scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of braiding river

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
LUO Ching- Ruey
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Braided River ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Secondary Currents ◽  
Braided Channel ◽  
Complicated Mechanism

Braided river reaches and alluvial systems are characterized by their multi-threaded planform and agents of sediment transport due to eroding and deposing to form the bars and riffles. In braided river, frequent sediment transport and the quick shifting of the positions about the river channel induce many attentions discussion and relating a complicated consideration of the combinations of disciplines. In this article we introduce its fundamental characteristics and further the complicated mechanism in the literature and methodologies. The braided channel ecology and the management of braided river are mentioned and discussed, especially, the secondary currents, in this paper we explain in detail, the combinations on multiplying of 2-D flow of the velocity fluctuations. The interdisciplinary approach on linking engineers, earth scientists and social scientists concerned with environmental economics, planning, and societal and political strategies in order to fully evaluate the validity and reliability of different selections to various timescales is really sensitive. Furthermore, the requirements of public education on reinforcing about the mechanism of braided river formation will be obviously important and necessary.

International Financial Centres after the Global Financial Crisis and Brexit

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Technology

This book gathers leading economic historians, geographers, and social scientists to focus on the developments in key international financial centres following the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and to consider the likely effects of Brexit on these centres. Eleven centres in eight countries are taken into consideration: New York, London, Frankfurt, Paris, Zurich/Geneva, Hong Kong/Shanghai/Beijing, Tokyo, and Singapore. The book addresses three main issues. The first is the hierarchy of international financial centres, in particular whether Asian financial centres have taken advantage of the crisis in the West. The second is the medium-term effects of the crisis, with respect to the volume of business activity (including employment), and the level of regulation, with concerns regarding the risks of regulatory overkill. And the third is the rise of new technology, known as fintech, possibly the most important change in the decade following the crisis, with questions as to whether it will render financial centres, as we know them, unnecessary for the functioning of the global economy, and which cities are likely to emerge as hubs of new financial technology. Finally, the book discusses the likely effects of Brexit on international financial centres, in particular London, Paris, and Frankfurt. The book takes a decidedly interdisciplinary approach, with a general introduction providing a global overview from a historical perspective, and a general conclusion providing a global overview from a geographical perspective. Its focus on the implications for global financial centres is unique among books about the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis.

scholarly journals Protest Event Analysis: Developing a Semiautomated NLP Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110216
Author(s):  
Jasmine Lorenzini ◽  
Hanspeter Kriesi ◽  
Peter Makarov ◽  
Bruno Wüest
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
News Sources

Protest event analysis is a key method to study social movements, allowing to systematically analyze protest events over time and space. However, the manual coding of protest events is time-consuming and resource intensive. Recently, advances in automated approaches offer opportunities to code multiple sources and create large data sets that span many countries and years. However, too often the procedures used are not discussed in details and, therefore, researchers have a limited capacity to assess the validity and reliability of the data. In addition, many researchers highlighted biases associated with the study of protest events that are reported in the news. In this study, we ask how social scientists can build on electronic news databases and computational tools to create reliable PEA data that cover a large number of countries over a long period of time. We provide a detailed description our semiautomated approach and we offer an extensive discussion of potential biases associated with the study of protest events identified in international news sources.

scholarly journals Hydro-morphodynamics 2D modelling using a discontinuous Galerkin discretisation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Clare ◽  
James Percival ◽  
Stephan Kramer ◽  
Athanasios Angeloudis ◽  
Colin Cotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Discontinuous Galerkin ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Secondary Currents ◽  
Meandering Channel ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Coastal Ocean Model ◽  
High Degree

<p>The development of morphodynamic models to simulate sediment transport accurately is a challenging and highly complex process given the non-linear and coupled nature of the sediment transport problem. We implement a new depth-averaged coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model within the coastal ocean model Thetis, built using the code generating framework Firedrake which facilitates code flexibility and optimisation benefits. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first full morphodynamic model using a discontinuous Galerkin based finite element discretisation, to include both bedload and suspended sediment transport. We apply our model to problems with non-cohesive sediment and account for effects of gravity and helical flow by adding slope gradient terms and parametrising secondary currents. For validation purposes and to demonstrate model capability, we present results from the common test cases of a migrating trench and a meandering channel comparing against experimental data and the widely used model Telemac-Mascaret.</p><p>There is a high degree of uncertainty associated with morphodynamic models, in part due to incomplete knowledge of various physical, empirical and numerical closure related parameters in both the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic solvers. We therefore also present examples of how an adjoint model can be used to calibrate or invert for the values of these parameters from either experimental results or real-world erosion profiles.</p>

Built Objects

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass Bailey ◽  
Lesley McFadyen
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neolithic Europe ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
European Architecture

This article presents two bodies of work, both of which take an interdisciplinary approach to the study of buildings from Neolithic Europe. The first connects archaeology to theories in architectural history, while the second creates links between archaeology and art. This article works through four ideas about architecture which the article offers as disconnected propositions. There is no easy narrative for this article, just as there is none for the living built environment of the past or the present. This article proposes that archaeologists step away from accepted and comfortable knowledge of architectural form and interpretation. The aim of this article is to work through four case studies from our work on prehistoric European architecture. The case studies illuminate four propositions, which are offered as provocations for further work on architecture by archaeologists but also by anthropologists and other social scientists and humanities scholars whose work engages architecture concludes this article.

scholarly journals Spatial Variability Pattern of Hyporheic Exchange in a braided River

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01098
Author(s):  
Guangdong Wu ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Jijun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Hyporheic Exchange ◽  
Braided River ◽  
Downward Flow ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Braided Channel ◽  
Variability Pattern ◽  
Heat As A Tracer

The streambed flux is variable in space; the spatial variability results in part from bedforms, but few works on streambed fluxes in channels with strongly abrupt varying bedforms are carried out. Heat as a tracer to delineate the streambed flux pattern has been widely adopted in numerous fields. In this paper, a braided channel with complicated topography was selected as study site, where the temperature was monitored. One-dimensional (1-D) analytical method based on the amplitude attenuation (Ar) and 1-D numerical method were used to interpret the temperature. As a result, streambed fluxes of a total of 50 sites in the braided channel are obtained. From the results we can know the magnitude and direction of streamed flow velocity are spatially variable, even within a 1-m distance. Then, this study summarizes five bedform-driven flux patterns: ① downward flow driven by the head difference between groundwater and stream, ② downward flow related to a meter-scale pool, ③ a transition from upward to downward flow associated with a centimeter-scale riffle, ④ horizontal flow in braided bars and ⑤ upward flow driven by vegetation roots. Overall, multiple physical mechanisms together contributed to the complex streambed flow system, which reflected great challenges for the scaling up of point-in-space seepage flux.

scholarly journals Research methods and techniques of the phraseological stock studies in the Mari language

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Linguistic Methods

The article analyzes in detail methodological framework used for phraseological stock studies in the Mari language. It results in increasing level of validity and reliability of the research. The subject of the article is the methods and techniques of phraseological studies (general scientific, philosophical and specialized ones). The objective of this research is to reveal the methodological procedures used to study phraseological units of the Mari language. The article is based on monographs, articles, textbooks, theses on phraseology of the Mari language. When considering the methodological framework for phraseological studies in the Mari language, it employed general research methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization and chronological classification combined with specialized linguistic techniques (e.g. data collection method) within diachronic and synchronic approaches. The first research into the field of Mari phraseology are characterized by the application of semantic and contextual analyses in order to systematize and classify phraseological units. The interpretation of empirical material is closely connected with the semantic description, valence and communicative-functional methods. Further development of the methodology is related to the application of culture and historical, anthropological and linguistic genetic approaches, as well as the elements of transformational analysis and syntactic modeling. Modern phraseological science takes into consideration interdisciplinary approach while exploring phraseological stock of the Mari language. In the initial state of the development of phraseology the most productive techniques in Mari linguistics were general research methods of description and analysis (semantic-syntactic, structural, componential and contextual ones). In 1980–1990 methodological framework was supplemented by specialized linguistic methods of comparative-historical, typological, comparative and communicative-functional studies. Nowadays interdisciplinary approach interpreted from psycholinguistic, linguoculturological and cognitivistic standpoints is widely applied to reveal the nationally significant concepts functioning in the described linguoculture.

scholarly journals Braided rivers networks dynamics: analyzing topographic data from a large flume experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Papa ◽  
Christophe Ancey
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Braided River ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Braided Channel ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

<p>Braided rivers are highly dynamical systems characterized by varying network-like structures even under quasi-steady conditions. Understanding their dynamics is crucial in geomorphology and river engineering (e.g., river restoration in Alpine and piedmond streams). Open questions about these dynamics include the definition and quantitative description of bed equilibrium. Here we propose to tackle this problem using a new method based on graph theory. This algorithm, called low-path allows one to extract the network structure of a braided river from its Digital Elevation Model (DEM). It is then possible to quantify and analyse the dynamics of the braided system, and not just the bed evolution, as has been done in earlier studies. To assess the dynamics and equilibrium of a braided river, we study two runs representing two distinct phases of the same braided river: the transition from a single channel to a braided river (run 1) and the equilibrium state of this river (run 2). A set of control parameters was used to characterise both runs and supplement the low-path method. We find that although a clear distinction can be made between straight channel and braided channel for both methods, it is more difficult to distinguish between transitional braided and equilibrium braided rivers. Finally we propose a set of dimensionless numbers that specify the braided network and can be used with numerical or stochastic simulations of a braided network. To illustrate their utility, we apply the Low Path method to a real Alpine braided river (the River Navisence, Wallis, Switzerland) and compare the results to our experimental data.</p>

Equity and Access

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Equity And Access ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
State And Market ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Equity and Access attempts to unravel the complex narrative of why inequities in the health sector are growing and access to basic health care is worsening, and the underlying forces that contribute to this situation. It draws attention to the way globalization has influenced India’s development trajectory as health care issues have assumed significant socio-economic and political significance in contemporary India. The volume explains how state and market forces have progressively heightened the iniquitous health care system and the process through which substantial burden of meeting health care needs has fallen on the individual households. Twenty-eight scholars comprising social scientists, medical experts, public health experts, policy makers, health activists, legal experts, and gender specialists have delved into the politics of access for different classes, castes, gender, and other categories to contribute to a new field of ‘health care studies’ in this volume. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach within a broader political-economy framework, the volume is useful for understanding power relations within social groups and complex organizational systems.

scholarly journals Navigating Bulkeley’s challenge on climate politics and human geography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
The Social

While agreeing with the major tenets of Harriet Bulkeley’s timely and powerful argument for geographers (and social scientists more generally) to engage with climate change, this response raises three provocative challenges that arise from this intervention: the degree to which the epistemological and theoretical bases to these arguments are radical, the nature of the engagement problem in the discipline and, perhaps most importantly, how these arguments can be translated to a ‘progressive politics’. The response argues that there is much further to go in explaining the utility of socio-natural understanding of climate change if those beyond the social sciences and in the wider realm of policy and politics are to be convinced of the power of the approach being advocated. It also argues that geographers are well-positioned to develop the bolder and more interdisciplinary approach needed to achieve the kind of ambitious shift in thinking Bulkeley seeks.

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