Associations between exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues, and adiposity in children

Background: Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity in utero have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues within reward regions and adiposity in children. Design: Participants were 159 children ages between 7-11. Repeated 24-hour recalls were conducted to assess mean daily energy intake (EI). A subset of children (N=102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. A priori regions-of-interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist to height ratio (WtHR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. <a></a>Results: Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child’s physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment of daily EI. Pre-pregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI nor food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR and WHR after controlling for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure and child’s physical activity levels. Conclusions: Exposure to GDM in utero, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily energy intake and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity.

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Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children

10.2337/figshare.14109674.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shan Luo ◽

Brendan C. Angelo ◽

Ting Chow ◽

John R. Monterosso ◽

Paul M. Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Cue Reactivity ◽

In Utero ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Food Cues ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Z Scores

Background: Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity in utero have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues within reward regions and adiposity in children. Design: Participants were 159 children ages between 7-11. Repeated 24-hour recalls were conducted to assess mean daily energy intake (EI). A subset of children (N=102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. A priori regions-of-interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist to height ratio (WtHR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. <a></a>Results: Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child’s physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment of daily EI. Pre-pregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI nor food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR and WHR after controlling for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure and child’s physical activity levels. Conclusions: Exposure to GDM in utero, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily energy intake and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity.

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149-OR: In Utero Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Increased Food Intake and Orbital Frontal Cortex Responses to Food Cues

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-149-or ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 149-OR

Author(s):

SHAN H. LUO ◽

BRENDAN C. ANGELO ◽

TING CHOW ◽

JASMIN ALVES ◽

THOMAS A. BUCHANAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Food Intake ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

In Utero ◽

In Utero Exposure ◽

Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽

Food Cues

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Selective morphological and volumetric alterations in the hippocampus of children exposed in utero to gestational diabetes mellitus

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.25390 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kirsten M. Lynch ◽

Jasmin M. Alves ◽

Ting Chow ◽

Kristi A. Clark ◽

Shan Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

In Utero

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Daily branch chained amino acid intakes and the risk of obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-202675/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Yang ◽

Weiqin Li ◽

Wei Li ◽

Huikun Liu ◽

Leishen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Daily Energy

Abstract Background Some studies have found that branched amino acid (BCAA) is associated with the risk of obesity among general population, however, not all the results were consistent. The present study aimed to investigate the association of daily BCAA intakes with the risk of postpartum overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 1263 women with prior GDM at 1–5 years post-delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of daily dietary intakes of BCAAs with the risk of overweight and abdominal obesity. Results The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) across quartiles of daily BCAA intakes were 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.97), 1.00 (reference), 1.21 (95% CI 0.88–1.68), and 1.31 (95% CI 0.95–1.81) for general overweight, and 1.38 (95% CI 0.99–1.90), 1.00, 1.19 (95% CI 0.86–1.64), and 1.43 (95% CI 1.04–1.98) for abdominal obesity, respectively. Only women with the lowest quartile of daily BCAA intakes significantly increased the risks of general overweight (OR 1.49; 95 %CI 1.06–2.09) and abdominal obesity (OR 1.50; 95 %CI 1.08–2.11) compared with women at quartile 2 of daily BCAA intakes after further adjustment of daily energy intake. Conclusions The present study indicated U-shaped associations between daily BCAA intakes and the risk of general overweight and abdominal obesity among women with prior GDM.

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Cardiovascular risk factors in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero: systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174419000850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 599-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maleesa M. Pathirana ◽

Zohra S. Lassi ◽

Claire T. Roberts ◽

Prabha H. Andraweera

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

In Utero

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication that affects one in seven pregnancies. Emerging evidence demonstrates that children born of pregnancies complicated by GDM may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine cardiovascular risk factors in offspring exposed to GDM in utero. PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched. Information was extracted on established CVD risk factors including blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose, fasting insulin, body mass index (BMI), and endothelial/microvascular function. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018094983). Prospective and retrospective studies comparing offspring exposed to GDM compared to controls (non-GDM pregnancies) were considered. We included studies that defined GDM based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) definition, or prior definitions. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were done by two independent reviewers. The data were pooled using a random-effects model. Of 59 eligible studies, 24 were included in the meta-analysis. Offspring exposed to GDM had higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference (MD): 1.75 mmHg, 95% CI 0.57–2.94; eight studies, 7264 participants), BMI z-score (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.20; nine studies, 8759 participants), and glucose (standard MD 0.43, 95% CI 0.08–0.77; 11 studies, 6423 participants) than control participants. In conclusion, offspring exposed to GDM have elevated systolic blood pressure, BMI, and glucose. Those exposed to GDM in utero may benefit from early childhood blood pressure measurements.

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Glucose Intolerance and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Utero

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2008-0158 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 1229-1234 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

W. H. Tam ◽

R. C. W. Ma ◽

X. Yang ◽

G. T. C. Ko ◽

P. C. Y. Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

In Utero

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy Increased Erythropoietin Level Affecting Differentiation Potency of Haematopoietic Stem Cell of Umbilical Cord Blood

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.727179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽

Fazlina Nordin ◽

Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽

S. Fadilah Abd Wahid

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

In Utero ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Control Group

Background: The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes.Methods: UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique.Result: The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors' colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

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