scholarly journals Pueraria mirifica alleviates cortical bone loss in naturally menopausal monkeys

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donlaporn Kittivanichkul ◽  
Narattaphol Charoenphandhu ◽  
Phisit Khemawoot ◽  
Suchinda Malaivijitnond
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pueraria Mirifica

Since the in vitro and in vivo anti-osteoporotic effects of Pueraria mirifica (PM) in rodents have been verified, its activity in menopausal monkeys was evaluated as required before it can be applicable for human use. In this study, postmenopausal osteoporotic monkeys were divided into two groups (five per group), and fed daily with standard diet alone (PMP0 group) or diet mixed with 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of PM powder (PMP1000 group) for 16 months. Every 2 months, the bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone geometry parameters (cortical area and thickness and periosteal and endosteal circumference) at the distal radius and proximal tibia were determined using peripheral quantitative computed tomography together with plasma and urinary bone markers. Compared with the baseline (month 0) values, the cortical, but not trabecular, BMDs and BMCs and the cortical area and thickness at the metaphysis and diaphysis of the radius and tibia of the PMP0 group continuously decreased during the 16-month study period. In contrast, PMP1000 treatment ameliorated the bone loss mainly at the cortical diaphysis by decreasing bone turnover, as indicated by the lowered plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. Generally, changes in the cortical bone geometry were in the opposite direction to the cortical bone mass after PMP1000 treatment. This study indicated that postmenopausal monkeys continuously lose their cortical bone compartment, and they have a higher possibility for long bone fractures. Oral PMP treatment could improve both the bone quantity (BMC and BMD) and quality (bone geometry).

Effect of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Volumetric Bone Mineral Density and Bone Geometry, Assessed by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Bisphosphonates

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYMEON TOURNIS ◽  
VASILIOS SAMDANIS ◽  
SAVAS PSARELIS ◽  
CHRYSA LIAKOU ◽  
JULIA ANTONIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density

Objective.To investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone geometry in postmenopausal women treated with bisphosphonates.Methods.Fifty-three postmenopausal women with RA and 87 control subjects, comparable in terms of age, body mass index, and years since menopause, underwent peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the nondominant tibia.Results.At 4% (trabecular site), trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) and vBMD (p < 0.001) were lower in the RA group, while trabecular area was comparable. At 38% (cortical site), cortical BMC (p < 0.01), area (p < 0.05), and thickness (p < 0.001) were lower in the RA group, whereas vBMD was comparable. Endosteal circumference was higher (p < 0.05), whereas periosteal circumference was comparable, indicating cancellization of cortical bone. In the RA group, muscle area was lower (p < 0.001), while at 14% polar stress strength index was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in patients with RA, indicating impairment of bone mechanical properties.Conclusion.RA is associated with negative effects on both cortical and cancellous bone in postmenopausal women treated with bisphosphonates. Cortical geometric properties are also adversely affected mainly by increased endosteal circumference, whereas trabecular geometric properties are generally preserved.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of calcium and exercise on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseé Gala ◽  
Manuel Di´az-curiel ◽  
Concepcioó de la Piedra ◽  
Jesu´s Calero
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Ovx Rats

At the level of prevention of bone mineral loss produced by ovariectomy, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect produced by supplementation of Ca in the diet and a moderate exercise programme (treadmill), simultaneously or separately, in ovariectomized rats, an experimental model of postmenopausal bone loss. Female Wistar rats (n110, 15 weeks old) were divided into five groups: (1) OVX, rats ovariectomized at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (2) SHAM, rats sham operated at 15 weeks of age, fed a standard diet; (3) OVX–EX, ovariectomized rats, fed a standard diet and performing the established exercise programme; (4) OVX–Ca, ovariectomized rats fed a diet supplemented with Ca; (5) OVX–EXCa, ovariectomized rats with the exercise programme and diet supplemented with Ca. The different treatments were initiated 1 week after ovariectomy and were continued for 13 weeks for subgroup 1 and 28 weeks for subgroup 2, to look at the interaction of age and time passed from ovariectomy on the treatments. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined, at the end of the study, in the lumbar spine (L2, L3 and L4) and in the left femur using a densitometer. Bone turnover was also estimated at the end of the study, measuring the serum formation marker total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and the resorption marker serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). As expected, OVX rats showed a significant decrease (P<0·05) in BMD, more pronounced in subgroup 2, and a significant increase in AP and TRAP with regard to their respective SHAM group. The simultaneous treatment with Ca and exercise produced the best effects on lumbar and femoral BMD of ovariectomized rats, partially avoiding bone loss produced by ovariectomy, although it was not able to fully maintain BMD levels of intact animals. This combined treatment produced a significant increase in AP, both in subgroups 1 and 2, and a decrease in TRAP in subgroup 1, with regard to OVX group. The exercise treatment alone was able to produce an increase in BMD with regard to OVX group only in subgroup 1 of rats (younger animals and less time from ovariectomy), but not in subgroup 2. In agreement with this, there was an increase of AP in both subgroups, lower than that observed in animals submitted to exercise plus Ca supplement, and a decrease of TRAP in subgroup 1, without significant changes in this marker in the older rats. Ca treatment did not produce any significant effect on BMD in OVX rats in both subgroups of animals, showing a decrease of AP and TRAP levels in the younger animals with no significant variations in markers of bone remodelling in the older female rats compared with their respective OVX group.

scholarly journals Fat Mass Exerts a Greater Effect on Cortical Bone Mass in Girls than Boys

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Sayers ◽  
Jonathan H. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Bone Mass

Abstract Context: It is unclear whether fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) differ in the way they influence cortical bone development in boys and girls. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the contributions of total body FM and LM to parameters related to cortical bone mass and geometry. Design/Setting: We conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants: A total of 4005 boys and girls (mean age, 15.5 yr) participated in the study. Outcome Measures: We measured cortical bone mass, cortical bone mineral content (BMCC), cortical bone mineral density, periosteal circumference (PC), and endosteal circumference by tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Results: LM had a similar positive association with BMCC in boys and girls [regression coefficients with 95% confidence interval (CI); P for gender interactions: boys/girls, 0.952 (0.908, 0.997); P = 0.85]. However, the mechanisms by which LM influenced bone mass differed according to gender because LM was positively associated with PC more strongly in girls [boys, 0.579 (0.522, 0.635); girls, 0.799 (0.722, 0.875); P &lt; 0.0001], but was only associated with cortical bone mineral density in boys [boys, 0.443 (0.382, 0.505); girls, 0.014 (−0.070, 0.097); P &lt; 0.0001]. There was a stronger positive association between FM and BMCC in girls [boys, 0.227 (0.185, 0.269); girls, 0.355 (0.319, 0.392); P &lt; 0.0001]. This reflected both a greater positive association of FM with PC in girls [boys, 0.213 (0.174, 0.253); girls, 0.312 (0.278, 0.347); P = 0.0002], and a stronger negative association with endosteal circumferencePC [boys, −0.059 (−0.096, 0.021); girls, −0.181 (−0.215, −0.146); P &lt; 0.0001]. Conclusions: Whereas LM stimulates the accrual of cortical bone mass to a similar extent in boys and girls, FM is a stronger stimulus for accrual of cortical bone mass in girls, reflecting a greater tendency in females for FM to stimulate periosteal growth and suppress endosteal expansion.

scholarly journals Effect of Rhythmic Gymnastics on Volumetric Bone Mineral Density and Bone Geometry in Premenarcheal Female Athletes and Controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2755-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tournis ◽  
E. Michopoulou ◽  
I. G. Fatouros ◽  
I. Paspati ◽  
M. Michalopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Context and Objective: Weight-bearing exercise during growth exerts positive effects on the skeleton. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that long-term elite rhythmic gymnastics exerts positive effects on volumetric bone mineral density and geometry and to determine whether exercise-induced bone adaptation is associated with increased periosteal bone formation or medullary contraction using tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography and bone turnover markers. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary center. Subjects: We studied 26 elite premenarcheal female rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and 23 female controls, aged 9–13 yr. Main Outcome Measures: We measured bone age, volumetric bone mineral density, bone mineral content (BMC), cortical thickness, cortical and trabecular area, and polar stress strength index (SSIp) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the left tibia proximal to the distal metaphysis (trabecular) at 14, 38 (cortical), and 66% (muscle mass) from the distal end and bone turnover markers. Results: The two groups were comparable according to height and chronological and bone age. After weight adjustment, cortical BMC, area, and thickness at 38% were significantly higher in RG (P &lt; 0.005–0.001). Periosteal circumference, SSIp, and muscle area were higher in RG (P &lt; 0.01–0.001). Muscle area was significantly associated with cortical BMC, area, and SSIp, whereas years of training showed positive association with cortical BMC, area, and thickness independent of chronological age. Conclusions: RG in premenarcheal girls may induce positive adaptations on the skeleton, especially in cortical bone. Increased duration of exercise is associated with a positive response of bone geometry.

Body weight and/or endogenous estradiol as determinants of cortical bone mass and bone loss in healthy early postmenopausal women

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerentia CH van Beresteijn ◽  
Jan PRM van Laarhoven ◽  
Anthony GH Smals
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Early Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cortical Bone Mineral Density

The objective was to study the independent relationships of body mass index and endogenous estradiol to cortical bone mineral density and the rate of cortical bone loss at the radius in healthy early postmenopausal women. Fifty-one healthy early postmenopausal women (aged 58–66 years) participated. The women were a subset of a population participating in a 10-year longitudinal study to elucidate the influence of dietary calcium on the rate of cortical bone loss. Cortical bone mineral density at the radius, body weight and body height were measured annually (1979–89). Concentrations of sex steroids were measured in serum samples collected during the last year of follow-up (1989). Endogenous estradiol levels, although significantly positively correlated with body mass index, were not independently related to bone mass indices of the radius. Body mass index, on the other hand, was found to be positively related to cortical bone mineral density and negatively to the rate of bone loss, even after adjustments had been made for confounding factors. Our results suggest that the level of total estradiol is not an important determinant of cortical bone mass indices in healthy early postmenopausal women. Other factors of overweight such as mechanical loading may be important.

scholarly journals Long-term Bone Loss and Deterioration of Microarchitecture After Gastric Bypass in African American and Latina Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Krez ◽  
Sanchita Agarwal ◽  
Mariana Bucovsky ◽  
Donald J McMahon ◽  
Yizhong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
African American ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Mineral Density

Abstract Context The prevalence of obesity is burgeoning among African American and Latina women; however, few studies investigating the skeletal effects of bariatric surgery have focused on these groups. Objective To investigate long-term skeletal changes following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in African American and Latina women. Design Four-year prospective cohort study. Patients African American and Latina women presenting for RYGB (n = 17, mean age 44, body mass index 44 kg/m2) were followed annually for 4 years postoperatively. Main Outcome Measures Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the spine, hip, and forearm, and body composition. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microarchitecture. Individual trabecula segmentation-based morphological analysis assessed trabecular morphology and connectivity. Results Baseline DXA Z-Scores were normal. Weight decreased ~30% at Year 1, then stabilized. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increased by 50% and 25-hydroxyvitamin D was stable. By Year 4, aBMD had declined at all sites, most substantially in the hip. There was significant, progressive loss of cortical and trabecular vBMD, deterioration of microarchitecture, and increased cortical porosity at both the radius and tibia over 4 years. There was loss of trabecular plates, loss of axially aligned trabeculae, and decreased trabecular connectivity. Whole bone stiffness and failure load declined. Risk factors for bone loss included greater weight loss, rise in PTH, and older age. Conclusions African American and Latina women had substantial and progressive bone loss, deterioration of microarchitecture, and trabecular morphology following RYGB. Further studies are critical to understand the long-term skeletal consequences of bariatric surgery in this population.

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