Effects of nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardants in different forms on the performance of slim-type medium-density fiberboard

An orthogonal design was used to optimize the process of making slim medium-density fiberboard modified by a nitrogen-phosphorous series of flame retardants. Mechanical performance was the evaluating criterion. Subsequently, the combustion performances of each type of flame retardant, including in states solid, liquid, and their combination with a ratio of 1:1, were investigated to clarify the corresponding fire-retardant mechanism. The results showed that only physical bonding was responsible for connecting the wood fiber with the retardants, according to the Fourier transform infrared spectrum. Catalytic charring, flame retardancy, and the thermal insulation of three types of retardant were solidified by the results of a cone calorimeter (CONE) analysis, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the mixture of solid and liquid was demonstrated as the primary choice. It was also found that after the mixture of the solid and liquid retardant was added, the limiting oxygen index of the board reached 43.3%, and it met the requirements of the B1 Class in the Chinese National Standard GB/T8624-2012 (2012).

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A new flame‐retardant medium density fiberboard with no formaldehyde release: Wood fiber cell walls template zeolite via in situ thermocompression

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.51429 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51429

Author(s):

Ran Li ◽

Lifei Feng ◽

Yuxin Liang ◽

Jie Gao ◽

Wenbin Yang

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Medium Density Fiberboard ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Fiber Cell ◽

Medium Density ◽

Formaldehyde Release

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ADSORPTION OF NANOWOLLASTONITE ON CELLULOSE SURFACE: EFFECTS ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDIUM-DENSITY FIBERBOARD (MDF)

CERNE ◽

10.1590/0104776020162222146 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 215-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Taghiyari ◽

Roya Majidi ◽

Asghar Jahangiri

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Density Functional ◽

Medium Density Fiberboard ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

National Standard ◽

Medium Density ◽

Wood Fibers ◽

Strong Adsorption ◽

Cellulose Surface

ABSTRACT Effects of nanowollastonite (NW) adsorption on cellulose surface were studied on physical and mechanical properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels; properties were then compared with those of MDF panels without NW-content. The size range of NW was 30-110 nm. The interaction between NW and cellulose was investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Physical and mechanical tests were carried out in accordance with the Iranian National Standard ISIRI 9044 PB Type P2 (compatible with ASTM D1037-99) specifications. Results of DFT simulations showed strong adsorption of NW on cellulose surface. Moreover, mechanical properties demonstrated significant improvement. The improvement was attributed to the strong adsorption of NW on cellulose surface predicted by DFT, adding to the strength and integrity between wood fibers in NW-MDF panels. It was concluded that NW would improve mechanical properties in MDF panels as a wood-composite material, as well as being effective in improving its biological and thermal conductivity.

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Utilization of inorganic mineral filler material as partial replacement for wood fiber in medium density fiberboard (MDF) and its effect on material properties

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products ◽

10.1007/s00107-019-01480-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 75-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tomasz Ozyhar ◽

Tobias Depnering ◽

Cathy Ridgway ◽

Matthias Welker ◽

Joachim Schoelkopf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Material Properties ◽

Medium Density Fiberboard ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Filler Material ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Medium Density ◽

Mineral Filler ◽

Inorganic Mineral

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Simple production of medium density fiberboards (MDF) reinforced with chitosan

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2017-0101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 275-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiaodi Ji ◽

Yue Dong ◽

Ruidong Yu ◽

Wenxin Du ◽

Xue Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Medium Density Fiberboard ◽

National Standard ◽

Medium Density ◽

Wood Fibers ◽

Hot Press ◽

X Ray ◽

Amide Bonds ◽

Simple Production

AbstractA simple and efficient method was developed for preparing medium density fiberboard (MDF) reinforced with chitosan via the traditional hot-press manufacturing process. The mechanical and dimensional properties of the MDF were investigated as a function of the chitosan amount. At the 4% level of added chitosan, the MDF reached the optimal performance and met completely the requirements of the Chinese national standard GB/T 11718-2009. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) characterizations revealed that wood fibers and chitosan might interact with each other through the formation of hydrogen and amide bonds during the hot-pressing process. The fracture surfaces of the MDFs are indicative for strong bonds at the interface, which explain the excellent MDF performance.

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A study on the carbon reservation of medium density fiberboard prepared from wood fiber activation with laccase-mediator system

Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering ◽

10.3233/jcm-150587 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 625-633

Author(s):

Xin Guan ◽

Minghui Guo ◽

Jiqing Li ◽

Xueshen Liu ◽

He Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medium Density Fiberboard ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Medium Density ◽

Mediator System ◽

Laccase Mediator System

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Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11122554 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2554 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhi Geng ◽

Shuaishuai Yang ◽

Lianwang Zhang ◽

Zhenzhen Huang ◽

Qichao Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Resin Transfer Molding ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Fire Retardancy ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Transfer Molding ◽

Halogen Free

Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.

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Investigation of bisphenol-substituted spirocyclic phosphazenes as cotton textile–based flame retardants

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/1558925020920887 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 155892502092088

Author(s):

Michael W Easson ◽

Jacobs Harris Jordan ◽

SeChin Chang ◽

John M Bland ◽

Brian Douglas Condon

Keyword(s):

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Oxygen Index ◽

Cotton Textile ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Decomposition Pathway ◽

Microscale Combustion Calorimetry ◽

Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Bisphenol-substituted spirocyclic phosphazene derivatives were synthesized in 85%–94% yields and analyzed for flame retardant application to cotton fabric using Limiting Oxygen Index, Fourier transform infrared thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, microscale combustion calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis methods indicate a decomposition pathway consistent for phosphorus-nitrogen-containing compounds. Levoglucosan phosphorylation and carbonaceous char formation were observed. Limiting Oxygen Index testing of these compounds on cotton-based fabrics showed improved flame resistance compared to untreated fabrics.

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Liquid-Crystal and Fire-Retardant Properties of New Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene Compounds with Two Schiff Base Linking Units

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25092122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zuhair Jamain ◽

Melati Khairuddean ◽

Tay Guan-Seng

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Liquid Crystal ◽

Polyester Resin ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Terminal Group ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Crystal Properties ◽

Fire Retardant Properties ◽

Good Agreement

A series of new hexasubstituted cyclotriphosphazene compounds (4a–j) consisting of two Schiff base linking units and different terminal substituents was successfully synthesized and characterized. The structures of these compounds were confirmed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and CHN elemental analysis. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) was used to determine their liquid-crystal behavior, which was then further confirmed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compounds 4a–i with heptyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hydroxy, 4-carboxyphenyl, chloro, and nitro terminal ends, respectively, showed the liquid-crystal properties, whereas compound 4j with the amino group was found to be non-mesogenic. The attachment of an electron-donating group in 4j eventually give a non-mesogenic product. The study of the fire-retardant properties of these compounds was done using the limiting oxygen index (LOI). In this study, polyester resin (PE) was used as a matrix for moulding, and the LOI value of pure PE was 22.53%. The LOI value increased to 24.71% when PE was incorporated with 1 wt.% of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), thus indicating that HCCP has a good fire-retardant properties. The result showed that all the compounds have good agreement in their LOI values. Compound 4i with a nitro terminal group gave the highest LOI value of 28.37%.

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