An oral high dose of cholecalciferol restores vitamin D status in deficient postmenopausal HIV-1 infected women independently of protease inhibitors therapy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pepe ◽  
Ivano Mezzaroma ◽  
Alessandra Fantauzzi ◽  
Mario Falciano ◽  
Alessandra Salotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hiv 1

An oral high dose of cholecalciferol restores vitamin D status in deficient postmenopausal HIV-1-infected women independently of protease inhibitors therapy: a pilot study

Endocrine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Pepe ◽  
Ivano Mezzaroma ◽  
Alessandra Fantauzzi ◽  
Mario Falciano ◽  
Alessandra Salotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status Impacts Genital Mucosal Immunity and Markers of HIV-1 Susceptibility in Women

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3176
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Anderson ◽  
Andrea R. Thurman ◽  
Neelima Chandra ◽  
Suzanne S. Jackson ◽  
Susana Asin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Hiv 1

While vitamin D insufficiency is known to impact a multitude of health outcomes, including HIV-1, little is known about the role of vitamin D-mediated immune regulation in the female reproductive tract (FRT). We performed a pilot clinical study of 20 women with circulating 25(OH)D levels <62.5 nmol/L. Participants were randomized into either weekly or daily high-dose oral vitamin D supplementation groups. In addition to serum vitamin D levels, genital mucosal endpoints, including soluble mediators, immune cell populations, gene expression, and ex vivo HIV-1 infection, were assessed. While systemic vitamin D levels showed a significant increase following supplementation, these changes translated into modest effects on the cervicovaginal factors studied. Paradoxically, post-supplementation vitamin D levels were decreased in cervicovaginal fluids. Given the strong correlation between vitamin D status and HIV-1 infection and the widespread nature of vitamin D deficiency, further understanding of the role of vitamin D immunoregulation in the female reproductive tract is important.

scholarly journals High-dose vitamin D3 reduces deficiency caused by low UVB exposure and limits HIV-1 replication in urban Southern Africans

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (26) ◽  
pp. 8052-8057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Coussens ◽  
Celeste E. Naude ◽  
Rene Goliath ◽  
George Chaplin ◽  
Robert J. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Hiv 1

Cape Town, South Africa, has a seasonal pattern of UVB radiation and a predominantly dark-skinned urban population who suffer high HIV-1 prevalence. This coexistent environmental and phenotypic scenario puts residents at risk for vitamin D deficiency, which may potentiate HIV-1 disease progression. We conducted a longitudinal study in two ethnically distinct groups of healthy young adults in Cape Town, supplemented with vitamin D3 in winter, to determine whether vitamin D status modifies the response to HIV-1 infection and to identify the major determinants of vitamin D status (UVB exposure, diet, pigmentation, and genetics). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in the majority of subjects in winter and in a proportion of individuals in summer, was highly correlated with UVB exposure, and was associated with greater HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood cells. High-dosage oral vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated HIV-1 replication, increased circulating leukocytes, and reversed winter-associated anemia. Vitamin D3 therefore presents as a low-cost supplementation to improve HIV-associated immunity.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of the Vitamin D Binding Protein Affects Vitamin D Status and Response to Supplementation in Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5483-5498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Enlund-Cerullo ◽  
Laura Koljonen ◽  
Elisa Holmlund-Suila ◽  
Helena Hauta-alus ◽  
Jenni Rosendahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Term Infants

Abstract Context Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D binding protein encoding the GC (group component) gene affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, but their influence on vitamin D status and response to vitamin D supplementation in infants is unknown. Objective To study GC genotype–related differences in 25OHD concentrations and the response to supplementation during a vitamin D intervention study in infants. Design In this randomized controlled trial, healthy term infants received vitamin D3 (10 or 30 μg/d) from 2 weeks to 24 months of age. GC SNPs rs2282679, rs4588, rs7041, and rs1155563 were genotyped. rs4588/7041 diplotype and haplotypes of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041 (Haplo3SNP) and of all four SNPs (Haplo4SNP) were determined. Main Outcome Measures 25OHD measured in cord blood at birth and at 12 and 24 months during intervention. Results A total of 913 infants were included. Minor allele homozygosity of all studied GC SNPs, their combined haplotypes, and rs4588/rs7041 diplotype 2/2 were associated with lower 25OHD concentrations at all time points in one or both intervention groups [analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) P < 0.043], with the exception of rs7041, which did not affect 25OHD at birth. In the high-dose supplementation group receiving 30 μg/d vitamin D3, but not in those receiving 10 µg/d, genotype of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041; diplotype; and Haplo3SNP significantly affected intervention response (repeated measurement ANCOVA Pinteraction < 0.019). Minor allele homozygotes had lower 25OHD concentrations and smaller increases in 25OHD throughout the intervention. Conclusions In infants, vitamin D binding protein genotype affects 25OHD concentration and efficiency of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation.

scholarly journals Adequate Vitamin D Intake but Low Serum Levels in Pediatric Asthma Patients: A Pilot Study, Alberta Children’s Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Howe McKenna ◽  
Tanis R. Fenton ◽  
Mary Noseworthy ◽  
Mark Anselmo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Background. We assessed vitamin D intakes and serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels in pediatric asthma patients on moderate-to-high dose inhaled steroids and compared them to published findings of healthy children in our city.Methods. Parents and/or patients were interviewed to estimate the children’s vitamin D intakes from foods and supplements (using an adapted validated food frequency questionnaire) and asthma duration and management. Vitamin D status: serum 25-hyroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was obtained from the medical records.Results. Vitamin D intakes from food and supplements of the asthma patients (n=20, 742 ± 185 IU/day) were significantly higher compared to healthy Canadian children (n=1442, 229 ± 121 IU/day). Despite higher vitamin D intakes, the children had nonsignificantly lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels compared to the comparison group. Serum 25(OH)D levels increased by 3.6 nmol/L with each 100 IU of vitamin D intake (95% Confidence interval = 2.0–4.0,R2= 0.931, andp=0.001).Conclusion. Since adequate vitamin D status in asthma patients is necessary to support bone mineral accretion, it is important to achieve adequate vitamin D status by checking serum 25(OH)D status and supplement accordingly.

scholarly journals Prevention of post-cardiac surgery vitamin D deficiency in children with congenital heart disease: a pilot feasibility dose evaluation randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dayre McNally ◽  
◽  
Katie O’Hearn ◽  
Dean A. Fergusson ◽  
Jane Lougheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Accrual Rate ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Background The vast majority of children undergoing cardiac surgery have low vitamin D levels post-operative, which may contribute to greater illness severity and worse clinical outcomes. Prior to the initiation of a large phase III clinical trial focused on clinical outcomes, studies are required to evaluate the feasibility of the study protocol, including whether the proposed dosing regimen can safely prevent post-operative vitamin D deficiency in this high-risk population. Methods We conducted a two-arm, double-blind dose evaluation randomized controlled trial in children requiring cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart disease. Pre-operatively, participants were randomized to receive cholecalciferol representing usual care (< 1 year = 400 IU/day, > 1 year = 600 IU/day) or a higher dose approximating the Institute of Medicine tolerable upper intake level (< 1 year = 1600 IU/day, > 1 year = 2400 IU/day). The feasibility outcomes were post-operative vitamin D status (primary), vitamin D-related adverse events, accrual rate, study withdrawal rate, blinding, and protocol non-adherence. Results Forty-six children were randomized, and five withdrew prior to surgery, leaving 41 children (21 high dose, 20 usual care) in the final analysis. The high dose group had higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations both intraoperatively (mean difference + 25.9 nmol/L; 95% CI 8.3–43.5) and post-operatively (mean difference + 17.2 nmol/L; 95% CI 5.5–29.0). Fewer participants receiving high-dose supplementation had post-operative serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations under 50 nmol/L, compared with usual care (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.87). Post-operative vitamin D status was associated with the treatment arm and the number of doses received. There were no cases of hypercalcemia, and no significant adverse events related to vitamin D. While only 75% of the target sample size was recruited (limited funding), the consent rate (83%), accrual rate (1.5 per site month), number of withdrawals (11%), and ability to maintain blinding support feasibility of a larger trial. Conclusions Pre-operative daily high-dose supplementation improved vitamin D status pre-operatively and at time of pediatric ICU admission. The protocol for a more definitive trial should limit enrollment of children with at least 30 days between randomization and surgery to allow adequate duration of supplementation or consider a loading dose. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01838447. Registered on April 24, 2013

Effect of vitamin D3 on duodenal calcium absorption in vivo during early development

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (5) ◽  
pp. G528-G534 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Dostal ◽  
S. U. Toverud
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Loop Technique ◽  
Plasma Calcium Level

The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and vitamin D deficiency on duodenal calcium absorption in suckling and weaned rats was determined by an in situ loop technique. In vitamin D-replete (+D) rats, the linear, or nonsaturable, component of calcium absorption was very efficient in 14-day-old pups and decreased with age until 35 days. The saturable component, which was undetectable in 14-day-old pups, became detectable by 18 days of age and increased until 26 days of age. Calcium absorption was not reduced in vitamin D-deficient (-D) 14-day-old pups as compared with +D pups. A high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the plasma calcium level of +D suckling rats but had no effect on calcium absorption even with milk present in the loop. Weaned -D rats had a reduced saturable component of absorption (P less than 0.01) compared with +D rats. A high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased calcium absorption and plasma calcium levels of -D rats. Our results indicate that during suckling calcium absorption occurs by a process that is insensitive to vitamin D. After weaning both saturable and nonsaturable processes appear to contribute to calcium absorption, and the saturable component can be influenced by vitamin D status or a high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3.

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