Effects of corn straw biochar application on soybean growth and alkaline soil properties

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of biochar loading level on soybean growth and physico-chemical properties of alkaline soil. Biochar derived from corn straw was mixed with alkaline soil at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% loading levels and exposed to the natural elements. Soybean was used as the test crop. The results indicated that a single application of biochar positively and significantly improved soybean productivity and quality attributes of the tested alkaline soil. Soybean yield peaked at 5% loading level, but it declined at 10% loading. Applications of biochar at 5% and 10% loading significantly increased total soil porosity by 4.14% and 5.09%, and decreased the soil pH value by 0.07 and 0.24 units, respectively. Biochar addition significantly increased water holding capacity, total organic carbon content, total nitrogen, Olsen-P, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity. The results indicated that applications of corn straw biochar to alkaline soil improved soybean growth and promoted the physico-chemical properties of alkaline soil. However, the negative effects of increased C:N ratios and soil exchange sodium percentages at higher biochar loading levels should be taken into account when applying biochar as amendments to alkaline soils.

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The Impact of Filler Geometry on Polylactic Acid-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Karol Leluk ◽

Stanisław Frąckowiak ◽

Joanna Ludwiczak ◽

Tomasz Rydzkowski ◽

Vijay Kumar Thakur

Keyword(s):

Polymer Composites ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽

Cellulose Fibres ◽

Shape Factors ◽

Pure Cellulose ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact

Recently, biocomposites have emerged as materials of great interest to the scientists and industry around the globe. Among various polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular matrix material with high potential for advanced applications. Various particulate materials and nanoparticles have been used as the filler in PLA based matrix. One of the extensively studied filler is cellulose. However, cellulose fibres, due to their hydrophilic nature, are difficult to blend with a hydrophobic polymer matrix. This leads to agglomeration and creates voids, reducing the mechanical strength of the resulting composite. Moreover, the role of the various forms of pure cellulose and its particle shape factors has not been analyzed in most of the current literature. Therefore, in this work, materials of various shapes and shape factors were selected as fillers for the production of polymer composites using Polylactic acid as a matrix to fill this knowledge gap. In particular, pure cellulose fibres (three types with different elongation coefficient) and two mineral nanocomponents: precipitated calcium carbonate and montmorillonite were used. The composites were prepared by a melt blending process using two different levels of fillers: 5% and 30%. Then, the analysis of their thermomechanical and physico-chemical properties was carried out. The obtained results were presented graphically and discussed in terms of their shape and degree of filling.

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Evaluation of tendering effect from date seed extract (P. dactalytera) in knuckle part meat

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Maryana Mohamad Nor ◽

Lukman Ismail ◽

Siti Nuurul Huda Mohammad Azmin ◽

Ikhmal Hisham Abdul Halim

Keyword(s):

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Ph Value ◽

Total Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Positive Control ◽

Date Seed ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Cooked Meat

Phoenic dactylifera (date) is a species of flowering plants in the family of Arecaceae. Date seeds are considered as a waste from many processing that produced plants pitted date, confectionery date syrup and date itself. Currently, the seeds are used mainly for animal feed in the cattle and chicken industry. In 2004, about 863,000 tonnes of date seeds are produced out of 6.9 million tonnes date. Tenderness is the major concern that affecting consumer acceptance of beef in meat industry. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the bioactive compound extracted from date seed as a tenderizing agent in meat. Extraction of date seeds used a different method of extraction (Soxhlet and Maceration). The application of extracted on knuckle part of beef were performed and papain was used as a positive control and followed by the sensory evaluation. The analysis of cooked meat was performed in order to analyze the physico-chemical properties of date seeds extract. The result from the study revealed that the aqueous extract (maceration techniques) gave the best percentage of the total yield recovery with 28.44%. The physico-chemical properties of cooked meat showed the reducing of pH value after cooking. Meanwhile for the cooking yield, result showed that almost 86% of water losses during cooking for aqueous extract and positive control and 96% for negative control. According to the sensory evaluation of the cooked meat, scoring test and hedonic test were performed using One Way Anova. The result for texture is 6.10±2.1, juiceness is 5.87±1.76 and taste is 6.80±1.34. All attributes have no significant different at p <0.05 between aqueos extract, and positive control. A general acceptance shows that no significant different between aqueos extract (6.50±2.0) and positive control (7.13±1.98). The result suggested that the tenderization effect of date seed improved the textural properties of knuckle part meat and have potential for tenderization purpose in food industry.

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Pollution Scenario due to Discharge of Effluent from Agrochemicals and Pesticides Manufacturing Industries of Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.22.8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

P.U. Singare ◽

S.S. Dhabarde

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Ph Value ◽

Winter Season ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Solid ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Summer Season ◽

Manufacturing Industries ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Physico Chemical

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to agrochemicals and pesticides manufacturing industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The average concentration of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Zn was found to be maximum of 29.86, 0.90, 1.16 and 1.19 ppm respectively in summer season, while average Fe concentration was maximum of 51.10 ppm in winter season. The average pH value of the effluent was found to be maximum of 12.95 in summer season, while average conductivity value was maximum of 21085 µmhos/cm in rainy season. The majority of physco-chemical parameters like alkalinity, hardness, salinity, chloride, cyanide, phosphate, total solid, BOD and COD content were found to be maximum in summer season having the average values of 1918, 186, 4, 11.20, 0.07, 81, 6391, 685 and 2556 ppm respectively. The average DO content was found to be low of 4.5 ppm in winter season. It was observed that the concentration level of majority of the toxic heavy metals and physico-chemical properties were above the tolerable limit set for inland surface water. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause irreparable ecological harm in the long term well masked by short term economic prosperity due to extensive industrial growth

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Radiation-induced Grafting of Styrene onto Polyethylene Films for Preparation of Cation Exchange Membranes: Effect of Crosslinking+

Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology ◽

10.11113/amst.v2i1.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. M. Nasef ◽

H. Saidi ◽

A. H. Yahaya

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Swelling Properties ◽

Ion Exchange Capacity ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽

Radiation Induced

Crosslinked cation exchange membranes bearing sulfonic acid groups (PE-g-PSSA/DVB) were prepared by radiationinduced grafting of styrene/divinylbenzene (DVB) mixtures onto low density polyethylene (PE) films followed by sulfonation reactions. The effect of addition of DVB (2 and 4%) on the grafting behavior and the physico-chemical properties of the membranes such as ion exchange capacity, swelling and ionic conductivity were evaluated incorrelation with grafting yield (Y%). The structural and thermal properties of the membranes were also studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Crosslinking with DVB was found to considerably affect the properties of the membranes in a way that reduces the swelling properties and enhances the chemical stability. The ion conductivity of the crosslinked membranes recorded a level of 10–2 S/cm at sufficient grafting yield (28%) despite the reduction caused by the formation of crosslinking structure. The results of this work suggest that membranes prepared in this study are potential alternatives for various electrochemical applications.

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Correlations between physico-chemical properties and nickel adsorption parameters in soils used in sanitary landfill liners

Águas Subterrâneas ◽

10.14295/ras.v34i3.29914 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 275-284

Author(s):

Ricardo Antonio Ferreira da Silva ◽

Danilo Brito da Costa ◽

William de Paiva ◽

Márcio Camargo de Melo ◽

Veruschka Escarião Dessoles Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Bentonite Clay ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Sanitary Landfill ◽

Adsorption Parameters ◽

Clayey Sand ◽

Landfill Liners ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Nickel Adsorption

The adsorption of heavy metals by sanitary landfill liners represents a measure of protection of surface and groundwaters against contamination by metals, mitigating risks to public health. Hence, this research aimed to identify, from correlations, the influence of physico-chemical properties of soils applied in landfill liners using nickel adsorption parameters. Batch equilibrium tests with initial nickel concentrations of 45 to 1440 mg.L-1 were performed in clayey sand and bentonite clay soil, as well as in mixtures. Nickel adsorption parameters from Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were obtained, exhibiting a better adjustment in the Freundlich model based on R² and RMSE criteria. Thus, the addition of bentonite clay improved the adsorption to nickel, and the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) was the property that considerably influenced the metal retention in the studied soils.

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Unveiling the Efficiency of Vermicompost Derived from Different Biowastes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Growth and Soil Health

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120791 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 791 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zubair Aslam ◽

Safdar Bashir ◽

Waseem Hassan ◽

Korkmaz Bellitürk ◽

Niaz Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Soil Health ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Test Plant ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Aphid Infestation ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

The Impact

The present study was conducted to explore the role of different types of vermicomposts (VCs) prepared from different substrates to improve soil health (physical and chemical properties) and wheat plant growth under field conditions. Different combinations of vermicompost prepared from different substrates (cow dung, paper waste, and rice straw) and inorganic fertilizers were applied in soil using wheat as a test plant. The impact of three different VCs on physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient availability in soil was evaluated to examine their efficacy in combination with chemical fertilizers. Temporal trends in vermicomposting treatments at various stages showed significant improvement in physico-chemical attributes of the VCs substrates. All the plant physiological attributes showed significant response where N:P:K 100:50:50 kg ha−1 + 10 t ha−1 cow dung vermicompost was applied. In addition, post-harvest analysis of soil not only revealed that different combinations of the vermicomposting treatments improved the soil health by improving the physico-chemical attributes of the soil. Conclusively, application of cow dung vermicompost along with recommended NPK not only improved crop yield, soil health, reduced insect (aphid) infestation but also fortified grains with Zn and Fe.

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IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ON SOIL EROSION PROCESSES AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON HILLY LANDSCAPE IN WESTERN LITHUANIA

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/16486897.2015.1054289 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 60-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gintaras JARAŠIŪNAS ◽

Irena KINDERIENĖ

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Erosion Processes ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on soil erosion rates, surface evolution processes and physico-chemical properties on a moraine hilly topography in Lithuania. The soil of the experimental site is Bathihypogleyi – Eutric Albeluvisols (abe–gld–w) whose texture is a sandy loam. After a 27-year use of different land conservation systems, three critical slope segments (slightly eroded, active erosion and accumulation) were formed. Soil physical properties of the soil texture and particle sizes distribution were examined. Chemical properties analysed for were soil ph, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). We estimated the variation in thickness of the soil Ap horizon and soil physico-chemical properties prone to a sustained erosion process. During the study period (2010–2012) water erosion occurred under the grain– grass and grass–grain crop rotations, at rates of 1.38 and 0.11 m3 ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Soil exhumed due to erosion from elevated positions accumulated in the slope bottom. As a result, topographic transfiguration of hills and changes in soil properties occurred. However, the accumulation segments of slopes had significantly higher silt/clay ratios and SOC content. In the active erosion segments a lighter soil texture and lower soil ph were recorded. Only long-term grassland completely stopped soil erosion effects; therefore geomorphologic change and degradation of hills was estimated there as minimal.

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MRI Relaxivity Changes of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Induced by Different Amino Acid Coatings

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10020394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Iryna Antal ◽

Oliver Strbak ◽

Iryna Khmara ◽

Martina Koneracka ◽

Martina Kubovcikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Dispersed Particles ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The One ◽

Molecular Contrast ◽

The Impact ◽

Positively Charged

In this study, we analysed the physico-chemical properties of positively charged magnetic fluids consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalised by different amino acids (AAs): glycine (Gly), lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp), and the influence of AA–MNP complexes on the MRI relaxivity. We found that the AA coating affects the size of dispersed particles and isoelectric point, as well as the zeta potential of AA–MNPs differently, depending on the AA selected. Moreover, we showed that a change in hydrodynamic diameter results in a change to the relaxivity of AA–MNP complexes. On the one hand, we observed a decrease in the relaxivity values, r1 and r2, with an increase in hydrodynamic diameter (the relaxivity of r1 and r2 were comparable with commercially available contrast agents); on the other hand, we observed an increase in r2* value with an increase in hydrodynamic size. These findings provide an interesting preliminary look at the impact of AA coating on the relaxivity properties of AA–MNP complexes, with a specific application in molecular contrast imaging originating from magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic resonance techniques.

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Green waste composting under GORE(R) cover membrane at industrial scale: physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic assessment

International Journal Of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s40093-019-00311-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (S1) ◽

pp. 385-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mutaz Al-Alawi ◽

Tamas Szegi ◽

Loubna El Fels ◽

Mohamed Hafidi ◽

Barbara Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Technology ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Ftir Spectra ◽

Industrial Scale ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

Green Waste ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Mature Compost ◽

Humification Degree

Abstract Purpose Green waste (GW) composting is of increasing importance to the waste management industry in addition being a useful agricultural product that is rich in nutrient and organic matter (OM). The combination of aerated static windrow with GORE(R) cover membrane and an air-floor aeration system is a relatively new industrial-scale composting technology that has not been previously explored. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to evaluate the effectiveness of composting GW using this new technology. Methods The composting process was monitored through changes in the physico-chemical properties, E4/6, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Results Disinfection requirements were met by holding composting temperature steady in the thermophilic range for 24 days. The technology greatly improved composting conditions, and final compost product in terms of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, OM degradation, nitrogen transformation, humification, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The FTIR spectra revealed that there was enrichment of aromatic compounds and reduction in aliphatic structures and easily assimilated peptide components by microorganisms, indicating the humification degree increased, the final compost stabilized, and confirming the efficiency of composting. Consequently, the new technology produced a mature compost in only 30 days compared with the standard period of 90–270 days for traditional composting. Conclusion Notably, the new technology may be a sustainable alternative for GW management that converts waste into compost and could be beneficial for agricultural uses.

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Physico-chemical properties of Dhepa River in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22041 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

K Rakiba ◽

Z Ferdoushi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Ph Value ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

P Concentration ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Buffer Condition

Among different water quality parameters dissolved oxygen, transparency, pH, PO4-P and depth varied significantly among the sampling sites. The pH value in the present investigation remained a buffer condition (6.50- 7.90). Dissolved oxygen was ranges from 3.80 to 11.60 mg/l throughout the study periods. PO4-P concentration was observed highest (0.30 mg/l) in sampling site 2. On the basis of physical, chemical aspects sampling site 3 and sampling site 5 (situated in gosaipur and chandandoho) found in better condition in terms of limnological aspects. However, it could be concluded that Dhepa River will play important role in riverine fisheries and for further fisheries management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22041 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 59-67 2013

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