Bistatic optoelectronic communication in the UV wavelength range. Field experiments 2016

In the Study of small metal particles the shape is a very Important parameter. Using electron microscopy Ino and Owaga(l) have studied the shape of twinned particles of gold. In that work electron diffraction and contrast (dark field) experiments were used to produce models of a crystal particle. In this work we report a method which can give direct information about the shape of an small metal particle in the amstrong- size range with high resolution. The diffraction pattern of a sample containing small metal particles contains in general several systematic and non- systematic reflections and a two-beam condition can not be used in practice. However a N-beam condition produces a reduced extinction distance. On the other hand if a beam is out of the bragg condition the effective extinction distance is even more reduced.

Download Full-text

One-dimensional solute transport in porous media with well-to-well recirculation: Application to field experiments

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/89wr03629 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1189-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Constantinos V. Chrysikopoulos

Keyword(s):

Porous Media ◽

Solute Transport ◽

Field Experiments ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Transport In Porous Media

Download Full-text

Training research on low altitude visual aerial observation: A description of five field experiments. (Task Observe.).

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e433192004-001 ◽

1962 ◽

Author(s):

Francis H. Thomas ◽

Paul W. Caro

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Training Research ◽

Low Altitude ◽

Aerial Observation

Download Full-text

Successful field experiments: Getting in, getting the data, getting published

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e518392013-699 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Susan M. Kochanowski ◽

Charles F. Seifert ◽

Gary A. Yukl ◽

Dov Eden ◽

Gary P. Latham

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments

Download Full-text

Application of pyrometer and standard sample to determine surface temperature of studied materials

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2019-12-9-13 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

V.Ya. Mendeleyev ◽

V.A. Petrov ◽

A.V. Yashin ◽

A.I. Vangonen ◽

O.K. Taganov

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Relative Error ◽

Wavelength Range ◽

Standard Sample ◽

A Priori ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Surface Temperatures ◽

Relative Errors ◽

Normal Emissivity

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.

Download Full-text

Results of Spatial Structure of Atmosphere Radiation in a Spectral Range (1.5–2) µm Research

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2017-061 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

Anton M. Mishchenko ◽

Sergei S. Rachkovsky ◽

Vladimir A. Smolin ◽

Igor V . Yakimenko

Keyword(s):

Spatial Structure ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽

Wavelength Range ◽

Spectral Range ◽

Near Ir ◽

Optoelectronic Systems ◽

Aerial Vehicle

Results of experimental studying radiation spatial structure of atmosphere background nonuniformities and of an unmanned aerial vehicle being the detection object are presented. The question on a possibility of its detection using optoelectronic systems against the background of a cloudy field in the near IR wavelength range is also considered.

Download Full-text

Optimizing genotype-environment-management interactions to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt

Climate Research ◽

10.3354/cr01599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 133-146

Author(s):

L Zhang ◽

Z Zhang ◽

J Cao ◽

Y Luo ◽

Z Li

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

High Energy ◽

Risk Level ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Maize Production ◽

Early Date ◽

Environment Management ◽

Silage Maize

Grain maize production exceeds the demand for grain maize in China. Methods for harvesting good-quality silage maize urgently need a theoretical basis and reference data in order to ensure its benefits to farmers. However, research on silage maize is limited, and very few studies have focused on its energetic value and quality. Here, we calibrated the CERES-Maize model for 24 cultivars with 93 field experiments and then performed a long-term (1980-2017) simulation to optimize genotype-environment-management (G-E-M) interactions in the 4 main agroecological zones across China. We found that CERES-Maize could reproduce the growth and development of maize well under various management and weather conditions with a phenology bias of <5 d and biomass relative root mean square error values of <5%. The simulated results showed that sowing long-growth-cycle cultivars approximately 10 d in advance could yield good-quality silage. The optimal sowing dates (from late May to July) and harvest dates (from early October to mid-November) gradually became later from north to south. A high-energy yield was expected when sowing at an early date and/or with late-maturing cultivars. We found that Northeast China and the North China Plain were potential silage maize growing areas, although these areas experienced a medium or even high frost risk. Southwestern maize experienced a low risk level, but the low soil fertility limited the attainable yield. The results of this paper provide information for designing an optimal G×E×M strategy to ensure silage maize production in the Chinese Maize Belt.

Download Full-text

Mechanisms leading to recruitment inhibition of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera by an understory alga

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 657 ◽

pp. 59-71

Author(s):

BA Beckley ◽

MS Edwards

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Local Community ◽

Kelp Forest ◽

Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽

Forest Recovery ◽

Kelp Forests ◽

Giant Kelp ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Life Stages ◽

Survival And Growth

The forest-forming giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and the communities it supports have been decreasing across their native ranges in many parts of the world. The sudden removal of giant kelp canopies by storms increases space and light for the colonization by understory macroalgae, such as Desmarestia herbacea, which can inhibit M. pyrifera recovery and alter local community composition. Understanding the mechanisms by which algae such as D. herbacea interact with M. pyrifera can provide insight into patterns of kelp forest recovery following these disturbances and can aid in predicting future community structure. This study experimentally tested the independent and combined effects of two likely competitive mechanisms by which D. herbacea might inhibit recovery of M. pyrifera in the Point Loma kelp forest in San Diego, California (USA). Specifically, we conducted field experiments to study the individual and combined effects of shade and scour by D. herbacea on the survival of M. pyrifera microscopic life stages, and the recruitment, survival, and growth of its young sporophytes. Our results show that scour had the strongest negative effect on the survival of M. pyrifera microscopic life stages and recruitment, but shade and scour both adversely affected survival and growth of these sporophytes as they grew larger. Canopy-removing storms are increasing in frequency and intensity, and this change could facilitate the rise of understory species, like D. herbacea, which might alter community succession and recovery of kelp forests.

Download Full-text