scholarly journals Plasticity of basal cells during postnatal development in the rat epididymis

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie W C Shum ◽  
Eric Hill ◽  
Dennis Brown ◽  
Sylvie Breton
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cytokeratin 5 ◽  
Rat Epididymis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling

Our previous study has shown that basal cells sense luminal factors by forming a narrow body projection that can cross epithelial tight junctions. As a first step toward characterizing the structural plasticity of basal cells, in this study, we followed their appearance and morphology in the rat epididymis and vas deferens (VD) during postnatal development and examined their modulation by androgens in adulthood. Immunofluorescence labeling for cytokeratin 5 showed that basal cells are absent at birth. They progressively appear in a retrograde manner from the VD and cauda epididymis to the initial segments during the postnatal weeks PNW1–3. At the onset of differentiation, basal cells are in contact with the lumen and their nucleus is located at the same level as that of adjacent epithelial cells. Basal cells then position their nucleus to the base of the epithelium, and while some are still in contact with the lumen, others have a ‘dome-shaped’ appearance. At PNW5–6, basal cells form a loose network at the base of the epithelium, and luminal-reaching basal cells are rarely detected. The arrival of spermatozoa during PNW7–8 did not trigger the development of projections in basal cells. However, cells with a narrow luminal-reaching projection began to reappear between PNW8 and PNW12 in the corpus and the cauda. Treatment with flutamide from PNW10 to PNW12 significantly reduced the number of luminal-reaching basal cell projections. In summary, basal cells exhibit significant structural plasticity during differentiation. Fewer apical-reaching projections were detected after flutamide treatment in adulthood, indicating the role of androgens in the luminal-sensing function of basal cells.

scholarly journals The expression and localization of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 during postnatal development of the pig epididymis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Jae Park ◽  
Ji-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Hack-Youn Kim ◽  
Hee-Bok Park ◽  
Juhui Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Cytokeratin 5 ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
And Storage

Objective: We examined the localization and expression of H<sup>+ pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the epididymis of pigs, expressed in clear and basal cells, respectively, during postnatal development.Methods: Epididymides were obtained from pigs at 1, 7, 21, 60, 120, and 180 days of age; we observed the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the different regions of these organs, namely, the caput, corpus, and cauda. The differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling using cell-type-specific markers and observed using confocal microscopy.Results: At postnatal day 5 (PND5), the localization of clear cells commenced migration from the cauda toward the caput. Although at PND120, goblet-shaped clear cells were detected along the entire length of the epididymis, those labeled for V-ATPase had disappeared from the corpus to cauda and were maintained only in the caput epididymis in adult pigs. In contrast, whereas basal cells labeled for KRT5 were only present in the vas deferens at birth, they were detected in all regions of the epididymis at PND60. These cells were localized at the base of the epithelium; however, no basal cells characterized by luminally extending cell projections were observed in any of the adult epididymides examined.Conclusion: The differentiation of clear and basal cells progressively initiates in a retrograde manner from the cauda to the caput epididymis. The cell-type-specific distribution and localization of the epithelial cells play important roles in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the pig epididymis.

scholarly journals Development and Differentiation of Epididymal Epithelial Cells in Korean Native Black Goat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Yu-Da Jeong ◽  
Yun-Jae Park ◽  
Yeoung-Gyu Ko ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
And Storage

The acidic luminal environment of the epididymis is regulated by the communication networks among epididymal epithelial cells; it is necessary for sperm maturation and storage. To characterize epididymal epithelial cell differentiation, the localization and expression of hydrogen-pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the clear and basal cells, respectively, of immature and mature goat epididymis and vas deferens was examined. The epididymides and vas deferens were obtained from goats aged 1, 2, and 12–14 months. To assess the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the caput, corpus, and cauda of the epididymis and proximal vas deferens, the tissue sections were subjected to immunofluorescence labeling and observed by confocal microscopy. Both clear and basal cells progressively started to differentiate in a retrograde manner. Clear cells disappeared from the cauda region after puberty, and they were maintained only in the caput and corpus regions of the adult goat epididymis. V-ATPase and KRT5 were co-expressed in the differentiated cells located at the base of the epithelium (i.e., basal cells). This cell type-specific differentiation and distribution of the epithelial cells plays a critical role in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the goat epididymis.

scholarly journals Role of nectin in organization of tight junctions in epithelial cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsunori Fukuhara ◽  
Kenji Irie ◽  
Akio Yamada ◽  
Tatsuo Katata ◽  
Tomoyuki Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junctions

Airway epithelial tight junctions and binding and cytotoxicity ofPseudomonas aeruginosa

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. L204-L217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Lee ◽  
Dar Chow ◽  
Brian Haus ◽  
Wanru Tseng ◽  
David Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Basolateral Membranes ◽  
Free Edges

The role of tight junctions in the binding and cytoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosato apical or basolateral membranes of lung airway epithelial cells was tested with fluorescence microscopy on living cells. Binding of noncytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain O1 was assessed with P. aeruginosa that expressed green fluorescent protein. Binding of cytotoxic P. aeruginosa strain 6206 was assessed with FITC-labeled P. aeruginosa; cytotoxicity was determined from nuclear uptake of the impermeant dye propidium iodide. The role of direct contact of P. aeruginosa to epithelial cells was tested with filters with small (0.45-μm) or large (2.0-μm) pores. High transepithelial resistance ( Rt) Calu-3 and cultured bovine tracheal monolayers ( Rt> 1,000 Ω ⋅ cm2) bound P. aeruginosa very infrequently (<1 P. aeruginosa/100 cells) at the apical membrane, but P. aeruginosabound frequently to cells near “free edges” at holes, wounds, islands, and perimeters; cytotoxicity required direct interaction with basolateral membranes. Wounded high Rtepithelia showed increased P. aeruginosa binding and cytotoxicity at the free edges because basolateral membranes were accessible to P. aeruginosa, and dead and living cells near the wound bound P. aeruginosa similarly. Compared with high Rtepithelia, low RtCFT1 ( Rt= 100–200 Ω ⋅ cm2) and EGTA-treated Calu-3 monolayers were 25 times more susceptible to P. aeruginosa binding throughout the monolayer. Cytotoxicity to CFT1 cells (throughout the confluent monolayer, not only at the free edge) occurred after a shorter delay (0.25 vs. 2.0 h) and then five times faster than to Calu-3 cells, indicating that the time course of P. aeruginosa cytotoxicity may be limited by the rate of gaining access through tight junctions and that this occurred faster in low Rtthan in high Rtairway epithelia. Cytotoxicity appeared to occur in a sequential process that led first to a loss of fura 2 and a later uptake of propidium iodide. P. aeruginosa bound three times more frequently to regions between cells (tight junctions?) than to cell membranes of low RtCFT1 cells.

scholarly journals The Interaction of JRAB/MICAL-L2 with Rab8 and Rab13 Coordinates the Assembly of Tight Junctions and Adherens Junctions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Yamamura ◽  
Noriyuki Nishimura ◽  
Hiroyoshi Nakatsuji ◽  
Seiji Arase ◽  
Takuya Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Adherens Junctions ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Endocytic Recycling ◽  
E Cadherin

The assembly of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) is regulated by the transport of integral TJ and AJ proteins to and/or from the plasma membrane (PM) and it is tightly coordinated in epithelial cells. We previously reported that Rab13 and a junctional Rab13-binding protein (JRAB)/molecule interacting with CasL-like 2 (MICAL-L2) mediated the endocytic recycling of an integral TJ protein occludin and the formation of functional TJs. Here, we investigated the role of Rab13 and JRAB/MICAL-L2 in the transport of other integral TJ and AJ proteins claudin-1 and E-cadherin to the PM by using a Ca2+-switch model. Although knockdown of Rab13 specifically suppressed claudin-1 and occludin but not E-cadherin transport, knockdown of JRAB/MICAL-L2 and expression of its Rab13-binding domain (JRAB/MICAL-L2-C) inhibited claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin transport. We then identified Rab8 as another JRAB/MICAL-L2-C-binding protein. Knockdown of Rab8 inhibited the Rab13-independent transport of E-cadherin to the PM. Rab8 and Rab13 competed with each other for the binding to JRAB/MICAL-L2 and functionally associated with JRAB/MICAL-L2 at the perinuclear recycling/storage compartments and PM, respectively. These results suggest that the interaction of JRAB/MICAL-L2 with Rab8 and Rab13 coordinates the assembly of AJs and TJs.

Postnatal Development and Regulation of β-Hexosaminidase in Epithelial Cells of the Rat Epididymis

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Hermo ◽  
Huzaifa I. Adamali ◽  
Jacquetta M. Trasler
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Rat Epididymis

scholarly journals Role of NADH: quinone oxidoreductase-1 in the tight junctions of colonic epithelial cells

BMB Reports ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Taek Nam ◽  
Jung Hwan Hwang ◽  
Dae Hong Kim ◽  
Mi Jung Park ◽  
Ik Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Colonic Epithelial Cells

Role of Epithelial Cells in Initiation and Propagation of Intestinal Inflammation. Eliminating the static: tight junction dynamics exposed

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (4) ◽  
pp. G577-G582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Shen ◽  
Jerrold R. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

Like all mucosal surfaces, the intestine forms a barrier that separates the external environment, i.e., the gut lumen, from the protected internal milieu. The intestinal barrier is formed by the epithelial cells that line the luminal surface. Plasma membranes of these cells prevent free passage of hydrophilic molecules across this barrier but do not seal the space between cells. This function is provided by the tight junction. Each cell is encircled at the apicolateral boundary by the tight junction, which seals the paracellular space. The tight junction does not form a completely impermeant seal, however, because that would prevent paracellular absorption of essential nutrients and ions; intestinal tight junctions are “leaky” and allow solutes to be transported paracellularly according to size and charge. Abundant data are available to demonstrate that barrier properties of tight junctions can be modulated in response to physiological, pharmacological, and pathophysiological stimuli, but the structural modifications responsible for these responses are poorly defined. Recent advances in understanding the role of tight junction dynamics in response to such stimuli are the focus of this review.

Expression of multiple connexins in the rat epididymis indicates a complex regulation of gap junctional communication

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. C33-C43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Dufresne ◽  
Kenneth W. Finnson ◽  
Mary Gregory ◽  
Daniel G. Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Gap Junctional Communication ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Junctional Communication ◽  
Rat Epididymis

In the epididymis, Cx43 forms gap junctions between principal and basal cells but not between adjacent principal cells. Cx30.3, 31.1, and 32 were identified in adult rat epididymis by RT-PCR, whereas Cx26 was present in young rats. Postnatal development studies indicate that Cx26 mRNA was detectable only in the caput-corpus region of the epididymis and that levels increased by fivefold during the first 4 wk postnatally, when epithelial cells differentiate, and decrease to nondetectable levels thereafter. Cx31.1 and Cx32 mRNA levels were low throughout the epididymis in young rats and began to increase in the second and third weeks postnatally, when Cx26 levels are decreasing. Both Cx26 and Cx32 were localized to the lateral plasma membranes between adjacent epithelial cells of the epididymis. Colocalization studies indicate that Cx26 and Cx32 exist either independently of one another or can colocalize along the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells in young rats or between principal cells in the adult rat epididymis. The presence of multiple connexins (Cxs) and their differential regulation suggest that these play different roles in epididymal development.

scholarly journals Altered Epithelial-mesenchymal Plasticity as a Result of Ovol2 Deletion Minimally Impacts the Self-renewal of Adult Mammary Basal Epithelial Cells

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Sun ◽  
Yingying Han ◽  
Maksim Plikus ◽  
Xing Dai
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Transcriptional State ◽  
Specific Deletion ◽  
Basal Epithelial Cells

AbstractStem-cell containing mammary basal epithelial cells exist in a quasi-mesenchymal transcriptional state characterized by simultaneous expression of typical epithelial genes and typical mesenchymal genes. Whether robust maintenance of such a transcriptional state is required for adult basal stem cells to fuel self-renewal and regeneration remains unclear. In this work, we utilized SMA-CreER to direct efficient basal cell-specific deletion of Ovol2, which encodes a transcription factor that inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in adult mammary gland. We identified a basal cell-intrinsic role of Ovol2 in promoting epithelial, and suppressing mesenchymal, molecular traits. Interestingly, Ovol2-deficient basal cells display minimal perturbations in their ability to support tissue homeostasis, colony formation, and transplant outgrowth. These findings underscore the ability of adult mammary basal cells to tolerate molecular perturbations associated with altered epithelia-mesenchymal plasticity without drastically compromising their self-renewal potential.

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