scholarly journals Mentally tiring work and type 2 diabetes in women: a 22-year follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Guy Fagherazzi ◽  
Gaelle Gusto ◽  
Douae El Fatouhi ◽  
Francesca Romana Mancini ◽  
Beverley Balkau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Incident Cases

Hypothesis Previous work suggested no or inconsistent associations between components of work-related stress and type 2 diabetes risk, but suggested sex-specific differences should be further investigated, as women potentially had higher risks. Methods We analyzed data from 73 517 women, mostly teachers, from the E3N cohort study followed for 22 years (1992–2014), to study the association between mentally tiring work, used as a proxy of job demands, and type 2 diabetes risk. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 4187 incident cases of type 2 diabetes cases were observed. There was a higher type 2 diabetes risk for women with a ‘Very mentally tiring work’ when compared to women with ‘Little or not mentally tiring work’ (HR = 1.21 (1.09–1.35)). This association was independent of unhealthy lifestyle and traditional metabolic factors. An interaction between mentally tiring work and BMI was detected (P < 0.0001), with a stronger association being observed in non-overweight women, HR = 1.26 (1.08–1.47) vs HR = 1.14 (0.98, 1.32), in overweight women. Conclusions We observed an increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with mentally tiring work, used as a proxy of job demands. These observational results suggest the importance of taking into consideration the potential long-term metabolic impact of work-related stress for women working in a demanding environment. Increased support for such women should be investigated in intervention studies.

scholarly journals Circulating metabolites and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 11,896 young adults from four Finnish cohorts

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2298-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari V. Ahola-Olli ◽  
Linda Mustelin ◽  
Maria Kalimeri ◽  
Johannes Kettunen ◽  
Jari Jokelainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Future Diabetes

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Metabolomics technologies have identified numerous blood biomarkers for type 2 diabetes risk in case−control studies of middle-aged and older individuals. We aimed to validate existing and identify novel metabolic biomarkers predictive of future diabetes in large cohorts of young adults. Methods NMR metabolomics was used to quantify 229 circulating metabolic measures in 11,896 individuals from four Finnish observational cohorts (baseline age 24–45 years). Associations between baseline metabolites and risk of developing diabetes during 8–15 years of follow-up (392 incident cases) were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and fasting glucose. Prospective metabolite associations were also tested with fasting glucose, 2 h glucose and HOMA-IR at follow-up. Results Out of 229 metabolic measures, 113 were associated with incident type 2 diabetes in meta-analysis of the four cohorts (ORs per 1 SD: 0.59–1.50; p< 0.0009). Among the strongest biomarkers of diabetes risk were branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (OR 1.31–1.33) and triacylglycerol within VLDL particles (OR 1.33–1.50), as well as linoleic n-6 fatty acid (OR 0.75) and non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL particles (OR 0.59). The metabolic biomarkers were more strongly associated with deterioration in post-load glucose and insulin resistance than with future fasting hyperglycaemia. A multi-metabolite score comprised of phenylalanine, non-esterified cholesterol in large HDL and the ratio of cholesteryl ester to total lipid in large VLDL was associated with future diabetes risk (OR 10.1 comparing individuals in upper vs lower fifth of the multi-metabolite score) in one of the cohorts (mean age 31 years). Conclusions/interpretation Metabolic biomarkers across multiple molecular pathways are already predictive of the long-term risk of diabetes in young adults. Comprehensive metabolic profiling may help to target preventive interventions for young asymptomatic individuals at increased risk.

scholarly journals Do adolescent sedentary behavior levels predict type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian A. Scandiffio ◽  
Ian Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The objective was to determine whether time spent in different types of sedentary behavior during adolescence are associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Methods Participants were 3942 adolescents aged 16 years who were part of the 1970 British Cohort Study. Sedentary behavior was assessed using a questionnaire that asked participants to indicate how much time they spent watching TV and videos, using the computer, reading, and doing homework. Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were determined quadrennially until 46 years of age. The association between adolescent sedentary behaviors and type 2 diabetes was determined using Cox proportional hazards regression that controlled for sex, body mass index, sugary beverage consumption, smoking status, physical activity at baseline, and physical activity in adulthood . Results There were 91 incident cases of type 2 diabetes with an incidence rate of 9 cases/10,000 person-years. By comparison to those who watched TV and videos for 2 or less hours/day, type 2 diabetes risk was not different in those who watched for 2.1–4.0 h/day (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.54, 1.47) but was increased by 2.06-fold (95% CI = 1.24, 3.43) in those who watched for more than 4 h/day. Time spent using a computer, reading, and doing homework were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Spending more than 4 h/day watching television and videos at age 16 was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Conversely, using a computer and non-screen based sedentary behaviors were not associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

scholarly journals Work-related stress and Type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Cosgrove ◽  
L. A. Sargeant ◽  
R. Caleyachetty ◽  
S. J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Stress

scholarly journals Life-course trajectories of weight and their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Yacamán-Méndez ◽  
Ylva Trolle-Lagerros ◽  
Minhao Zhou ◽  
Antonio Monteiro Ponce de Leon ◽  
Hrafnhildur Gudjonsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractAlthough exposure to overweight and obesity at different ages is associated to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, the effect of different patterns of exposure through life remains unclear. We aimed to characterize life-course trajectories of weight categories and estimate their impact on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. We categorized the weight of 7203 participants as lean, normal or overweight at five time-points from ages 7–55 using retrospective data. Participants were followed for an average of 19 years for the development of type 2 diabetes. We used latent class analysis to describe distinctive trajectories and estimated the risk ratio, absolute risk difference and population attributable fraction (PAF) associated to different trajectories using Poisson regression. We found five distinctive life-course trajectories. Using the stable-normal weight trajectory as reference, the stable overweight, lean increasing weight, overweight from early adulthood and overweight from late adulthood trajectories were associated to higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The estimated risk ratios and absolute risk differences were statistically significant for all trajectories, except for the risk ratio of the lean increasing trajectory group among men. Of the 981 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, 47.4% among women and 42.9% among men were attributable to exposure to any life-course trajectory different from stable normal weight. Most of the risk was attributable to trajectories including overweight or obesity at any point of life (36.8% of the cases among women and 36.7% among men). The overweight from early adulthood trajectory had the highest impact (PAF: 23.2% for woman and 28.5% for men). We described five distinctive life-course trajectories of weight that were associated to increased risk of type 2 diabetes over 19 years of follow-up. The variability of the effect of exposure to overweight and obesity on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was largely explained by exposure to the different life-course trajectories of weight.

Abstract MP037: Plasma Organochlorine Concentration and Risk of Diabetes: the Nurses' Health Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wu ◽  
Kimberly A Bertrand ◽  
Anna L Choi ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Francine Laden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Animal experiments have suggested that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may lead to increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Although recent human studies supported this hypothesis, evidence from prospective investigations is sparse. Objective: To examine the associations of plasma POP concentrations with risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective setting among US women. Methods: Study population was comprised of participants from two independent nested case-control studies in the Nurses’ Health Study, in which major polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB 118, 138, 153, and 180), p-p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured. A non-parametric approach was used to derive standardized scores for plasma concentrations of lipid-adjusted POPs within each study to minimize between-study variation of the POP measurements. Risk of incident type 2 diabetes during the follow-up period (1990-2008) across the tertiles of the scores was examined. Results: Of 1,120 participants, we identified 48 incident type 2 diabetes cases. After adjusting for covariates assessed at blood draw in 1990, including smoking status, body mass index, and total fish intake, plasma HCB concentration was positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 2.77 (1.17, 6.55, P for trend =0.022) comparing the highest vs. lowest tertile. Other POPs were not significantly associated with diabetes: the ORs (95% CI) were 1.10 (0.51, 2.34, P for trend =0.81) for p-p'-DDE, 0.93 (0.44, 1.95, P for trend =0.86) for DDT, and 0.88 (0.39, 1.97, P for trend =0.76) for sum of the 4 major PCBs, comparing the extreme tertiles. Conclusion: The significant association of plasma HCB concentration with diabetes risk supports a role of POP exposure in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. More prospective data are warranted to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Genetic determinants of increased body mass index mediate the effect of smoking on increased risk for type 2 diabetes but not coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (19) ◽  
pp. 3327-3337
Author(s):  
Christopher S Thom ◽  
Zhuoran Ding ◽  
Michael G Levin ◽  
Scott M Damrauer ◽  
Kyung Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cad Risk

Abstract Clinical observations have linked tobacco smoking with increased type 2 diabetes risk. Mendelian randomization analysis has recently suggested smoking may be a causal risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, this association could be mediated by additional risk factors correlated with smoking behavior, which have not been investigated. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could help to explain the association between smoking and diabetes risk. First, we confirmed that genetic determinants of smoking initiation increased risk for type 2 diabetes (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15–1.27, P = 1 × 10−12) and coronary artery disease (CAD; OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16–1.26, P = 2 × 10−20). Additionally, 2-fold increased smoking risk was positively associated with increased BMI (~0.8 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98 kg/m2, P = 1.8 × 10−11). Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses showed that BMI accounted for nearly all the risk smoking exerted on type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11, P = 0.03). In contrast, the independent effect of smoking on increased CAD risk persisted (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08–1.17, P = 3 × 10−8). Causal mediation analyses agreed with these estimates. Furthermore, analysis using individual-level data from the Million Veteran Program independently replicated the association of smoking behavior with CAD (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.12–1.37, P = 2 × 10−5), but not type 2 diabetes (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89–1.08, P = 0.69), after controlling for BMI. Our findings support a model whereby genetic determinants of smoking increase type 2 diabetes risk indirectly through their relationship with obesity. Smokers should be advised to stop smoking to limit type 2 diabetes and CAD risk. Therapeutic efforts should consider pathophysiology relating smoking and obesity.

scholarly journals Pure Fruit Juice and Fruit Consumption Are Not Associated with Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes after Adjustment for Overall Dietary Quality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands (EPIC-NL) Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1470-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor R Scheffers ◽  
Alet H Wijga ◽  
W M Monique Verschuren ◽  
Yvonne T van der Schouw ◽  
Ivonne Sluijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Prospective Investigation

ABSTRACT Background Dietary guidelines on pure fruit juice consumption vary from country to country regarding the inclusion of pure fruit juice in the recommendations as an acceptable alternative for fruit. Current epidemiological evidence on the association between pure fruit juice consumption and diabetes risk is scarce. Objective We studied the association of both pure fruit juice and fruit consumption with diabetes risk and investigated the differences between low and high fruit consumers in the association of pure fruit juice consumption with diabetes risk. Methods This prospective cohort study included 36,147 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands (EPIC-NL) Study aged 20–69 y at baseline. Fruit juice and fruit consumption were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire; amounts of consumption were divided into 5 categories and quintiles, respectively. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were mainly self-reported and verified against medical records. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs. Results After an average follow-up of 14.6 y, 1477 verified incident cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. Compared with no consumption, pure fruit juice consumption was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes, with adjusted HRs ranging from 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.09) to 1.03 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.26). The associations did not differ between participants with low and high fruit consumption. None of the categories of fruit consumption were associated with type 2 diabetes (lowest quintile as reference). Adjusted HRs ranged between 0.93 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.10) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.19). Adjustment for the Dutch Healthy Diet Index, as an overall measure of dietary quality, strongly attenuated the observed associations of type 2 diabetes with both fruit juice and fruit consumption. Conclusions We found no evidence for associations between pure fruit juice and fruit consumption and diabetes risk after adjustment for overall dietary quality for participants in the EPIC-NL study. This trial was registered at https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6939 as NL6939.

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