scholarly journals Decaying hardwood associated fungi showing signatures of polyethylene degradation

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7056-7070
Author(s):  
Prameesha Perera ◽  
Anushi Suwanethya Deraniyagala ◽  
Maduri Piumi Sashikala Mahawaththage ◽  
Harshini Herath ◽  
Chandima Shashikala Kumari Rajapakse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Decay Fungi

The involvement of wood decay fungi and the importance of their enzymes in polyethylene degradation is well documented. Therefore, decay-resistant hardwood associated fungi should be better degraders with their versatile enzymatic systems. In the current study, decaying hardwood associated fungi were isolated and their ability to degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was assessed. Thirty-three isolates were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Randomly selected isolates were tested for laccase producing abilities. Three species were selected to test their potentials in LDPE sheet degradation. Fungi were incubated in Czapek-Dox broth containing 20-micron LDPE sheets at room temperature for 60 days. The biodegradation signatures were assessed by analyzing the changes in structural characteristics of LDPE using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), percent reduction of tensile properties, and weight loss. FTIR analysis revealed changes in certain functional groups compared with the control, indicating chemical changes resulting from the treatment. LDPE sheets incubated with fungi showed cracks and holes under SEM analysis, percent reduction in tensile properties, and weight loss, which are the signatures of degradation. This study revealed that the hardwood decaying basidiomycetes, Phlebiopsis flavidoalba, Schizophyllum commune, and Phanerodontia chrysosporium have the potential for in vitro LDPE degradation.

scholarly journals Relative In Vitro Wood Decay Resistance of Sapwood from Landscape Trees of Southern Temperate Regions

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Baietto ◽  
A. Dan Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Landscape Trees

The development of wood decay caused by 12 major root-rot and trunk-rot fungi was investigated in vitro with sapwood extracted from nine ornamental and landscape hardwood and conifer species native to southern temperate regions of North America, Europe, and the lower Mississippi Delta. Wood decay rates based on dry weight loss for 108 host tree–wood decay fungi combinations were compared at 21 °C over 1-year and 2-year incubation periods in the absence of tree-resistance mechanisms. Strains of Armillaria mellea, Ganoderma lucidum, and Heterobasidion annosum exhibited the highest decay potential in most tree species tested. The order of fungi causing the greatest decay varied over time as a result of temporal changes in decay-rate curves. Relative wood durability or resistance to decay generally was greater in gymnosperm than in angiosperm wood types. Quercus nuttallii, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Quercus lyrata sustained the highest levels of decay by all fungi. Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) sapwood was most resistant to decay by all rot-fungi tested, sustaining only limited weight loss after 1 and 2 years of decay, although sapwood of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Platanus occidentalis had relatively low levels of decay after 2 years. These results in combination with data from portable decay-detection devices provide useful information for the management of tree breakages or failures resulting from wood decay fungi in hazardous landscape trees. Some potential landscaping applications for tree evaluations, risk assessments, and selections for tree-replacement plantings are discussed.

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

scholarly journals The Composition, Anti-mildew and Anti-wood-decay Fungal Activities of the Leaf and Fruit Oils of Juniperus Formosana from Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chang Su ◽  
Kuan-Ping Hsu ◽  
Eugene I-Chen Wang ◽  
Chen-Lung Ho
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Active Source ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
Type Apparatus

In this study, anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the leaf and fruits essential oil and its constituents from Juniperus formosana were evaluated in vitro against seven mildew fungi and four wood decay fungi, respectively. The main compounds responsible for the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities were also identified. The essential oil from the fresh leaves and fruits of J. formosana were isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. The leaf oil mainly consisted of α-pinene (41.0%), limonene (11.5%), α-cadinol (11.0%), elemol (6.3%), and β-myrcene (5.8%); the fruit oil was mostly α-pinene (40.9%), β-myrcene (32.4%), α-thujene (5.9%) and limonene (5.9%). Comparing the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the oils suggested that the leaf oil was the most effective. For the anti-mildew and anti-wood-decay fungal activities of the leaf oil, the active source compounds were determined to be α-cadinol and elemol.

scholarly journals DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK KULIT JATI (Tectona grandis Linn F) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR PELAPUK KAYU Schizophyllum commune Fries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferry Vernando Hutabarat ◽  
Farah Diba ◽  
Lolyta Sisillia
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

The aim of the research was to examine the antifungal activity and the most effective concentration of teak bark (Tectona grandis Linn F) extract in inhibiting wood decay fungi Schizophyllum commune Fries. Teak bark was derived from BKPH Ledok, Sambong district, Blora Regency, West Java. The Teak bark made into particle with size pass of 40 mesh and retained 60 mesh. Then one kilogram of teak bark particle was maceration with 10 liter of aquadest. The extract then mixes with potatoes dextrose agar (PDA) with several concentration i.e. 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% and pour into petri dish. One isolate of Schizophyllum commune was put in the center of PDA in each petri dish then incubated for nine days. The bioactive compound of extract teak bark was evaluation used phytochemical screening. Result of the research showed that teak bark extract at concentration 0.25% and 0.5% has antifungal activity values was 27.98% and 40.38% and categorized as medium inhibition growth of S. commune. Meanwhile at concentration 0.75% and 1% the AFA values was 59.94% and 65.51% categorized as strong inhibition growth of S. commune. The bioactive compounds from phytochemical screening test were alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, fenolik, antrakuinon, and saponin. The extract of teak bark with concentration 0.75% and 1% are the most effective concentrations in inhibiting the growth of wood decay fungi S. commune Fries.Keywords : antifungal, phytochemical screening test, Schizophyllum commune, Tectona grandis

scholarly journals Effects of copper and silver nanoparticles on growth of selected species of pathogenic and wood-decay fungi in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (02) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska ◽  
Adam Szaniawski ◽  
Jacek Olchowik ◽  
Stanisław Drozdowski
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

scholarly journals Detection and Identification of Decay Fungi in Spruce Wood by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Amplified Genes Encoding rRNA

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 4725-4734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Jasalavich ◽  
Andrea Ostrofsky ◽  
Jody Jellison
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT We have developed a DNA-based assay to reliably detect brown rot and white rot fungi in wood at different stages of decay. DNA, isolated by a series of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and organic extractions, was amplified by the PCR using published universal primers and basidiomycete-specific primers derived from ribosomal DNA sequences. We surveyed 14 species of wood-decaying basidiomycetes (brown-rot and white-rot fungi), as well as 25 species of wood-inhabiting ascomycetes (pathogens, endophytes, and saprophytes). DNA was isolated from pure cultures of these fungi and also from spruce wood blocks colonized by individual isolates of wood decay basidiomycetes or wood-inhabiting ascomycetes. The primer pair ITS1-F (specific for higher fungi) and ITS4 (universal primer) amplified the internal transcribed spacer region from both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes from both pure culture and wood, as expected. The primer pair ITS1-F (specific for higher fungi) and ITS4-B (specific for basidiomycetes) was shown to reliably detect the presence of wood decay basidiomycetes in both pure culture and wood; ascomycetes were not detected by this primer pair. We detected the presence of decay fungi in wood by PCR before measurable weight loss had occurred to the wood. Basidiomycetes were identified to the species level by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the internal transcribed spacer region.

Chitin as an indicator of the biomass of two wood-decay fungi in relation to temperature, incubation time, and media composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Nilsson ◽  
Jonny Bjurman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Cell wall chitin was determined in the mycelia of the brown rot fungus Neolentinus lepideus (Lentinus lepideus) and an isolate of the soft rot fungus Phialophora sp. to study the correlation to mycelial dry mass. The fungi were incubated as liquid cultures for three incubation periods at three temperatures in six nutrient media with varying levels and combinations of carbon and nitrogen. The glucosamine yield was found to be maximized by hydrolysis at 90°C for 48 h. The chitin content in the studied fungi varied from 8.3 to 39.8 μg.mg-1for N. lepideus and 7.7 to 46 μg.mg-1for the Phialophora isolate. The chitin concentration was remarkably constant, about 10 μg.mg-1, in mycelia growing on the low nitrogen malt extract medium. An experiment with wood blocks indicated that chitin may be a good marker for total fungal biomass production, including living and dead mycelia, in early stages of wood decay (dry weight loss <6%). At higher dry weight losses, the chitin content reaches a plateau or decreases despite continuing degradation as determined by the dry weight loss. The chitin content of visible mycelia growing on wood was determined for both fungi and found to be 19.1 and 12.9 μg.mg-1for N. lepideus and the Phialophora isolate, respectively.Key words: chitin, wood-decay fungi, utility poles, brown rot, soft rot, glucosamine, colorimetry.

Decomposition of Nothofagus wood in vitro and nutrient mobilization by fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Clinton ◽  
P. K. Buchanan ◽  
J. P. Wilkie ◽  
S. J. Smaill ◽  
M. O. Kimberley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Contents

The role of fungi in determining rates of wood decomposition and nutrient release in forest ecosystems is poorly understood. The decomposition of wood from three species of Nothofagus by 12 species of widely occurring New Zealand wood-decay fungi was investigated in vitro under standardized conditions. Wood mass loss varied strongly among fungal species and to a lesser extent with the species of wood. The species of fungi in this study were divided into three groups based on the extent of mass loss after 15 weeks: (1) rapid (>65% reduction in mass, Fomes hemitephrus , Pleurotus purpureoolivaceus , Trametes versicolor , and Ganoderma cf. applanatum), (2) intermediate (15%–30%, Phellinus sp., Schizopora radula , Phellinus nothofagi , and Skeletocutis stramenticus ), and (3) slow (<10%, Armillaria novaezelandiae , Postia pelliculosa , Australoporus tasmanicus , and Laetiporus portentosus ). For several fungal species, the final contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium in the remaining wood exceeded the initial nutrient contents in the wood, indicating that nutrient sequestration from the supporting soil matrix occurred during decomposition. Nutrient dynamics during decomposition varied with wood species, but the variation among different fungal species was much greater, indicating that fungal diversity is an important factor in determining nutrient flux in decaying wood.

scholarly journals Attempts at active protection of Inonotus obliquus by inoculating birches with its mycelium

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Piętka ◽  
Andrzej Grzywacz
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
Artificial Introduction ◽  
Forest District

Practical application of active protection methods of <em>Inonotus obliquus</em> (Fr.) Pilát. was examined. Thirty live birches and 15 birch stem sections were artificially inoculated with the fungal mycelium in the Mińsk Forest District (E Poland). The mycelium of <em>I. obliquus</em> was not recorded in the felled test trees and birch stem sections upon the completion of the experiment. Artificial introduction of <em>I. obliquus</em> in the natural environment faces significant problems caused by strong competition from other birch wood-decay fungi. As <em>in vitro</em> studies show (individual biotic effect determination), the fungi examined, occurring on birch trees in nature, are dominant species in relation to <em>I. obliquus</em>.

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