An oral high dose of cholecalciferol restores vitamin D status in deficient postmenopausal HIV-1-infected women independently of protease inhibitors therapy: a pilot study

While vitamin D insufficiency is known to impact a multitude of health outcomes, including HIV-1, little is known about the role of vitamin D-mediated immune regulation in the female reproductive tract (FRT). We performed a pilot clinical study of 20 women with circulating 25(OH)D levels <62.5 nmol/L. Participants were randomized into either weekly or daily high-dose oral vitamin D supplementation groups. In addition to serum vitamin D levels, genital mucosal endpoints, including soluble mediators, immune cell populations, gene expression, and ex vivo HIV-1 infection, were assessed. While systemic vitamin D levels showed a significant increase following supplementation, these changes translated into modest effects on the cervicovaginal factors studied. Paradoxically, post-supplementation vitamin D levels were decreased in cervicovaginal fluids. Given the strong correlation between vitamin D status and HIV-1 infection and the widespread nature of vitamin D deficiency, further understanding of the role of vitamin D immunoregulation in the female reproductive tract is important.

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High-dose vitamin D3 reduces deficiency caused by low UVB exposure and limits HIV-1 replication in urban Southern Africans

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1500909112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (26) ◽

pp. 8052-8057 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Anna K. Coussens ◽

Celeste E. Naude ◽

Rene Goliath ◽

George Chaplin ◽

Robert J. Wilkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Cape Town ◽

High Dose ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Uvb Exposure ◽

Hiv 1

Cape Town, South Africa, has a seasonal pattern of UVB radiation and a predominantly dark-skinned urban population who suffer high HIV-1 prevalence. This coexistent environmental and phenotypic scenario puts residents at risk for vitamin D deficiency, which may potentiate HIV-1 disease progression. We conducted a longitudinal study in two ethnically distinct groups of healthy young adults in Cape Town, supplemented with vitamin D3 in winter, to determine whether vitamin D status modifies the response to HIV-1 infection and to identify the major determinants of vitamin D status (UVB exposure, diet, pigmentation, and genetics). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in the majority of subjects in winter and in a proportion of individuals in summer, was highly correlated with UVB exposure, and was associated with greater HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood cells. High-dosage oral vitamin D3 supplementation attenuated HIV-1 replication, increased circulating leukocytes, and reversed winter-associated anemia. Vitamin D3 therefore presents as a low-cost supplementation to improve HIV-associated immunity.

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Genetic Variation of the Vitamin D Binding Protein Affects Vitamin D Status and Response to Supplementation in Infants

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2019-00630 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 5483-5498 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Enlund-Cerullo ◽

Laura Koljonen ◽

Elisa Holmlund-Suila ◽

Helena Hauta-alus ◽

Jenni Rosendahl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Minor Allele ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

High Dose ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽

Term Infants

Abstract Context Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D binding protein encoding the GC (group component) gene affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, but their influence on vitamin D status and response to vitamin D supplementation in infants is unknown. Objective To study GC genotype–related differences in 25OHD concentrations and the response to supplementation during a vitamin D intervention study in infants. Design In this randomized controlled trial, healthy term infants received vitamin D3 (10 or 30 μg/d) from 2 weeks to 24 months of age. GC SNPs rs2282679, rs4588, rs7041, and rs1155563 were genotyped. rs4588/7041 diplotype and haplotypes of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041 (Haplo3SNP) and of all four SNPs (Haplo4SNP) were determined. Main Outcome Measures 25OHD measured in cord blood at birth and at 12 and 24 months during intervention. Results A total of 913 infants were included. Minor allele homozygosity of all studied GC SNPs, their combined haplotypes, and rs4588/rs7041 diplotype 2/2 were associated with lower 25OHD concentrations at all time points in one or both intervention groups [analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) P < 0.043], with the exception of rs7041, which did not affect 25OHD at birth. In the high-dose supplementation group receiving 30 μg/d vitamin D3, but not in those receiving 10 µg/d, genotype of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041; diplotype; and Haplo3SNP significantly affected intervention response (repeated measurement ANCOVA Pinteraction < 0.019). Minor allele homozygotes had lower 25OHD concentrations and smaller increases in 25OHD throughout the intervention. Conclusions In infants, vitamin D binding protein genotype affects 25OHD concentration and efficiency of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation.

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