scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and estimates of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in a population sample of 380 healthy young Caucasians

1999 ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Echwald ◽  
JO Clausen ◽  
T Hansen ◽  
SA Urhammer ◽  
L Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: Circulating leptin levels correlate positively with the degree of obesity and prolonged hyperinsulinaemia increases serum leptin levels. Moreover, insulin secreting beta-cells express functional leptin receptors indicating a functional relationship between leptin and insulin. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and measures of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in a population-based sample of 380 young healthy Caucasians. DESIGN AND METHODS: Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyse the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and levels of fasting serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index and acute insulin response (AIR) in a population-based study of 380 young healthy Caucasians who underwent a combined intravenous glucose and tolbutamide tolerance test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum leptin levels were positively correlated to measures of adiposity and were 3.2 times higher in women than in men (P<0.00001). In multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, percentage body fat, waist circumference and maximal aerobic capacity, a significant positive correlation was observed between the fasting serum leptin concentrations and both fasting serum insulin levels (P<0.0001) and AIR (P = 0.014) for women. No significant interrelation of these variables was found in men. However, for both genders a significant negative correlation was observed between fasting serum leptin levels and measures of insulin sensitivity index (P = 0.007).

scholarly journals Glucose Intolerance after a Recent History of Gestational Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Benhalima ◽  
Liesbeth Leuridan ◽  
Peggy Calewaert ◽  
Roland Devlieger ◽  
Johan Verhaeghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Screening Strategy ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
History Of

Aim. Our aim was to evaluate the uptake of our current screening strategy postpartum and the risk factors for glucose intolerance in women with a recent history of gestational diabetes (GDM).Methods. Retrospective analysis of files of women with a recent history of GDM diagnosed with the Carpenter and Coustan criteria from 01-01-2010 till 31-12-2013. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.Results. Of all 231 women with a recent history of GDM, 21.4% (46) did not attend the scheduled postpartum OGTT. Of the women tested, 39.1% (66) had glucose intolerance and 5.3% (9) had diabetes. These women were more often overweight (39.7% versus 25.3%,P= 0.009), were more often treated with basal-bolus insulin injections (52.0% versus 17.4%,P= 0.032), and had a lower beta-cell function and lower insulin sensitivity, remaining significant after adjustment for age, BMI, and ethnicity (insulin secretion sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2) in pregnancy 1.5 ± 0.5 versus 1.7 ± 0.4,P= 0.029; ISSI-2 postpartum 1.5 (1.2–1.9) versus 2.2 (1.8–2.6),P= 0.020; Matsuda index postpartum 3.8 (2.6–6.2) versus 6.0 (4.3–8.8),P= 0.021).Conclusion. Glucose intolerance is frequent in early postpartum and these women have a lower beta-cell function and lower insulin sensitivity. One fifth of women did not attend the scheduled OGTT postpartum.

Association between Genetic Polymorphisms of β-Cell Differentiation Genes and Insulin Resistance (β-Cell Dysfunction) in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Survivors.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4281-4281
Author(s):  
Pacharapan Surapolchai ◽  
Suradej Hongeng ◽  
Samart Pakakasama ◽  
Pat Mahachoklertwattana ◽  
Angkana Winaichatsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background: The purposes of the study were to determine β-cell function and insulin sensitivity after ALL therapy cessation and the association between genetic polymorphisms of β-cell differentiation genes, TCF7L2 and PAX4, with insulin resistance (β-cell dysfunction) in childhood ALL survivors. Methods: Childhood ALL patients diagnosed during 1997–2004 finished the treatment for at least 6 months. The oral glucose tolerance test and lipid screening were performed. Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus (DM) were defined according to WHO criteria. β-cell function was estimated by homeostasis model assessment β-cell (HOMA β-cell) and insulinogenic index (IGI) and insulin sensitivity was estimated by whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI). The polymorphisms of TCF7L2 (rs12255372 and rs7903146) and PAX4 (A1186C) were genotyped and assessed for the association between these polymorphisms and the β-cell function and the insulin sensitivity. Results: 126 patients were studied (52 females, 74 males and age at the time of study; 4–20 yrs). 116 patients (92%) had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) while the others 10 patients (8%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Comparing between IGT and NGT groups respectively, we found statistically significant differences in age at the diagnosis (7.5 and 5.2 yrs, p=0.041), age at the study (14 and 10.3 yrs, p=0.001), the duration of post ALL therapy cessation (43 and 26 months, p=0.015), and insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) (5.75 and 9.52, p<0.001). HOMA β-cell and IGI were not different between NGT and IGT group (190.8 and 139.5, p=0.332; 23.6 and 15.8, p=0.310, respectively). Moreover, 32 of 126 patients (25%) had insulin resistance (modified from the criteria of WBISI in obese children and adolescents). These 32 patients who had insulin resistance demonstrated significant pictures of metabolic syndrome i.e. hypertriglyceridemia (116.6 and 85.4 mg/dL, p=0.036), low HDL-C (43.0 and 48.3 mg/dL, p=0.015), obesity (BMI SDS 1.03 and 0.38, p=0.044) and were also older age at the study (12.8 and 9.9 yrs, p<0.001). The genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of polymorphisms of TCF7L2 and PAX4 genes between IGT and NGT groups and between insulin resistance and nonresistance were not difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The childhood ALL survivors who had IGT were associated with the longer duration of ALL therapy cessation, the older age at diagnosis and at the time of study, and insulin resistance while β-cell function was still relatively preserved. Long-term childhood ALL survivors have potential risks of IGT, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Our findings with such small representatives are not yet applicable to associate TCF7L2 and PAX4 polymorphisms with the insulin resistance (β-cell dysfunction) in the childhood ALL survivors.

Estimation of β-cell function from the data of the oral glucose tolerance test

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. E1575-E1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sakaue ◽  
Shinji Ishimaru ◽  
Daisuke Ikeda ◽  
Yoshinori Ohtsuka ◽  
Toshiro Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
The Relationship

Although a hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity has been shown, the relationship has been often questioned. We examined the relationship using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived indexes. A total of 374 Japanese subjects who had never been given a diagnosis of diabetes underwent a 75-g OGTT. In subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), the ln [insulinogenic index (IGI)] was described by a linear function of ln ( x) ( x, insulin sensitivity index) in regression analysis when the reciprocal of the insulin resistance index in homeostasis model assessment, Matsuda's index, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity index were used as x. Because the 95% confidence interval of the slope of the regression line did not necessarily include −1, the relationships between IGI and x were not always hyperbolic, but power functions IGI × xα = a constant. We thought that IGI × xα was an appropriate β-cell function estimate adjusted by insulin sensitivity and referred to it as β-cell function index (BI). When Matsuda's index was employed as x, the BI values were decreased in subjects without NGT. Log BI had a better correlation with fasting plasma glucose (PG; FPG) and 2-h PG in non-NGT subjects than in NGT subjects. In subjects with any glucose tolerance, log BI was linearly correlated with 1-h PG and glucose spike (the difference between maximum PG and FPG). In conclusion, the relationship between insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity was not always hyperbolic. The BI is a useful tool in the estimation of β-cell function with a mathematical basis.

scholarly journals Advancing Dinner Timing Is an Effective Strategy in Improving Glucose Tolerance in Free-Living Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 585-585
Author(s):  
Hassan Dashti ◽  
Jesus Lopez ◽  
Céline Vetter ◽  
Millán Pérez-Ayala ◽  
Juan Carlos Baraza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Free Living

Abstract Objectives Eating at times that conflict with our physiology and coincide with the biological evening has been associated with increased disease risk. In free-living adults from the ONTIME-MT study (#NCT03036592) study, we tested the hypothesis that advancing the timing of dinner relative to bedtime, simulated by advancing an evening oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), will result in improved glucose control. Methods In a randomized, cross-over study design, following an 8h fast, each participant underwent two evening 2-hour 75-gram oral OGTT: early and late (4h vs. 1h prior to habitual bedtime), simulating early and late dinner timing. Habitual bedtime was determined using one-week of electronic sleep logs via smartphone application. The OGTT order was randomized and separated by 1-week washout period. Light intensity was kept bright (≥450 lux) and dim (0–25 lux) in the early and late conditions, respectively. Melatonin was assessed at the start and end of each OGTT by radioimmunoassay. Postprandial glucose and insulin were determined using incremental area under the curve (AUC). Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were evaluated using standard metrices: insulin sensitivity index (ISI), corrected insulin response (CIR), and disposition index (DI). Values were compared using paired t-tests and differences were considered significant at P &lt; 0.05. Results A total of 750 participants (mean age = 37 ± 14; 70% female; mean BMI = 26.12 ± 5.66) underwent OGTTs in two evening timing conditions. As expected, melatonin levels were higher in the late vs. early condition (4.49 ± 4.15-fold lower in the early vs. late meal condition. In the early condition, there was an 8.68% lower AUC for glucose (P = .0001) and 4.4% higher insulin AUC (P = 0.059), relative to the late condition. In addition, the CIR was 16% (P = .0001) higher and the DI was higher by 20% (P = .014) in the early compared to the late condition. The ISI was similar in both conditions (P = 0.66). Conclusions In this large study, glucose tolerance was better during early vs. late evening OGTT. Better glucose tolerance was primarily attributed to improved insulin secretion and beta-cell function. These results indicate that for the general population, advancing dinner relative to bedtime may be a novel and an effective strategy to improve glucose tolerance. Funding Sources ONTIME-MT was funded by the NIH R01 grant R01DK105072.

Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in human subjects. Evidence for a hyperbolic function

Diabetes ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1663-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Kahn ◽  
R. L. Prigeon ◽  
D. K. McCulloch ◽  
E. J. Boyko ◽  
R. N. Bergman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
The Relationship

Gender-dependent effects of exercise training on serum leptin levels in humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. E562-E566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
J. A. Houmard ◽  
R. V. Considine ◽  
G. L. Tyndall ◽  
J. B. Midgette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Body Fat Content

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is elevated in obese humans and appears to be closely related to body fat content. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on systemic leptin levels in humans. Eighteen sedentary middle-aged men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) who did not differ in aerobic capacity (29.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.5 +/- 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or insulin sensitivity index (3.41 +/- 1.12 vs. 4.88 +/- 0.55) were studied. Fat mass was significantly lower in females vs. males (21.83 +/- 2.25 vs. 26.99 +/- 2.37 kg, P < 0.05). Despite this, fasting serum leptin was significantly higher in the females vs. males (18.27 +/- 2.55 vs. 9.88 +/- 1.26 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Serum leptin concentration decreased 17.5% in females (P < 0.05) after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training (4 day/wk, 30-45 min/day) but was not significantly reduced in males. Fat mass was not altered after training in either group. In contrast, both aerobic capacity (+13% males, +9.1% females) and insulin sensitivity (+35% males, +82% females) were significantly improved subsequent to training. These data suggest that 1) women have higher circulating leptin concentrations despite lower fat mass and 2) exercise training appears to have a greater effect on systemic leptin levels in females than in males.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Serum Testosterone, Leptin,Interleukin-6 (il-6) Level and Insulin Sensitivity in Non-obese and Obese Male Subjects in Magway Region, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mya Thanda Sein ◽  
Zarchi Theint-Theint Hlaing ◽  
Thurein - Zaw ◽  
Yin Thu Theint ◽  
Soe Minn Htway
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects

Objective: To determine the relationship between insulin resistance and related variables (serum testosterone, interleukin (IL-6) and leptin level) in obese and non-obese healthy subjects. Methods: Community-based crosssectional, analytic study was undertaken in 60 subjects for each obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and non-obese group (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) (age;18-45 years) residing in Magway Township from December 2016 to December 2017. Serum insulin, testosterone, IL-6 and leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunoassay, and serum fasting glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. Insulin sensitivity was calculated by HOMA formula (Homeostatic Model Assessment). Results:HOMA-IR, serum leptin and IL-6 level were significantly higher in obese group while serum testosterone level was significantly lower in obese group. There was a significantly correlation between HOMA-IR with leptin (r=0.306, p=0.001), IL-6 (r=0.237, p=0.009) and testosterone (r=-0.209,p=0.02). Moreover, serum leptin was significantly and positively correlated with IL-6 (r=0.391, p<0.001) while serum testosterone was significantly and negatively correlated with leptin (r=-0.408, p<0.001), and IL-6 (r=-0.34, p<0.001).Conclusions:Obese men are more likely to have low testosterone, high inflammatory markers leptin and Il-6, which were associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. 

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