Decrease of incidence of toxic nodular goitre in a region of Switzerland after full correction of mild iodine deficiency

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt L Baltisberger ◽  
Christoph E Minder ◽  
Hans Bürgi
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Full Correction ◽  
Toxic Nodular Goitre

Baltisberger BL, Minder CE, Bürgi H. Decrease of incidence of toxic nodular goitre in a region of Switzerland after full correction of mild iodine deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:546–9. ISSN 0804–4643 In 1980 the iodide content of salt was increased in Switzerland from 7.5 to 15 mg/kg. This raised the mean urinary iodine excretion from 90 (indicating mild iodine deficiency) to 150 μg/g creatinine. We examined whether this public health measure was followed by a change of the incidence of hyperthyroidism in a defined catchment area of 109 000 persons. Except for a 27% rise in the first year of the new salt, the total incidence of hyperthyroidism declined steadily to reach 44% of the control level in 1988/89. This was due to a decrease mostly of toxic nodular goitre (minus 73%), less so of Graves' disease (minus 33%). We conclude that correction of mild iodine deficiency has beneficial effects on the incidence of hyperthyroidism, contrary to what is seen initially after correction of severe deficiency. H Bürgi, Department of Medicine, Bürgerspital, CH-4500 Solothurn, Switzerland

scholarly journals Urinary iodine and other iodine deficiency indicators in a sample of school-age children in Egypt

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-870
Author(s):  
F. A. El Mougi ◽  
S. Abdel Ghaffar ◽  
N. A. F. Fayek ◽  
M. S. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Sufficient data relating urinary iodine excretion in children to other iodine deficiency indicators are lacking in Egypt. We assayed urinary iodine concentration and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], thyroglobulin, free triiodothyronine [T3] and free tetraiodothyronine in 99 school-aged Egyptian children. Goitre was found in 25 children. Median urinary iodine concentration was 70 micro g/L. We found mild iodine deficiency [50-99 micro g/L] in 60.6% of the children and moderate to severe deficiency [< 50 micro g/L] in 31.3%. The latter showed a high frequency of goitre and elevated mean serum free T3, TSH and thyroglobulin levels. Individual urinary iodine excretion rates vary, therefore these other indicators could help in screening for iodine deficiency at an individual level, especially in moderate to severe deficiency

Iodized salt prophylaxis of endemic goiter: an experience in Toscana (Italy)

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Aghini-Lombardi ◽  
A Pinchera ◽  
L Antonangeli ◽  
T Rago ◽  
GF Fenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Legislative Measures

It is well established that iodine supplementation is effective in correcting iodine deficiency and reducing goiter prevalence. In Italy, legislation has allowed the production of iodized salt since 1972, but its consumption is on a voluntary basis. In the present study, the efficacy of legislative measures that made compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores has been evaluated. Urinary iodine excretion and thyroid size, scored according to Pan American Health Organization recommendations, were determined prior to (1981) and 10 years after (1991) the introduction of legislative measures in the whole schoolchildren population residing in a restricted area of the Tuscan Appennines. Moreover, in 1991, thyroid volume was determined by ultrasonography. In 1981, mean urinary iodine excretion was 47.1±22.4 mg/kg creatinine (0.412 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence was 60%, indicating a moderate iodine deficiency. Eighty of the families subsequently used iodized salt on a regular basis; as a result of this excellent compliance, in 1991 the mean urinary iodine excretion increased to 129.7±73 mg/kg creatinine (1.24 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence dropped to 8.1%. The results of this study underline the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in correcting iodine deficiency and abating endemic goiter in schoolchildren, and suggest that implementation of measures that make compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores overcomes the fact that there is no law governing the exclusive production and trading of iodized salt.

Goiter Prevalence and Urinary Iodine Excretion in Schoolchildren of Jordan

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kharabsheh ◽  
Belbesi ◽  
Qarqash ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Monitoring Survey

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are considered a major health problem in the eastern Mediterranean region. In Jordan, an IDD assessment was performed in 1993 following which, a salt iodization and consumption program was implemented and a monitoring survey performed in 2000. In schoolchildren 8 to 10 years of age (2457 in 1993 and 2601 in 2000) goiter was graded according to WHO classification. Urinary iodine was measured in 10% of the children in 1993 and in all of them in 2000. Percent of iodine consumption in households was assessed by rapid kit test in 2000. Prevalence of goiter was 37.7 and 32.1% and median urinary iodine was 40 and 154 mug/L, in 1993 and 2000, respectively. Before salt iodization, the prevalence of goiter and severity of iodine deficiency was more pronounced in rural regions and in the southern part of Jordan. In 2000, all but one governorate had a median urinary iodine (MUI) of above 100 mug/L. The percentage of urinary iodine levels < 50 mug in two governorates was > 20%. Iodine consumption rate of households was 88.3% throughout the country, but was < 70% in three governorates. It is concluded that moderate and severe IDD existed before 1993 in Jordan. Although the iodized salt program has been successful in optimizing MUI, the program for the control of IDD needs further improvement.

Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Mityukova ◽  
LN Astakhova ◽  
LD Asenchyk ◽  
MM Orlov ◽  
L VanMiddlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Mityukova TA, Astakhova LN, Asenchyk LD, Orlov MM, VanMiddlesworth L. Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:216–7. ISSN 0804–4643. Casual urine samples were collected to determine iodine excretion of 1680 Belarus children during 1990–1994. The subjects, 8–16 years old, were from nine different regions of Belarus; 60% were from the Gomel oblast, which has been associated with relatively high levels of radioiodine fallout and increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Most of the median values indicate borderline/low iodine intake or mild iodine deficiency. Ranges were wide but 163 children excreted < 20 μgI/l urine and they should be considered severely deficient in iodine. L VanMiddlesworth, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA

scholarly journals Urinary iodine excretion in urine samples among children in Dang district, Gujarat

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2339
Author(s):  
Rahul Damor ◽  
Jatin Chhaya ◽  
Sukesha Gamit ◽  
Jayant Patel ◽  
J. K. Kosambiya
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal human growth and development as it is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones produced by thyroid glands. The sicknesses occurred due to deficiencies of iodine in the nutrition are termed iodine deficiency disorders. Urinary iodine concentration is the prime indicator of a person’s nutritional iodine status. So, the aim of this study was to assess the status of iodine deficiency based on median urinary iodine excretion.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was carried out among purposively selected primary schools of the Dang district. All students between the age group of 6 to 12 years who were present on the day of visit were included in the study. A total 387 urine samples were collected during the period of August 2015 to September 2016.Results: Based on median urinary iodine excretion, among total analysed samples, about 6.5% samples confirmed severe iodine deficiency, 22% samples showed moderate iodine deficiency and about 36% samples indicated mild iodine deficiency. About one third (31.3%) samples suggested optimum iodine intake. Only few samples (4.4%) revealed more than required iodine intake.Conclusions: About one third (31.3%) of the surveyed population had adequate iodine intake while majority (64.4%) of them had inadequate iodine intake. 

scholarly journals Determination of Urinary Iodine Excretion to Assess Iodine Deficiency Disorder among Pregnant Women in District Hospital of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Anand Ballabh Joshi ◽  
Chitra Kumar Gurung ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion

 Pregnant women and infants are risk populations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Therefore, this study was designed to explore the status of IDD among pregnant women through the analysis of urinary iodine excretion (UIE). A total of 94 pregnant women from Chautara Hospital Sindhupalchowk were included to analyze UIE through Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction. Although the general clinical status of women was satisfactory, the urinary iodine excretion revealed that still, 18.0 percent of pregnant women in Sindhupalchowk had insufficient iodine intake. This indicates that pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency disorder, and they should be in the priority population for the IDD prevention program.

Current Status of Iodine Deficiency in Mongolia in 1998-1999

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Yamada ◽  
D. Oyunchimeg ◽  
P. Enkhtuya ◽  
A. Erdenbat ◽  
A. Buttumur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
Iodine Excretion

In 1992, the Mongolian government conducted a nationwide palpation study of the thyroid glands, and the study showed an overall goiter rate of 30%. As a result of this, the Mongolian Government launched its Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) Elimination Programme in 1996 and its primary strategy was salt iodization. In 1998 and 1999, we carried out programme monitoring studies in 11 provinces. The results showed: among schoolchildren, a goiter rate was 22.8% (n=6,535), median values of urinary iodine excretion ranged from 11 μg/l to 256 μg/l (n=1,930), and usage rates of iodized salt (>20 PPM iodine content) in their households ranged from 3% to 82%. We concluded that severe iodine deficiency in 1992 was improved from moderate to mild severity a few years later by salt iodization. However, stronger official commitments and community participation are needed to improve the programme so that iodized salt will be made more widely available. Asia Pac JPublic Health 2000;12(2): 79-84

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency among Italian children and adolescents assessed through 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Campanozzi ◽  
Irene Rutigliano ◽  
Paolo E Macchia ◽  
Gianpaolo De Filippo ◽  
Antonio Barbato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iodine Excretion

ABSTRACTBackgroundIodine is an essential micronutrient for intellectual development in children. Information on iodine intakes based on 24-h urinary iodine excretion (UIE) is scant, because iodine status is only assessed by the measurement of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot urine samples.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate the iodine intake of school-age children and adolescents, using UIE measurement in 24-h urine collections.MethodsThe study population included 1270 healthy subjects (677 boys, 593 girls) aged 6–18 y (mean age ± SD: 10.3 ± 2.9) from 10 Italian regions. Daily iodine intake was estimated as UIE/0.92, based on the notion that $\sim$92% of the dietary iodine intake is absorbed. The adequacy of intakes was assessed according to the Dietary Reference Values for iodine of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Body mass index (BMI) and UIC were also measured for each subject.ResultsBased on the scientific opinion of EFSA, 600 of 1270 subjects (47.2%) had a lower than adequate iodine intake, with a higher prevalence among girls (54.6%) compared with boys (40.2%) (P < 0.001). Although UIE and 24-h urinary volumes increased with age (P < 0.001), a progressive decrease in the percentage of subjects with iodine excretion <100 µg/24 h (P < 0.001) was observed, without any significant difference in the percentage of subjects with UIC <100 µg/L. No significant association was detected between BMI z-score and UIE (P = 0.603) or UIC (P = 0.869).ConclusionsA sizable proportion of our population, especially girls, appeared to be at risk of iodine inadequacy. The simple measurement of UIC could lead to underestimation of the occurrence of iodine deficiency in younger children, because of the age-related smaller urine volumes producing spuriously higher iodine concentrations.

scholarly journals Low-Iodine Diet for Producing Iodine Deficiency in Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH McIntosh ◽  
GB Jones ◽  
DA Howard ◽  
GB Belling ◽  
BJ Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Thyroid Uptake ◽  
Iodine Excretion

A low-iodine diet has been prepared for rats, using locally available low-iodine ingredients. On analysis it has been shown to consistently contain 15-20 ng iodine/g. When fed to growing female rats, this diet produced severe iodine deficiency while not significantly affecting growth or reproduction. The deficiency was manifested by a fall in daily urinary iodine excretion (to less than 1 JIg/day) and a seven-fold increase in thyroid uptake (1311) observable within 3 months. Levels of plasma thyroxine (T 4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) continued to change for 4-5 months, T 4 falling from 69�9 to 7�5 nmol/l and TSH increasing seven-fold from a control value of 364 to 2406 ng/ml. Goitre was present in all iodine-deficient rats and iodine content in the thyroid was 10 % of the control value.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE LEVELS AND URINARY IODINE EXCRETION AND SERUM THYROTROPHIN CONCENTRATIONS IN SUBJECTS FROM AN ENDEMIC GOITRE AREA IN CENTRAL JAVA

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hennemann ◽  
R. Djokomoeljanto ◽  
R. Docter ◽  
B. M. Goslings ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Urinary 127I excretion, 24 h thyroid 131I uptake and serum values of thyrotrophin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and protein-bound iodine (PBI) were measured in subjects from an area with severe (Segni) and moderate (Londjong) iodine deficiency. In Segni, 90 non-cretinous subjects and 40 cretins were studied. In both sub-groups from Segni non-compensated iodine deficiency was found. Although iodine excretion in these sub-groups was the same (mean: ± sd, 127I μg per g creatinine; non-cretins 16.9 ± 10.1 and cretins 15.2 ± 8.0) thyroid hormone serum levels were less in the cretins probably due to additional primary thyroid failure. In the subjects (non-cretins plus cretins) from Segni a positive relationship (r=0.39, P < 0.001) was found between urinary 127I excretion and serum PBI. Moreover in the same subjects a negative correlation was found between serum PBI and TSH (r=0.43; P < 0.001) while serum T3 did not correlate with TSH. In the Londjong area (mean ± sd 127I urinary excretion: 41.6 ± 18.6 μg per g creatinine) iodine deficiency appeared to be compensated in 52 subjects studied since mean serum levels of TSH, PBI and T3 were within normal range. No correlation between PBI and serum TSH was found. PBI too did not correlate with iodine excretion despite the fact that 37 subjects excreted less than 48 μg 127I per g creatinine below which value iodine excretion varied in all but one of the studied subjects from Segni. It is suggested on the basis of a difference in the average iodine intake between the groups from Segni and Londjong, that lack of "iodine buffer capacity" of the thyroid gland in the Segni subjects leads to a situation where changes in iodine intake are readily reflected in T4 production resulting in the correlation found between PBI and urinary excretion in this group.

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