A sexually-dimorphic murine model of IUGR induced by embryo transfer

Animal models are needed to develop interventions to prevent or treat intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Fetal growth rates and effects of in utero exposures differ between sexes, but little is known about sex-specific effects of increasing litter size. We established a murine IUGR model using pregnancies generated by multiple embryo transfers, and evaluated sex-specific responses to increasing litter size. CBAF1 embryos were collected at gestation day 0.5 (GD0.5) and 6, 8, 10 or 12 embryos were transferred into each uterine horn of pseudo-pregnant female CD1 mice (n=32). Fetal and placental outcomes were measured at GD18.5. In the main experiment fetuses were genotyped (Sry) for analysis of sex-specific outcomes. The number of implantation sites (P=0.033) and litter size (number of fetuses, P=0.008) correlated positively with number of embryos transferred, while placental weight correlated negatively with litter size (both P<0.01). The relationship between viable litter size and fetal weight differed between sexes (interaction P=0.002), such that fetal weights of males (P=0.002), but not females (P=0.233), correlated negatively with litter size. Placental weight decreased with increasing litter size (P<0.001) and was lower in females than males (P=0.020). Our results suggest that male fetuses grow as fast as permitted by nutrient supply, whereas the female maintains placental reserve capacity. This strategy reflecting sex-specific gene expression is likely to place the male fetus at greater risk of death in the event of a “second hit”.

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Canine Placenta Histological Findings and Microvascular Density: The Histological Basis of a Negative Neonatal Outcome?

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1418

Author(s):

Giuseppe Sarli ◽

Carolina Castagnetti ◽

Carlo Bianco ◽

Giulia Ballotta ◽

Giorgia Tura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Neonatal Outcome ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Capillary Density ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Frequent Finding ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Formalin Fixed ◽

Group 1

Placenta is essential for the development of the fetus, and its impaired function can lead to a negative outcome (i.e., neonatal mortality). In dogs, investigations on placenta histology and neonatal outcome in healthy bitches are lacking, and a contribution is provided in this study to emphasize the use of placenta histology in practice. Fifty-one placentas from 11 litters were collected during cesarean section, classified according to the litter size (large (L) or small (S)) and the outcome, this latter as healthy (Group 1) or dead within 7 days (Group 2). The placenta/puppy weight ratio (PPR) was calculated, and specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-wax embedded, and on the resulting histological slides, capillary density (CD) was quantified. Among necrosis, calcification, and intravascular leucocytes, only the presence of multifocal-confluent necrosis (significantly more frequent in Group 2) was associated with a higher risk of death within 7 days (odds ratio = 30.7). Mixed logistic regression ruled out the effect on death both of a bitch and cesarean type (programmed vs. emergency). PPR and CD values were associated with litter size; large litters had lower PPR (p < 0.01) and higher CD (p < 0.05) than small litters. The relationship between PPR and CD was negative and significant (p < 0.01). Necrosis was a frequent finding in canine placentas, but only when multifocal-confluent was it associated with a poor outcome. The litter size influenced PPR (lower in L) and CD (higher in L), and this is likely due to the plasticity of placenta adaptation.

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The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.28.2.78 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 78-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Stefan J. Troche ◽

Nina Weber ◽

Karina Hennigs ◽

Carl-René Andresen ◽

Thomas H. Rammsayer

Keyword(s):

Gender Role ◽

Sex Role ◽

Role Orientation ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Gender Role Orientation ◽

Left Hand ◽

Fourth Finger ◽

And Gender ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

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Sex‐specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird

Journal of Animal Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2656.13267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 1811-1823 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas A. Clay ◽

Rocío Joo ◽

Henri Weimerskirch ◽

Richard A. Phillips ◽

Olivier Ouden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Specific Effects

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A prospective study of the relationship between birthweight and placental weight at term in a Nigerian population

Early Child Development and Care ◽

10.1080/0300443920800110 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

O.O. Makinde ◽

J.A. Owa

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Nigerian Population ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Relationship

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Cognitive Vulnerabilities to Anxiety

Psihologijske teme ◽

10.31820/pt.28.2.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 419-440

Author(s):

Mirjana Sučević ◽

Ana Kurtović

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Social Concerns ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of personality, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and self-esteem on different anxiety symptoms. A total of 436 university students completed measures of personality, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, self-esteem, and symptoms of panic, worry and social anxiety. Results have shown that neuroticism, conscientiousness and psychological concerns (anxiety sensitivity) predict symptoms of panic and that psychological concerns mediate the relationship between neuroticism and panic. Worry was predicted by neuroticism, prospective and inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and self-liking, with intolerance of uncertainty mediating between neuroticism and worry. Finally, neuroticism, openness to experiences and extraversion, as well as social concerns (anxiety sensitivity), inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and self-liking predicted social anxiety. Social concerns, inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and self-liking mediated the effects of neuroticism and extraversion on social anxiety. Results offer support to neuroticism being a universal risk factor and anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and self-esteem having specific effects on anxiety symptoms.

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HTLV-1 AND TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Brazilian Journal of Medicine and Human Health ◽

10.17267/2317-3386bjmhh.v2i2.423 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Normeide Pedreira dos Santos ◽

Monique Lírio ◽

Rita Elizabeth Moreira Mascarenhas ◽

Leonardo Pereira Santana ◽

Bernardo Galvão Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cochrane Library ◽

T Lymphotropic Virus ◽

Negative Results ◽

Size Number ◽

Group Response ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To review and evaluate the scientific evidences on the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and HTLV-1 infection. Methods: Searches on MEDLINE, LILACS/SciELO and Cochrane Library databases were performed using the following keywords: HTLV-1 Infection, Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1; Paraparesis Tropical Spastic; Tuberculosis. The following data were evaluated: Study design, sample size, number of controls, frequency of HTLV-1 infection in patients with TB and uninfected controls, mortality in HTLV-1/TB coinfected individuals compared with controls group, response in vivo and in vitro to PPD, frequency of individuals with tuberculin skin test (TST) positive or negative. Results: Nineteen articles were selected: twelve investigated prevalence, four mortality, three evaluated both prevalence and mortality and six described immunological findings. The majority of the studies was conducted in South America (Brazil and Peru), and Japan. Seven out of 12 studies found an increased risk of HTLV-1 in patients with TB diagnosis. The prevalence of HTLV-1/TB co-infection ranged from1.49 % in Brazil to 11.4 % in patients in Peru. Two out of five studies found a higher mortality of patients with HTLV-1/TB co-infection compared to patients with TB alone. Three studies conducted in Africa (Guinea Bissau and Senegal) found no increase in the mortality of patients co-infected with TB and HTLV-1. A decreased response to PPD in vitro or in vivo was observed in co-infected individuals compared with patients with TB alone. Conclusion: Patients with TB diagnosis have a higher prevalence of HTLV-1, compared with uninfected controls. Co-infection HTLV-1/TB increases the mortality of TB.

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Identification of loci affecting sexually dimorphic patterns for height and recurrent laryngeal neuropathy risk in American Belgian Draft Horses

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00068.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

pp. 1051-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Samantha A. Brooks ◽

John Stick ◽

Ashley Braman ◽

Katelyn Palermo ◽

N. Edward Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Height ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Haplotype Association ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Specific Locus

Equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) is a bilateral mononeuropathy with an unknown etiology. In Thoroughbreds (TB), we previously demonstrated that the haplotype association for height (LCORL/NCAPG locus on ECA3, which affects body size) and RLN was coincident. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) for RLN in 458 American Belgian Draft Horses, a breed fixed for the LCORL/NCAPG risk alelle. In this breed, RLN risk is associated with sexually dimorphic differences in height, and we identified a novel locus contributing to height in a sex-specific manner: MYPN (ECA1). Yet this specific locus contributes little to RLN risk, suggesting that other growth traits correlated to height may underlie the correlation to this disease. Controlling for height, we identified a locus on ECA15 contributing to RLN risk specifically in males. These results suggest that loci with sex-specific gene expression play an important role in altering growth traits impacting RLN etiology, but not necessarily adult height. These newly identified genes are promising targets for novel preventative and treatment strategies.

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The effect of litter size, age of ewe and Booroola gene (Fee B) on the birth and placental characteristics of Texel ewes

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200596203 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1997 ◽

pp. 179-179

Author(s):

Jennifer M.L. Anderson ◽

J.S. Boyd ◽

M.J. Harvey ◽

A. Waterhouse

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Litter Size ◽

Placental Weight

It is widely recorded that placental weight varies a great deal in uniformly treated ewes, yet this variation remains unexplained (Mellor, 1983). The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of differing parameters on birth weight, placental weight, and number and weight of cotyledons in Texel ewes carrying the Booroola fecundity gene.

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The Fractal Spiral Model in Integrative Trauma Processing

International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation ◽

10.4018/ijantti.2015100102 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 14-27

Author(s):

Pierre-Henri Garnier ◽

Jean-Pierre Courtial

Keyword(s):

Network Theory ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Level Structure ◽

Actor Network Theory ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Central Node ◽

Trauma Processing ◽

Spiral Model ◽

The Relationship

This article applies the integrative spiral model of psychotherapy described by Laub and Weiner (2013) to the case of a patient who suffered a near-drowning experience. An enhancement to the model is put forward based on actor-network theory (Law, 1999, Latour, 2005), giving it a fractal (same pattern at different scales or details level) structure and “centralisation/densification” dynamic. The process of centralisation converges the risk of death from a traumatic event towards a central node within the association network of self-awareness. This central node is then able to develop a reassuring ‘counter-centre', which is gradually densified through the relationship and complicity shared with the therapist during the therapy.

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