scholarly journals Non-conventional mineral binder-bonded lignocellulosic composite materials: A review

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4606-4648
Author(s):  
Opara Uchechukwu Emmanuel ◽  
Aldi Kuqo ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bonded Materials ◽  
Inorganic Mineral ◽  
Mineral Binder ◽  
Alkali Activated

The construction industry suffers from unsustainability and contributes more than any other industrial sector to carbon emissions that lead to global warming. Increasing economic and environmental concerns related to conventional energy- and CO2-intensive building materials have propelled the rapid and sustained expansion of research in the area of plant-based inorganic mineral binder-bonded materials for the construction industry. The resulting composites can be qualified as eco-responsible, sustainable, and efficient multifunctional building materials. So far, most of these research efforts have not received as much attention as materials based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). To address this gap, this review focuses on mineral binder-based lignocellulosic composites made from non-conventional inorganic mineral binders/ cements with low embodied energy and low carbon footprint, namely hydrated lime-based binders, magnesium-based cement, alkali-activated cement, and geopolymers, as sustainable alternatives to OPC-bonded lignocellulosic composites (state-of-the-art). The emphasis here is on the application potentials, the influence of production parameters on the material properties/ performance, and recent advancement in this field. Finally, a prediction is provided of future trends for these non-conventional mineral binder-bonded lignocellulosic composites.

Evaluation of a Marine Dredged Sediment as Raw Material Compared to Volcanic Scoria for the Development of Lime-Pozzolan Eco-Binders

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim KOURTAA ◽  
Morgan Chabannes ◽  
Frederic Becquart ◽  
Nor Edine Abriak
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dredged Sediment

In the context of global warming, the built environment offers relevant opportunities to reduce GHG emissions that underlie climate change. In particular, this can be achieved with the development of low-embodied energy building materials such as bio-based concretes. Hemp concrete has been the subject of many investigations in the field of non-load bearing infill walls in France since the early 1990s. In addition to hygrothermal performances, the use of crop by-products definitely helps to limit the carbon footprint. Hemp concretes are often produced by mixing the plant aggregates with lime-based binders. The latter have many benefits among which the water vapor permeability. However, CO2 emissions due to the decarbonation of limestone for the production of lime largely contribute to the overall environmental balance of these materials. The use of natural pozzolans (volcanic scoria) combined with hydrated lime goes back to the Greco-Roman period and reduces carbon emissions. Nonetheless, it does not necessarily meet the issue related to the depletion of granular natural resources. Hence, this study deals with the design of a new low-carbon binder based on marine dredged sediment seen as an alternative strategic granular resource that can be considered renewable. The sediment comes from the Port of Dunkirk in the North of France and is mainly composed of silt and quartz sand. It was finely ground and compared to a lowly reactive basaltic pozzolan. Lime-pozzolan pastes were prepared and stored in a moist environment under room (20°C) and high temperature (50°C). The hardening kinetics of pastes was followed through mineralogical studies (TGA, XRD) and compressive strength development. The results showed that the hardening of pastes including the marine sediment was suitable in the case of samples stored at 50°C and make it possible to use such a binder for precast bio-based concretes.

Low Embodied Energy Sustainable Building Materials and Technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
P.S. Chani ◽  
Rajesh Deoliya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Building Materials

Construction industry is one of the largest consumers of the natural resources and responsible for substantial amount of CO2emission in the world. The purpose of this paper is to carry out comprehensive literature review on the low embodied energy materials and techniques used in the existing and / or new buildings in India. The paper also compares the conventional building materials and techniques, with alternative ones to assess their superiority. An investigation into the energy consumed by the building materials and techniques is computed to find out the embodied energy requirements to prove superiority of innovative construction techniques over traditional materials.

scholarly journals Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kljajevic ◽  
Miljana Mirkovic ◽  
Sabina Dolenec ◽  
Katarina Ster ◽  
Mustafa Hadzalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Alkali Activated

The potential re-use of red mud in the building and construction industry has been the subject of research of many scientists. The presented research is a contribution to the potential solution of this environmental issue through the synthesis of potential construction materials based on red mud. A promising way of recycling these secondary raw materials is the synthesis of alkali-activated binders or alkali activated materials. Alkali-activated materials or inorganic binders based on red mud are a new class of materials obtained by activation of inorganic precursors mainly constituted by silica, alumina and low content of calcium oxide. Since red mud contains radioactive elements like 226Ra and 232Th, this may be a problem for its further utilization. The content of naturally occurring radionuclides in manufactured material products with potential application in the building and construction industry is important from the standpoint of radiation protection. Gamma radiation of the primordial radionuclides, 40K and members of the uranium and thorium series, increases the external gamma dose rate. However, more and more precedence is being given to limiting the radiological dose originating from building materials on the population these days. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of alkali activation-polymerization processes on the natural radioactivity of alkali activated materials synthesized by red mud (BOKSIT a. d. Milici, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their structural properties. This research confirmed that during the polymerization process the natural radioactivity was reduced, and that the process of alkali activation of raw materials has an influence on natural radioactivity of synthesized materials.

scholarly journals Characteristics of lime-hemp composite and its use in construction industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 011-019
Author(s):  
Przemysław Brzyski ◽  
Stanisław Fic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Reducing Energy

One of the solutions for reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the construction sector is the use of building materials which have a favorable environmental impact. This is possible to achieve by using plant material, e.g., industrial hemp, which absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide during the growth. Instead of cement as a binder there are used alternatively clay or lime modified with industrial waste in the form of pozzolans. The paper presents the possibility of using industrial hemp in the production of composite based on modified hydrated lime. It describes the basic properties of the sample composites such as compressive strength and thermal conductivity based on literature review. The article describes the way of preparing the mixture and the possibility of using the composite for the construction of walls using different techniques.

Building a More Resilient and Low-Carbon Caribbean - Report 2: Analysis of the Benefits from Resilient Building Materials and Construction Methods in the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Bailey ◽  
Paola Carvajal ◽  
Javier García Fernández ◽  
Christiaan Gischler ◽  
Carlos Henriquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Climate Events

The Caribbean islands are among the 25 most-vulnerable nations in terms of disasters per-capita or land area, and climate change is only expected to intensify these vulnerabilities. The loss caused by climate events drags the ability of the Caribbean countries to invest in infrastructure and social programs, contributing to slower productivity growth, poorer health outcomes, and lower standards of living. Within this context, building resiliency should become a priority for the Caribbean countries. The series “Building a more resilient and low-carbon Caribbean”, focuses on improving the resiliency, sustainability and decarbonization of the construction industry in the Caribbean.

Fundamentals of Geopolymers and Related Alkali Activated Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Temuujin ◽  
A. Minjigmaa ◽  
U. Bayarzul ◽  
Ts. Zolzaya ◽  
B. Davaabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pond Ash ◽  
Sustainable Usage ◽  
By Products ◽  
Alkali Activated

With the increasing rate of depletion of natural raw materials for production of building materials, their sustainable usage is clearly an important topic for consideration. For instance, 1 tonne ordinary Portland cement (OPC) requires 1.7 tonnes of raw materials, 1.0 tonne of coal and 100 kWh of electricity. One tonne of cement emits 0.8 - 1 tonne of CO2 into atmosphere globally contributing ~5% of total manmade carbon dioxide. Therefore, the development of new, sustainable, low carbon footprint construction materials is an important task for materials scientists and civil engineers. One type of binder that is attracting particular attention around the world is alkali-aluminosilicate chemistry based material the so-called geopolymers. In this presentation we will discuss the fundamentals of geopolymer chemistry and the similarities to and differences from conventional alkali activated materials chemistry. Particular attention will be given to our latest results on the preparation of geopolymer type paste and concrete from fly ash. Mechanical activation of fly ash caused a decrease in porosity with a partial amorphisation of the crystalline constituents. Geopolymer type paste prepared from 30 minute milled Darkhan pond ash showed increase in 7 day compressive strengths by 7 times reaching of 15.4 (4.6) MPa. Keywords: Geopolymer binder, alkali-activated materials, coal combustion by products

scholarly journals Biodegradable Building: A Zero-Waste Medium Density Housing Design For New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Coleman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Zero Waste

<p><b>New Zealand has a serious construction and demolition(C&D) waste issue. A Ministry for the Environment studyfrom 2019 found that 2.9 million tonnes of C&D waste aredisposed of at C&D fills nationwide every year (Ministry forthe Environment, 2019). Averaged across the populationthis equates to nearly 600 kg per person. AucklandCouncil’s ‘Low Carbon Auckland’ plan presents totallandfill waste reduction targets of 30% by 2020, 60% by2030, and ‘zero waste’ by 2040 (Auckland Council, 2014).</b></p> <p>To achieve this goal of zero waste, building materialsmust operate within a closed loop (Baker-Brown, 2017;McDonough & Braungart, 2002). Materials can either bea part of a closed organic loop (natural biodegradablematerials) or a closed technical loop (man-made cycleof reuse) (Baker-Brown, 2017; McDonough & Braungart,2002).</p> <p>This thesis aims to achieve a zero-waste mediumdensity housing design for New Zealand that maximisesthe use of biodegradable building materials. However,it is hypothesised along with Sassi (2006) that bothbiodegradable and reusable components will be requiredto achieve zero waste. This thesis also seeks the mostsuitable biodegradable materials for New Zealand’sclimate and the optimum construction approach tosupport these materials. This research also contributestowards reducing the embodied energy and greenhousegas emissions of the New Zealand building industry.</p> <p>The most suitable biodegradable materials for New Zealandwere selected based on availability and performance foundto be untreated timber, clay plaster and, straw and woolinsulation. In-situ construction, prefabricated wall panelsand, standardised block modules were then compared tofind the most suitable construction approach to supportthese materials and was found to be prefabricated wallpanels. A building design was then pursued driven by theneed to protect the biodegradable insulation materialsfrom moisture infiltration. The design is then integratedwithin a site in Upper Hutt to address the demand forhousing densification and demonstrate the potential forapplication of biodegradable materials to an urban settingat the scale of a medium density housing development.</p> <p>A detailed BIM model of the building design was producedfrom which volumes of individual components wereextracted and categorised regarding their biodegradabilityor reusability or lack thereof. This was done to determinethe proportion and quantity of biodegradable materials andwaste generated by the design. An identical design usingconventional New Zealand materials and constructiontechniques was also produced for comparison.</p> <p>Biodegradable materials made up 82% of the final designconstruction by volume and 91% of the construction byvolume was diverted from landfill (reusable componentsmade up 9% of the construction). This suggests thatAuckland Council’s goal of 60% waste reduction by 2030 istheoretically possible for developments of a similar scaleto the final design. However, the goal of ‘zero waste’ by2040 seems unobtainable even if significant improvementsare made.</p>

scholarly journals Biodegradable Building: A Zero-Waste Medium Density Housing Design For New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Coleman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Zero Waste

<p><b>New Zealand has a serious construction and demolition(C&D) waste issue. A Ministry for the Environment studyfrom 2019 found that 2.9 million tonnes of C&D waste aredisposed of at C&D fills nationwide every year (Ministry forthe Environment, 2019). Averaged across the populationthis equates to nearly 600 kg per person. AucklandCouncil’s ‘Low Carbon Auckland’ plan presents totallandfill waste reduction targets of 30% by 2020, 60% by2030, and ‘zero waste’ by 2040 (Auckland Council, 2014).</b></p> <p>To achieve this goal of zero waste, building materialsmust operate within a closed loop (Baker-Brown, 2017;McDonough & Braungart, 2002). Materials can either bea part of a closed organic loop (natural biodegradablematerials) or a closed technical loop (man-made cycleof reuse) (Baker-Brown, 2017; McDonough & Braungart,2002).</p> <p>This thesis aims to achieve a zero-waste mediumdensity housing design for New Zealand that maximisesthe use of biodegradable building materials. However,it is hypothesised along with Sassi (2006) that bothbiodegradable and reusable components will be requiredto achieve zero waste. This thesis also seeks the mostsuitable biodegradable materials for New Zealand’sclimate and the optimum construction approach tosupport these materials. This research also contributestowards reducing the embodied energy and greenhousegas emissions of the New Zealand building industry.</p> <p>The most suitable biodegradable materials for New Zealandwere selected based on availability and performance foundto be untreated timber, clay plaster and, straw and woolinsulation. In-situ construction, prefabricated wall panelsand, standardised block modules were then compared tofind the most suitable construction approach to supportthese materials and was found to be prefabricated wallpanels. A building design was then pursued driven by theneed to protect the biodegradable insulation materialsfrom moisture infiltration. The design is then integratedwithin a site in Upper Hutt to address the demand forhousing densification and demonstrate the potential forapplication of biodegradable materials to an urban settingat the scale of a medium density housing development.</p> <p>A detailed BIM model of the building design was producedfrom which volumes of individual components wereextracted and categorised regarding their biodegradabilityor reusability or lack thereof. This was done to determinethe proportion and quantity of biodegradable materials andwaste generated by the design. An identical design usingconventional New Zealand materials and constructiontechniques was also produced for comparison.</p> <p>Biodegradable materials made up 82% of the final designconstruction by volume and 91% of the construction byvolume was diverted from landfill (reusable componentsmade up 9% of the construction). This suggests thatAuckland Council’s goal of 60% waste reduction by 2030 istheoretically possible for developments of a similar scaleto the final design. However, the goal of ‘zero waste’ by2040 seems unobtainable even if significant improvementsare made.</p>

scholarly journals EXPLORING GREEN FEATURES THAT MAKE BUILDING MATERIALS GREEN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rathnayake ◽  
◽  
D. Soorige ◽  
S.D.I.A. Amarasinghe ◽  
P. Dissanayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Green Building Materials

The construction industry plays a significant role in the economic growth of a country. Nevertheless, the construction industry has created severe adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, green building technologies are implemented to alleviate the adverse effects of the construction industry. Using green materials instead of conventional building materials with high environmental impacts has been identified as one such implementation. However, there seems to be much confusion in defining green building materials. Hence, it is vital to explore the features of green building materials. Therefore, this article investigates green features that qualify the building materials as green building materials. A qualitative research approach was selected as the research methodology, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven green building experts. The data was analysed using content analysis. Findings revealed that recycled content, local availability of materials, embodied energy of materials, use of rapidly renewable material, usage of waste material for the production process, material wastage content in the production process and pollution prevention in the production process are the green features. The study results guide the identification of green building materials that can replace the materials with poor environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kljajevic ◽  
Miljana Mirkovic ◽  
Sabina Dolenec ◽  
Katarina Ster ◽  
Mustafa Hadzalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Alkali Activated

The potential re-use of red mud in the building and construction industry has been the subject of research of many scientists. The presented research is a contribution to the potential solution of this environmental issue through the synthesis of potential construction materials based on red mud. A promising way of recycling these secondary raw materials is the synthesis of alkali-activated binders or alkali activated materials. Alkali-activated materials or inorganic binders based on red mud are a new class of materials obtained by activation of inorganic precursors mainly constituted by silica, alumina and low content of calcium oxide. Since red mud contains radioactive elements like 226Ra and 232Th, this may be a problem for its further utilization. The content of naturally occurring radionuclides in manufactured material products with potential application in the building and construction industry is important from the standpoint of radiation protection. Gamma radiation of the primordial radionuclides, 40K and members of the uranium and thorium series, increases the external gamma dose rate. However, more and more precedence is being given to limiting the radiological dose originating from building materials on the population these days. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of alkali activation-polymerization processes on the natural radioactivity of alkali activated materials synthesized by red mud (BOKSIT a. d. Milici, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their structural properties. This research confirmed that during the polymerization process the natural radioactivity was reduced, and that the process of alkali activation of raw materials has an influence on natural radioactivity of synthesized materials.

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