scholarly journals SUBSTANCINIAI IR PROCEDŪRINIAI PRAKTINIO RACIONALUMO ASPEKTAI

Problemos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 90-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenonas Norkus
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Ecological Rationality ◽  
Herbert Simon ◽  
Procedural Rationality ◽  
Substantive Rationality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Rationality

Straipsnis aptaria Herberto Simono nubrėžtą substancinio ir procedūrinio racionalumo perskyrą. Ši perskyra sukūrė konceptualias prielaidas empiriniams žmogiškojo racionalumo ribų tyrimams. Šie tyrimai turi dvi prieigas, besiskiriančias pažinimo ir pasirinkimo euristikų samprata. Vienos prieigos šalininkai (Davidas Kahnemanas, Amosas Tversky) euristikas supranta kaip žmogiškojo racionalumo anomalijų ir patologijų šaltinį, kitos (Gerdas Gigerenzeris) – kaip substancinio racionalumo simuliacijos efektyvios priemonės, dėl kurių žmogaus elgesys paprastai būna ekologiškai racionalus. Nagrinėjant šio euristikų dvilypumo priežastis, atskleidžiamos tam tikros dviprasmybės ir neaiškumai pačioje procedūrinio ir substancinio racionalumo skirtyje. Būtent ji gali reikšti skirtumą tarp informacijos apdorojimo proceso ir jo produkto; skirtumą tarp teisingų, bet nepraktiškų algoritmų ir neteisingų, bet praktiškų euristikų; skirtumą tarp „formos“ ir „turinio“ problemas sprendžiančiame elgesyje. Tą skirtį problemišką ir paslankią daro ir žinojimo apie racionalumą refleksyvus pobūdis: racionalumo teorijos transformuoja savo objektą, t. y. žmogiškąjį racionalumą. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: racionalaus pasirinkimo teorija, substancinis ir procedūrinis racionalumas, racionalumo anomalijos, ekologinis racionalumas.Substantive and Procedural Dimensions of Practical Rationality Zenonas Norkus SummaryThe article discusses the distinction between substantive and procedural rationality made by Herbert Simon, which has provided the conceptual framework for the empirical research on the boundaries of human rationality. In this research, two approaches with a different understanding of heuristics for cognition and choice are distinguished. In the first approach (David Kahneman, Amos Tversky), heuristics is interpreted as a source of the pathologies in human rationality. In the second (Gerd Gigerenzer), they are conceived as a means for an effective simulation of substantive rationality, making human behaviour ecologically rational. Discussing the reasons for this Janusfaced duplicity of heuristics, some ambiguities in the distinction between the procedural and substantive rationality are disclosed. This distinction may mean (1) the difference between the process and the product of information processing; (2) the distinction between correct but unpracticable alghoritms and incorrect but practical heuristics in information processing itself, and (3) between the form and the content (substance) in the problem solving behaviour. Another source of the problems with this distinction is reflexivity of the knowledge about rationality, i. e. the impact of the theories of rationality on their object (human rationality). Keywords: rational choice theory, substantive and procedural rationality, anomalies of rationality, ecological rationality. sans-serif;">

Fewer voters, higher stakes? The applicability of rational choice for voter turnout in Quebec municipalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 990-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Breux ◽  
Jérôme Couture ◽  
Nicole Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Multivariate Regression Model ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Rational Voter ◽  
The Impact

Municipal voter turnout is often considered to be a function of electorate size. According to the rational choice theory of voter behavior, a rational voter is more inclined to abstain in the presence of larger electorates, and more likely to participate in smaller ones. This article examines the impact of electorate size on voter turnout using a multivariate regression model to explain voter participation in Quebec municipalities in the 2009 and 2013 local elections ( N = 1040). Several other assumptions pertaining to the rational voter are also tested. We find that rational choice theory explains 45% of municipal voter participation in these Quebec elections and that it supports the probability of pivotal voting. Our analysis also confirms that the number of electors, number of mayoral candidates, tax rate, presence of a political party, and incumbency have different effects on participation in small and large municipalities.

Emotions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Elster
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Science Inquiry ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Belief Formation ◽  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Actor Model ◽  
Rational Actor ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the role of emotions in the explanation of behavior. It first provides an overview of complexities associated with the term ‘emotion’ before discussing the link between emotions and rationality. In particular, it considers the rational choice theory of action and the notion of emotional choice, along with the impact of emotion on substantive preferences, formal preferences, beliefs and belief formation, and information-gathering. The article argues that emotions governing action should not be deemed inaccessible to analytic social-science inquiry. Even if emotions trigger actions and reactions discontinuous with prior action streams, emotions do not make the rational-actor model fail. Emotions can determine belief and urgency-based emotions can determine outcomes.

Impact of ImPACT : a program evaluation of a northwest Missouri school distric's impact concussion program

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jason Wellington Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Program ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Program Success ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Document Review ◽  
The Impact

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] The purpose of this qualitative case study program evaluation was to explore the current process being used to implement the ImPACT concussion program in a Northwest Missouri School District (District X). In addition, this study also added to the body of literature regarding the evaluation of the implementation of concussion programs under the Missouri Concussion Law. This study was guided through the lenses of Rational Choice Theory and Program Evaluation to aid the focus of the study. The overarching questions that guided the research are as followed; what were the intended purposes of District X‟s ImPACT program? What process and procedures have been put into place to fulfill the intended purposes and State mandates? How are athletes, coaches, administration, doctors, parents and teachers educated about the ImPACT program? How are athletes, coaches, administration, doctors, parents, teachers implementing process and procedures of the ImPACT program? This qualitative study used review of previous literature, document review, interviews, observations field notes and focus groups to obtain data. Findings of the data took the form of five themes. The themes were theme one there is a need for the ImPACT program. The second theme Program is conceptualized in a manner that will work, Theme three ImPACT program was implemented according to programming, theme four ImPACT has an impact on intended targets and Theme five Cost Effectiveness. The findings from the study provide District X and any other district implications of practice when implementing an ImPACT concussion program for their athletes and areas to consider when doing a program evaluation to ensure program success.

NONVIOLENT COUNTERTERRORISM MEASURES AND INTERNAL SECURITY OF AFRICAN STATES: A REVIEW OF NIGERIA’S AMNESTY POLICY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
John Kalama ◽  
◽  
Jacob Ogedi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Impact

This paper strived to unravel the impact of nonviolent counterterrorism measures on the internal security of African states with specific reference to Nigeria’s amnesty policy in Niger Delta region. The study adopted the rational choice theory of terrorism as its theoretical framework and derived its data from secondary sources which included official policy documents from, Nigeria’s amnesty office including textbooks, journal articles and internet materials etc. Data collected from these sources were analysed through qualitative method and content analysis. Findings from the study shows that nonviolent counterterrorism measures and strategies through post-conflict disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programmes have helped in resettling several ex-combatants and their families back to the society in several African states including Nigeria, Burundi, Rwanda, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) etc. In the same vein, the study observed that the use of military force (violent counterterrorism measures and strategies) by states has also helped to escalate and prolong conflicts in Africa. Some recommendations were made which included the need to strengthen civil-military relations especially in the area of intelligence gathering and dissemination. There is need for African states to also engage in counter-radicalization of their citizens through massive investments in education, public enlightenment and socio-economic development, and the provision of basic social amenities.

scholarly journals Modal Sosial Sebagai Strategi Pemulihan Pasca Gempa Di Desa Gondang Kecamatan Gangga Kabupaten Lombok Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
Wen Farizi Zullam ◽  
Syarifuddin Syarifuddin ◽  
Maya Atri Komalasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Recovery Strategy ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Community Ties ◽  
The Impact

The study was entitled "Social Capital as a Post-Earthquake Recovery Strategy in Gondang Village, Gangga District, North Lombok Regency." The impact of the earthquake not only resulted in damage to infrastructure and, residential buildings, and other social facilities, but earthquakes also result in psychological conditions and underdevelopment of socio-economic life, which is caused by the paralysis of all sectors of the people's line of life. This research is a qualitative research which aims to explain and find social capital owned by the community in the post-disaster recovery process in Gondang village, Gangga District, North Lombok Regency. The focus of this research is to find and identify forms of social capital in the village of Gondang, then how the form of social capital is used as a post-earthquake recovery strategy. This study aims to identify the forms of social capital, and find out the form of social capital as a post-earthquake recovery strategy. This study uses the theory and concept of social capital from James S. Coleman who was born from his rational choice theory. This research also uses qualitative methods using case studies, and data and information collection techniques using in-depth interviews, field observations and documentation results that contain photos, videos and other documents obtained from various parties. Activities in data analysis are data reduction, data presentation, approval / verification, and credibility The results showed the form of social capital in Gondang Village community consisting of beliefs, networks and norms. Community trust in religion, trust in government, trust in volunteers, and trust in community members. The formed network is a network originating from inside and outside the community, inside network is a relation from P3A and KWT, and network from outside is a relation from ACT. As well as the values and norms that are still implemented by the community, namely dead gawe and live gawe, as well as the subak and loving system. While the form of social capital is the result of traditions or customs in the form of sangkep, ngibukang, and nembakuh. As well as values and norms in the form of strong community ties and solidarity, which are the result of the application of inherent traditions or customs.

scholarly journals An Analysis on the Impact of Choice Overload to Consumer Decision Paralysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Jessa Mae Adriatico ◽  
Angela Cruz ◽  
Ryan Christopher Tiong ◽  
Clarissa Ruth Racho-Sabugo
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Choice Overload ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Complexity Preference ◽  
The Impact

As consumers make purchase decisions, they often encounter a large number of options from which they base their choices. Traditional theories such as the Rational Choice theory imply that the more options involved, the more beneficial for the consumer. However, recent studies suggest otherwise. One such study is that of Choice Overload, a phenomenon in which individuals encounter difficulty when they are presented with too many options. Some studies show that Choice Overload causes paralysis in analysis in different industries. Decision Paralysis is the abandonment of making a decision due to overanalysis. The paper focused on proving if Decision Paralysis would take place when there is Choice Overload by analyzing whether the different antecedents of Choice Overload, namely Decision Task Difficulty, Choice Set Complexity, Preference Uncertainty, Decision Goal, and Asymmetric Information, would be affected by the number of options available. A survey was used to measure the different variables, and the data were analyzed through logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression. The results of this study indicate that Decision Task Difficulty and Asymmetric Information directly impact Choice Overload, which then contributes to the high probability of the occurrence of Decision Paralysis. It is difficult for consumers to choose when more options are offered; thus, abandoning their purchasing decision.

Rational Choice and Political Power

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Dowding
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Structural Explanation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Rational Choice and Political Power is a classic text republished with two new chapters. It critiques the three dimensions of power showing that we can explain everything the dimensions are designed to highlight using the tools of rational choice theory. It argues power is best seen as a property of agents, and can be measured by looking at their relative resources. Breaking down power resources into five abstract categories we can see why groups of individuals can fail to secure their best interests due to the collective action problem. We can also define objective interests in through the lens of collective action. Despite power being seen as a property of agents rational choice models of power provide structural Explanation. The power and luck structure is the relationship in agential resource-holding given agents preferences. The book explains the difference between power and systematic luck – the latter is where groups, including powerful ones – can get what they want without doing anything simply because of their social location in the power and luck structure. The book engages with some feminist critiques of seeing power in rational choice terms and includes some methodological discussion of the relationship of methodological individualism and structuralism and then that the concept of power is essentially contested. This book’s unique interaction with both classical and contemporary debates makes it an essential resource for anyone teaching or studying power in the disciplines of sociology, philosophy, politics or international relations.

scholarly journals Lean Enough: Institutional Logics of Best Practice and Managerial Satisficing in American Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 237802311773694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Sociological Institutionalism ◽  
Aspiration Levels ◽  
Worker Empowerment ◽  
Capitalist Firm

Rational choice theory has been widely criticized for its unrealistic assumptions that individuals have perfect information and computer-like information processing capability, which are used to maximize utility. Sociological institutionalism and the behavioral theory of the firm have developed complementary alternatives. I combine the two into a single model of information processing. Institutional logics are central to top-down (schema-driven) processes that focus attention and guide action. Satisficing—settling for good enough based on a given aspiration level—is critical to bottom-up (feedback-driven) information processing. Here I show that two practices associated with the postfordist logic of the capitalist firm—lean production and worker empowerment—are deeply institutionalized as best practice in the American manufacturing field. Based on interviews with 109 individuals in 31 firms, I demonstrate how moderate aspiration levels and conceptual schemas associated with formerly dominant fordist institutional logics both function to limit the adoption of best practice.

scholarly journals NEO-INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT

2016 ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Y. I. Vaslavskiy ◽  
S. V. Gabuev
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Electronic Interaction ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the neo-institutional approach as a methodological basis in the study of electronic government. In this article substantiates the choice of neo-institutional approach to the study of the processes of implementation of information and communication technologies in the activity of state institutions, analyzes the differences of neoinstitutionalism from traditional institutional approach, considers the features of the different directions of neo-institutionalism, namely sociological, historical and rational choice theory. Attention is paid to the reasons for the renewed interest in political institutions in political science. The article emphasizes the importance of considering the electronic government as an institution, and the conditions for its implementation in the Russian political system as the institutional environment. The authors pay special attention to the variety of sociological neo-institutionalism, used, in addition to political science in sociology of organizations. The article substantiates the value of using sociological institutionalism to explore the electronic government based on a comparative analysis of e-government projects in Russia and abroad and explores its heuristic capabilities. It examines the impact of the system of norms and values of the institutional environment on the processes of formation and development of electronic government in Russia. The research capacity of this theory is due to the fact that it allows us to trace the reasons for copying and replication of inefficient practices and organizational and management schemes, to identify the factors impeding innovation use by the state of electronic interaction technologies. It is emphasized that the use of the theory of institutional isomorphism is useful in the sphere of implementation of electronic technologies, in which a key role play pluralism, horizontal managerial communication, inter-agency coordination.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of Access to Financial Services by Farmers in Emerging Economies: Implication for Empirical Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadson Awunyo-Vitor
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Delegated Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion on the theoretical and conceptual framework on issues relating to access to financial services. The discussion begins by providing details of various theories that underpin the demand and supply side of access to financial services. The supply dimension of access to financial services is guided by the information asymmetry theory and the transaction cost theory, while the key demand dimension theories are the delegated monitoring theory and the rational choice theory. In the later sections, a conceptual framework was developed for the empirical evaluation of access to financial services and its impact on productivity with particular reference to farmers in emerging economies. The last section provides the concluding remarks, which recommends the use of empirical analyses to access factors influencing access and the impact of the access to farmers’ productivity.

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