scholarly journals Effects of pretreatment on the soil aging behavior of rice husk fibers/polyvinyl chloride composites

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chunxia He ◽  
Xingxing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Soil Aging

The application of rice husk fibers (RHFs) to reinforce wood plastic composites has received appreciable attention. However, good interfacial adhesion is important for actual applications. Pretreatment methods can reduce the hydroxyl groups in plant fibers in order for them to bond with the plastic matrix. In this research, RHFs were pretreated by four methods: hydrothermal treatment (HT), microwave treatment (MT), alkali treatment (AT), and benzoylation treatment (BT). The effects of the four pretreatment methods on aging behavior of RHFs/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites was studied with simulated soil-accelerated aging conditions. Accelerated-soil aging caused the physical and mechanical properties of the composites to deteriorate. The ultimate performance of the composites was improved by the pretreated RHFs. The effectiveness ranking of the pretreatment methods was: benzoylation-treated RHFs reinforced PVC (BRRP) > alkali-treated RHFs reinforced PVC (ARRP) > hydrothermal-treated RHFs reinforced PVC (HRRP) > microwave-treated RHFs reinforced PVC (MRRP) > untreated RHFs reinforced PVC (URRP).

A Preliminary Study: Influence of Alkali Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Agel Leaf Fiber (Corypha gebanga)

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendri Hestiawan ◽  
Jamasri ◽  
Kusmono
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Removal Of Impurities

The aim of this research is to investigate the alkali treatment influence on tensile strength physical and mechanical properties of agel leaf fibers (ALF). The presence of surface impurities and the large amount of hydroxyl groups make plant fibers less attractive for polymeric materials reinforcement. ALF were subjected to alkali treatments with 2 and 4% NaOH solutions for different soaking times of 1, 12, and 24 hours at room temperature. The tensile test of single fiber was done according to ASTM D3379-75 standard. The chemical changes and the fiber surface after alkali treatment were investigated by using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Tensile tests showed the alkali treatment of ALF results in different tensile strength compared to untreated ALF. The highest tensile strength (1464 MPa) is found for ALF immersed in 4% NaOH for 1 hour. FTIR showed that the hemicellulose and lignin components in the ALF are removed by NaOH treatment. SEM observation of the treated ALF showed the removal of impurities and the increase of roughness on the ALF surface with alkalization. These results show that alkali treatment can increase the tensile strength of ALF.

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Properties of Polymer/Fibrous/Nanomaterials Particleboard Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-966
Author(s):  
M M Younes M M Younes ◽  
H A Abdel Rahman and E Hamed H A Abdel Rahman and E Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Fibrous Nanomaterials

This investigation aimed to study the role of different contents of nano-slag, as well as various doses of gamma-irradiation on physical and mechanical properties of rice husk-polyvinyl chloride particleboard composites. Equal proportions of rice husk fibers and polyvinyl chloride polymer were used. The treatment of rice husk fibers with silane coupling agent showed a significant improvement in both mechanical and physical properties of the prepared particleboard composites as compared to those containing untreated rice husk fibers. Moreover, the partial replacement of polyvinyl chloride with different percentages of nano-slag namely 5, 10, 15, and 20% by the weight of polymer manifested a good effect on the properties of the resulting particleboard composites precisely at 10%nano-slag. In addition, the effect of different gamma-irradiation doses on the properties of the particleboard composite specimens that contain 10% nano-slag showed an enhancement in the physical (thickness swelling %) and mechanical (flexural strength, and hardness) properties. In addition, the results elaborated that the irradiated particleboard composites had a good thermal stability.

scholarly journals Characterization of Rice Husk Fiber-Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride Composites under Accelerated Simulated Soil Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chunxia He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Aging Condition ◽  
Soil Aging

To study the effect of accelerated simulated soil aging on the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites. The worst soil aging condition was determined using the orthogonal design method, and the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were analyzed over 21 d. The results indicate that the worst soil-accelerated aging condition was as follows: soil temperature of 65°C, soil pH of 2.5, soil moisture content of 45%, and soil porosity (ratio of thick to thin) of 3 : 7. An extended aging time tends to cause poor interfacial bonding quality, and the presence of many microcracks reduced thermal stability and flexural and impact strength. Many fibers were exposed, which resulted in increasing 24 h water absorption and thermal expansion coefficient. The hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and pyrolysis temperature of the composites (after 21 d of aging) decreased from 50 HRR, 17.42 MPa, 35.2 MPa, 3.19 kJ/m2, and 258.5°C to 26 HRR, 11.5 MPa, 16.8 MPa, 1.16 kJ/m2, and 251.3°C, respectively. The mass loss rate, 24 h water absorption, discoloration, and line thermal expansion coefficient of the composites increased from 0%, 4.19%, 0, and 28.43 to 2.9%, 7.92%, 29.03, and 29.98, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of rice husk fibers on the properties of mixed-particle-size fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites under soil accelerated aging conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501987928
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chunxia He
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Soil Aging ◽  
Aging Conditions

In this article, rice husk fiber/polyvinyl chloride composites were prepared and analyzed. The optimal composition of mixed-particle-size fiber-reinforced composites was determined through orthogonal experimentation. The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the mixed-particle-size fiber-reinforced composites were compared to unprocessed (100 mesh) rice husk fiber/polyvinyl chloride composites. The surface microscopic appearances of the unprocessed and final composites were observed via laser microscope. Long-term accelerated soil aging caused micro-cracks to appear on the surfaces of the composites. Interfacial adhesion was observed via scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that mixed-particle-size fibers can better fill interfacial gaps, leading to strong interfacial adhesion. Furthermore, the addition of mixed-particle-size fibers improves the soil aging resistance of composites. The hardness, flexural strength, impact strength, and first onset pyrolysis temperature (after 0 days) increase from 50 HRR, 35.2 MPa, 3.19 KJ/m2, and 258.5°C to 55 HRR, 39.4 MPa, 3.86 KJ/m2, and 261.2°C, respectively. However, the mass loss rate and thickness expansion rate (after 21 days) decrease from 2.9% and 0.79% to 2.21% and 0.74%, respectively. In general, the addition of mixed-particle-size fibers improves the ultimate properties of composites under soil aging conditions.

Lifetime Prediction of Tires with Regard to Oxidative Aging5

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nasdala ◽  
Y. Wei ◽  
H. Rothert ◽  
M. Kaliske
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Reaction Processes

Abstract It is a challenging task in the design of automobile tires to predict lifetime and performance on the basis of numerical simulations. Several factors have to be taken into account to correctly estimate the aging behavior. This paper focuses on oxygen reaction processes which, apart from mechanical and thermal aspects, effect the tire durability. The material parameters needed to describe the temperature-dependent oxygen diffusion and reaction processes are derived by means of the time–temperature–superposition principle from modulus profiling tests. These experiments are designed to examine the diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) effect which occurs when accelerated aging tests are performed. For the cord-reinforced rubber composites, homogenization techniques are adopted to obtain effective material parameters (diffusivities and reaction constants). The selection and arrangement of rubber components influence the temperature distribution and the oxygen penetration depth which impact tire durability. The goal of this paper is to establish a finite element analysis based criterion to predict lifetime with respect to oxidative aging. The finite element analysis is carried out in three stages. First the heat generation rate distribution is calculated using a viscoelastic material model. Then the temperature distribution can be determined. In the third step we evaluate the oxygen distribution or rather the oxygen consumption rate, which is a measure for the tire lifetime. Thus, the aging behavior of different kinds of tires can be compared. Numerical examples show how diffusivities, reaction coefficients, and temperature influence the durability of different tire parts. It is found that due to the DLO effect, some interior parts may age slower even if the temperature is increased.

Research changes in the properties of butadiene-nitrile rubber under various aging conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110290
Author(s):  
Mariya L Davydova ◽  
Aytalina F Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Sterically Hindered Phenols ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Hindered Phenols ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Butadiene Nitrile Rubber

This article represents the results of a study of changes in the properties of vulcanizates based on BNR-18 butadiene-nitrile rubber containing as stabilizers the experimental spatially hindered phenols Stafen, CO3, CO4, and industrial antioxidant 6PPD, after accelerated aging (100°C 96 h) and aging under full-scale exposure in extreme climatic conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) during 2 years. In winter, the air temperature reached—48°C, in summer—+36.1°C. It is shown that the experimental sterically hindered phenols more effectively under natural exposure conditions. They are characterized by the most stability in terms of strength throughout the entire exposure period. Under conditions of accelerated aging, the vulcanizate containing the industrial antioxidant 6PPD is characterized by the greatest stability of physical and mechanical properties. According to the viscoelastic characteristics obtained in the dynamic loading mode, the contribution of the presented stabilizers in maintaining resistance to temperature and deformation effects compared with unstabilized rubber is confirmed.

The effect of alkali treatment on rice husk moisture content and drying kinetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Bazargan ◽  
Tesfalet Gebreegziabher ◽  
Chi-Wai Hui ◽  
Gordon McKay
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Drying Kinetics
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