting posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) in patients with cataractous eyes. This imaging modality can better facilitate planning surgery and predicting prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of B-scan US in evaluating posterior segment abnormalities of eyes in cataract patients pre-operatively to limit complications and visual impairment. Methods and Results: A prospective, cross‑sectional study to assess cataracts by US, as well as to detect posterior segment abnormalities of eyes in cataract patients, was conducted in Sudan at Albasar International Foundation (Makah Eye Complex in Omdurman) between December 2018 and December 2019. All patients (n=380; 48% males and 52% females; a mean age of 63±12.57 years) with non-visualization of the fundus, regardless of age and gender, were involved and were assumed to have orbital pathologies. Patients with high-risk extrusion of intraocular contents and a previous history of ocular surgery were excluded from the present study. All patients with dense cataracts were evaluated using standard US machines (Echoscan US-4000; NIDEK CO., LTD.) equipped with a real-time high-frequency probe. The typical age of the patients complaining of cataracts was between 61 and 70 years, which constituted 35% of cases, followed by age >70 years, which constituted 24.2% of cases. About 47.63% patients had ocular pathology in the posterior segment of the eye (Table 3). The most common PSEDs were vitreous abnormalities (46.2%). Among vitreous abnormalities, most abnormal eyes had vitreous changes (36.1%), followed by VD (3.7%); 1.3% of patients had retinal detachment. Conclusion: Ocular US should be the first screening modality in the evaluation of posterior segment pathologies in cataractous eyes and should be performed in cataract patients pre-operatively for better surgical planning and predicting post-operative visual prognosis.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic and Electrocardiographic Findings in COVID-19 Patients; A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faeze Keihanian ◽  
Hoorak Poorzand ◽  
Amin Saeidinia ◽  
Ali Eshraghi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: There are still many gaps in our knowledge regarding the direct cardiovascular injuries due to COVID-19 infection. In this study, we tried to find out the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiac function in patients without any history of structural heart disease by electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluations.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran between 14 April and 21 September 2020. COVID-19 infection was verified by a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples. We enrolled all patients over 18 years old with definite diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. All patients underwent a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography at the first week of admission. Clinical and imaging data were collected prospectively. Results: In total, 142 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of participants was 60.69± 15.70 years (range: 30-90 years). Most patients were male (82, 57.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that O2 saturation at admission was independently a predictor of re-hospitalization (P<0.001). RV size (P<0.001), dyslipidemia (P<0.001), ejection fraction (EF) (P<0.001), age (P=0.020), systolic blood pressure (P=0.001), O2 saturation (P=0.018) and diabetes (P=0.025) independently predicted 30-days mortality. Conclusion: Echocardiography can be used for risk assessment in patients with COVID-19, especially in those with previous history of diabetes and dyslipidemia. The infection could result in Ventricular dysfunction, even in those without previous history of structural heart disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Self-Medication among Pregnant Women on Antenatal Care Follow-Up at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Faisel Dula Sema ◽  
Deres Gezahegn Addis ◽  
Eshetie Azezew Melese ◽  
Demeke Dana Nassa ◽  
Zemene Demelash Kifle
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background. Self-medication is being prevalent throughout the globe. Although pregnant women are among the most vulnerable group of the population for drug-induced adverse effects on their fetus and themselves, many pregnant women use self-medication without adequate safety precautions. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of self-medication among pregnant women on antenatal care follow-up at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods. A cross-sectional study was employed among 400 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital between February 01 and May 30, 2019. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS® (IBM Corporation) version 22. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequency and proportion. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self-medication with a 95% confidence level and p value of 0.05. Results. Among 400 respondents, the prevalence of self-medication during the current pregnancy was 44.8% (95% CI=40.5-50). Among all respondents (400), 38.0% (95% CI=33.3-42.8) and 12.5% (95% CI=9.5-15) used herbal and conventional medicine, respectively. Self-medication showed a significant association with a previous history of self-medication and monthly income. Conclusions. The prevalence of self-medication among pregnant women is considerably high. The previous history of self-medication and monthly income showed a significant association with self-medication. Awareness creation should be done for reproductive-age women on the potential risks of self-medication.

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