Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children

Background: Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity in utero have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues within reward regions and adiposity in children. Design: Participants were 159 children ages between 7-11. Repeated 24-hour recalls were conducted to assess mean daily energy intake (EI). A subset of children (N=102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. A priori regions-of-interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist to height ratio (WtHR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were assessed. <a></a>Results: Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child’s physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment of daily EI. Pre-pregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI nor food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR and WHR after controlling for child’s age, sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure and child’s physical activity levels. Conclusions: Exposure to GDM in utero, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily energy intake and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity.

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Associations between exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero and daily energy intake, brain responses to food cues, and adiposity in children

Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/ey.18.11.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luo S ◽

Angelo BC ◽

Chow T ◽

Monterosso JR ◽

Thompson PM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Energy Intake ◽

In Utero ◽

Food Cues ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Daily Energy

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Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc20-3006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. dc203006

Author(s):

Shan Luo ◽

Brendan C. Angelo ◽

Ting Chow ◽

John R. Monterosso ◽

Paul M. Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Energy Intake ◽

In Utero ◽

Food Cues ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Daily Energy

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Erratum. Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children. Diabetes Care 2021;44:1185–1193

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc21-er10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. dc21er10

Author(s):

Shan Luo ◽

Brendan C. Angelo ◽

Ting Chow ◽

John R. Monterosso ◽

Paul M. Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Diabetes Care ◽

In Utero ◽

Food Cues ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Daily Energy

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Influence of Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption on Redox Status and Inflammatory Signaling in Young Celiac Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Teresa Nestares ◽

Rafael Martín-Masot ◽

Marta Flor-Alemany ◽

Antonela Bonavita ◽

José Maldonado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Young Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Moderate Physical Activity ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Inflammatory Signaling ◽

Daily Energy

The current study was designed to assess the influence of consumption of ultra-processed (UPF) on oxidative/antioxidant balance and evoked inflammatory signaling in young patients with celiac disease (CD). The study included 85 children. The celiac group (n = 53) included children with CD with a long (>18 months, n = 17) or recent (<18 months, n = 36) adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The control group (n = 32) included healthy children with a significantly higher consumption of UPF compared to the control group, both expressed as kcal/day (p = 0.043) and as percentage of daily energy intake (p = 0.023). Among children with CD, the group with the lowest consumption of UPF (below the 50% of daily energy intake) had a greater Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and higher moderate physical activity levels. In addition, CD children with the lowest consumption of UPF had healthier redox (lower soluble superoxide dismutase-1 and 15-F2t-isoprostanes) and inflammatory profiles (lower macrophage inflammatory protein-1α) compared to the group with the highest consumption of UPF (all, p < 0.05) regardless of the time on a GFD. These findings highlight the importance of a correct monitoring of the GFD. An unbalanced GFD with high consumption of UPF and an unhealthy pattern with less physical activity and worse adherence to MD results in a worse inflammatory profile, which could act as a parallel pathway that could have important consequences on the pathophysiology of the disease.

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Discrepancies between energy intake and expenditure in physically active women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19900006 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 23-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Kathleen Mulligan ◽

Gail E. Butterfield

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Lower Intensity ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Physically Active ◽

Food Records ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Maintain Body Weight

Energy intake and expenditure in women runners and non-runners were assessed by weighed food records, evaluation of minute-by-minute activity diaries, and indirect calorimetry. All participants were adapted to their stated activity levels for at least 6 months and maintained a constant body-weight throughout their participation. Calculated daily energy intake equalled calculated expenditure in non-runners (7300 (SD 1536) v. 7476 (SD 872) kJ/d), but calculated energy expenditure in women running about 54 km/week was found to exceed intake by more than 2700 kJ/d (8259 (SD 1466) v. 10963 (SD 1367), P < 0.01). The runners showed no evidence of compensating for the increased energy expenditure associated with running by engaging in lower-intensity activities during non-running time. Further, runners did not decrease energy expended at various activities. The findings suggest that women adapted to high levels of activity may possess mechanisms to maintain body-weight without significantly increasing energy intake.

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Is the Time of Food Consumption Associated with BMI and/or Total Daily Energy Intake?

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e509012013-199 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Roebothan ◽

Joanne Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Daily Energy

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Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 376

Author(s):

Martin Röhling ◽

Andrea Stensitzky ◽

Camila L. P. Oliveira ◽

Andrea Beck ◽

Klaus Michael Braumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Weight Change ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Meal Replacement ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Protein Rich

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss.

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