scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of preventive interventions against malaria during antenatal care of pregnant women from 2014 to 2018 in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamgboye M Afolabi ◽  
Victor A Adelusi ◽  
Waheed Folayan ◽  
Oladipo B Akinmoladun ◽  
Feyijimi Egunjobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
F Statistics

Background: Malaria is a major public health burden that is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria infection during pregnancy can be deleterious not only to the mother but also the fetus. The objective of this study was to evaluate malaria programme and the utilization of malaria commodities between 2014 and 2018 in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Materials and methods: This study analyzed malaria-related indicators tracked on a routine basis in Ondo State, Nigeria. A retrospective cohort analysis of data retrieved from the District Health Information Management version 2.0 (DHISv2.0) database was conducted. Data was analyzed using Stata 13 statistical software. The prevalence of utilization of ANC and the proportions of pregnant women accessing malaria commodities were assessed using frequency tabulation, means, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlation coefficient for association among some variables was employed. Results: The mean proportion of women who had at least 1 ANC visit during the period of study was 34.3±3.9, highest in 2017 (39.1±14.8) and lowest in 2018 (26.8±12.1). The overall mean proportion of women who had at least 4 ANC visits during pregnancy was 20.3±14.1 (F-statistics=2.88, P-value=0.03), highest in 2015 (25.9±18.9) and lowest in 2018 (14.0±10.6) and the mean proportion of those who had at least 1 ANC visit before 20 weeks of pregnancy was 38.1±10.0 (F-statistics=5.63, P-value=0.0005), highest in 2017 (45.4±10.7) and lowest in 2014 (32.6±9.1). During the study period, significant variations were observed in the mean proportion of pregnant women who received LLIN at first ANC visit (F-statistics=9.52, P-value=0.00001) and those who received IPTs at ANC revisit (F-statistics=5.17, P-value=0.0009) but not in the proportion of pregnant women with anemia. None of the indicators for malaria in pregnancy correlated with anemia rate during the study period. Geographical variations observed in the measured indicators were discussed. Conclusion: This study observed disparity in proportion of pregnant women assessing ANC services and in the proportion of those that utilized malaria commodities from 2014 to 2018. Residential variances, and geographical locations were detected in the consumption of ANC services. Areas farthest from the state capital, such as the Atlantic Ocean coastline in the south and the Savannah ecological zone in the north seemed to have low utilization of ANC. The State Malaria Elimination Program should be supported strongly in terms of technical and financial assistance to improve ANC service utilization throughout the State. The disparity in ANC accessibility in Ondo State will further reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality as well as improve the socio-economic living standards of the people.

scholarly journals Assessing microscopic and rapid diagnostic tests for malaria among pregnant women with fever in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Bamgboye M Afolabi ◽  
Waheed Folayan ◽  
Titilola M Afolabi ◽  
Oladipo B Akinmoladun ◽  
Feyijimi Egunjobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
F Statistics

Background: Malaria as a health burden in sub-Saharan Africa is well-known. Information about access to programs by pregnant women during early antenatal care (ANC) visits and the impact on the burden of malaria is limited. Objective: To evaluate the utilization of malaria control services among pregnant women with fever between 2014 and 2018 in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Materials and methods: Between 2014 and 2018, malaria-related indicators including the proportion of pregnant women with fever who were investigated with microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) were tracked in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data were captured using the District Health Information Management version 2.0 (DHISv2.0) and analyzed using Stata 13 statistical software. Results: Throughout the study period, the mean (±sd) percentage of pregnant women with fever tested for malaria parasites with microscopy in all the LGAs was 2.71 (4.87) with the lowest and highest means (±sd) occurring in 2016 as 1.20 (1.71) and in 2018 as 5.47 (7.93) respectively with no significant difference (F-statistics=2.25; P-value=0.07).A statistically significant variation (F-statistics=34.90; P-value=0.0000001) was observed in the overall mean (±sd) proportion of pregnant women with fever who were tested for malaria with RDT over the study period with the lowest as 57.0 (15.2) in 2014 and the highest as 96.2 (4.1) in 2017.This level of significance was reflected mostly in the coastal (F-statistics=15.05; P-value=0.0000001) and in the rainforest (F-statistics=12.86; P-value=0.0000001) ecological zones of the state but much less in the Savannah ecological zone (F-statistics=3.23; P-value=0.04).There was no significant correlation (Pearson’s r=0.160, P-value=0.141) between fever cases that tested positive using microscopy and fever cases that tested positive with RDT. A noteworthy variation (F-statistics=3.96, P-value=0.005) was observed in the proportion of fever cases that tested positive with RDT but not with microscopy. Overall mean (±sd) proportion of pregnant women with confirmed fever cases was 76.66 (15.06), mostly in the Savannah ecological system (81.84±21.18) throughout the study period. Conclusion: Data from this study suggests that RDT gradually replaced microscopy in testing for malaria among pregnant women in Ondo State of Nigeria. It also suggests that some ecological zones may be more underserved than others in assessing malaria in pregnancy. More technical and financial assistance are needed for the State Malaria Elimination Program to improve ANC service utilization.

scholarly journals The Impact of The Strengthened Gender Sensitive Midwifery Care on Pregnant Women’s Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of Midwifery Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Maryanah Maryanah ◽  
Indra Supradewi ◽  
Tut Barkinah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Midwifery Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Women's Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women’S Knowledge

Background: Gender sensitive midwifery services are needed by women, especially during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. Gender inequality in society has a negative impact on the acceptance of antenatal care for mothers. Gender sensitive midwifery care is needed to improve maternal health status during pregnancy. Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of gender sensitive midwifery care on pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude and acceptance of midwifery care Method: This was a quantitative experimental study with pre-posttest for 1 group design. The subjects of this study were pregnant women who received midwifery care from 40 midwives, totaling 200 pregnant women obtained through purposive sampling in 2 provinces. Paired t-test was used to measure the difference in the results of the variables measured in pregnant women before and after 3 months of the intervention given by midwives. Results: Pregnant women’s knowledge, attitude and acceptance of midwifery care increased after they received intervention from midwives. The mean difference (MD) for knowledge was -2.07 (r=0.864), p value=0.000 in DKI Jakarta, and MD=-2.70 (r=0.467), p value= 0.000 in South Kalimantan. For attitude in DKI Jakarta, MD=-1.03 (r= 0.99, p value=0.000) and in South Kalimantan the mean difference (MD) was -2.8 (r= 0.445, p value=0.000). For acceptance of gender sensitive midwifery care in DKI Jakarta MD=-2.71 (r= 0.67, p value= 0.000) and South Kalimantan MD=-4.5 (r= p value=0.000). Conclusion: There was a difference and increase in score for knowledge, attitude and acceptance of midwifery care with gender sensitivity in pregnant women before and after the intervention was given to the midwives in the two provinces. It takes great attention from midwives to ensure that all pregnant women receive a gender sensitive midwifery care.    

scholarly journals Adolescent, Pregnant, and HIV-Infected: Risk of Adverse Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcomes in Young Women from Southern Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Clara Pons-Duran ◽  
Aina Casellas ◽  
Azucena Bardají ◽  
Anifa Valá ◽  
Esperança Sevene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Sub-Saharan Africa concentrates the burden of HIV and the highest adolescent fertility rates. However, there is limited information about the impact of the interaction between adolescence and HIV infection on maternal health in the region. Data collected prospectively from three clinical trials conducted between 2003 and 2014 were analysed to evaluate the association between age, HIV infection, and their interaction, with the risk of maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women from southern Mozambique. Logistic regression and negative binomial models were used. A total of 2352 women were included in the analyses; 31% were adolescents (≤19 years) and 29% HIV-infected women. The effect of age on maternal morbidity and pregnancy and perinatal adverse outcomes was not modified by HIV status. Adolescence was associated with an increased incidence of hospital admissions (IRR 0.55, 95%CI 0.37–0.80 for women 20–24 years; IRR 0.60, 95%CI 0.42–0.85 for women >25 years compared to adolescents; p-value < 0.01) and outpatient visits (IRR 0.86, 95%CI 0.71–1.04; IRR 0.76, 95%CI 0.63–0.92; p-value = 0.02), and an increased likelihood of having a small-for-gestational age newborn (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.38–0.65; OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.34–0.56; p-value < 0.001), a low birthweight (OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.27–0.59; OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.26–0.53; p-value <0.001) and a premature birth (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.24–0.72; OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.32–0.82; p-value < 0.01). Adolescence was associated with an increased risk of poor morbidity, pregnancy and perinatal outcomes, irrespective of HIV infection. In addition to provision of a specific maternity care package for this vulnerable group interventions are imperative to prevent adolescent pregnancy.

scholarly journals The impact of antenatal care on under‐five mortality in Ethiopia: a difference‐in‐differences analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Oduse ◽  
Temesgen Zewotir ◽  
Delia North
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa, as opposed to other regions, has the highest under-five mortality rates yet makes the least improvement in reducing under-five mortality. Despite the decline, Ethiopia is among the top ten countries contributing the most to global under-five mortalities. This article examines the impact of the number of antenatal care and the timing of first antenatal care on child health outcomes. We specifically investigated if the utilization of antenatal care services positively affects the reduction of under-five mortality. Methods We employ a difference-in-differences design with propensity score matching to identify direct causal effects of antenatal care on under-five mortality based on the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data of 2011 and 2016. Our sample includes 22 295 women between the ages of 14–49 who had antenatal care visits at different times before delivery. Results The study revealed 1 481 cases of reported under-five mortality. 99.0% of that under-five mortality cases are women who had less than eight antenatal care visits, while only 1% of that is by women who had eight or more antenatal care visits. Antenatal care visit decreases the likelihood of under-five mortality in Ethiopia by 45.2% (CI = 19.2–71.3%, P-value < 0.001) while the timing of first antenatal care within the first trimester decreases the likelihood of under-five mortality by 10% (CI = 5.7–15.6%, P-value < 0.001). Conclusions To achieve a significant reduction in the under-five mortality rate, Intervention programs that encourages more antenatal care visits should be considered. This will improve child survival and help in attaining Sustainable Development Goal targets.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY AND CLASSICAL MUSIC THERAPY IN LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH HYPERTENSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-756
Author(s):  
Sri Maisi ◽  
Suryono Suryono ◽  
Melyana Nurul Widyawati ◽  
Ari Suwondo ◽  
Suryati Kusworowulan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background: Hypertension during pregnancy remains high in Indonesia. It is a major cause of maternal death. Aromatherapy lavender and classical music therapy are considered effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertension.Objective: To examine the effect of lavender aromatherapy and classical music therapy in lowering blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension.Methods: A quasy experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. There were 52 pregnant women with the inclusion criteria selected as samples using simple random sampling, divided into lavender aromatherapy group, classical music group, combination of aromatherapy and music group, and control group. Sphygmomanometer was used to measure blood pressure. Mann Whitney and Post Hoc test were used for data analysis.Results: Results showed that four groups have a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure after given intervention with p-value <0.05. The mean decrease of systolic blood pressure among four groups was: lavender group (5.77 mmHg), music group (7.23 mmHg), combination group (9.54 mmHg), and control group (3.67 mmHg); and the mean decrease of diastolic blood pressure was: the lavender group (2.77 mmHg), music group (0.61 mmHg), combination group (8.23 mmHg), and control group (3.42 mmHg).Conclusion: there was a significant effect of lavender aromatherapy and classical music therapy in lowering blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. However, the combination of both interventions was more effective than lavender aromatherapy or music therapy alone.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Seropositive HIV and HBsAg Cases among Women Booking for Antenatal Care at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. A. Awoyesuku ◽  
D. A. Macpepple ◽  
B. O. Altraide ◽  
D. H. John
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
State University ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State

Background: Infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are global public health problems. These infections during pregnancy increase the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality, and also pose a risk to the fetus due to mother to child transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of seropositive HIV and HBsAg cases amongst pregnant women at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Methodology: A retrospective review of hospital and laboratory records of all pregnant women booked at RSUTH in two years, from May 2017 to April 2019, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, parity and educational level and reactivity of HIV and HBsAg test at booking were retrieved using structured proforma and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7. Test for significance using Chi-square was set at a significant level of P<0.05. Results: 3560 patients had HIV and HBsAg screening out of which 148 (4.2%) and 9 (0.3%) respectively were positive. The comorbidity rate in this study was 0.06%. The mean age was 31.5±4.7 years and the mean gestational age at booking was 22.1±6.8 weeks. There was no significant relationship between their age (χ2 = 2.690, p-value=0.442) and parity (χ2 = 3.759, p-value = 0.145) with HIV seropositivity, but these were significant for HBsAg (χ2 = 13.691, p-value = 0.003) (χ2 = 13.121, p-value=0.001).  Educational status was significant for HIV (χ2 = 16.188, p-value=0.000) but not for HBsAg (χ2 = 0.229, p-value=0.892). Conclusion: The seroprevalence rate of HIV and HBsAg in this study were low. HIV seroprevalence was significantly affected by lower education, while HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly affected by younger maternal age and nulliparity. Continued screening of pregnant women for these infections remains valuable and further community-based studies to identify risk factors are recommended.

scholarly journals Study of outcome of the treatment with intravenous iron sucrose in moderately anaemic pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3480
Author(s):  
Kohila Kalimuthu ◽  
Vanusha Avudaithangam
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Moderate anaemia seen in about 15-20% of pregnant women. Iron sucrose complex which is used intravenously for the correction of Iron deficiency anaemia. The drug has been able to raise the haemoglobin to satisfactory level when used in moderately anaemic iron deficient pregnant women. The objective of this study was to study the improvement of Hb% after treatment with intravenous Iron sucrose complex in moderately anaemic pregnant women belonging to 24-32 weeks of gestational age.Methods: 50 antenatal patients between gestational age 24-32 weeks with hemoglobin between 8-9.5g/dl were selected and included in this study. They were subjected to blood hemoglobin estimation, hematocrit and peripheral smear study. In each infusion, the maximum total dose administered was 200 mg iron sucrose in 100 ml of normal saline, slow IV infused over 30 minutes. Monitoring was done throughout the infusion to observe for any side effects.Results: Mean hemoglobin among the 50 patients before starting the therapy was 8.172g/dl and the mean hemoglobin at the end of one month of completing the therapy was 11.066g/dl. The rise in mean hemoglobin i.e. the difference in the mean hemoglobin before and after treatment was 2.894g/dl. The p value is 0.0001 which is statistically significant. The mean hematocrit of the 50 patients studied before starting the treatment was 26.772% with a standard deviation of 1.914. The mean hematocrit after completing the therapy was 33.872% with a standard deviation of 1.321. The difference in the mean hematocrit was 7.100% with a p value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant.Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose complex is well tolerated and highly efficacious in improving hemoglobin, hematocrit in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in antenatal women.

The Bootstrap Analysis of One-Way ANOVA Stability in the Case of the Ceramic Shell Mould of Airfoil Blade Casting

2015 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczotok ◽  
Jacek Nawrocki ◽  
Aneta Gądek-Moszczak ◽  
Maciej Kołomycki
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Wax Pattern ◽  
Bootstrap Approach ◽  
Shell Mould ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Blade Casting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
F Statistics

The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a classic tool for an identification of discreet factors impact on the measurable output by a specific decomposition on a total variance according to the scheme proposed by R.A Fisher in the 1920s. There are many explicit and implicit assumptions required as a preliminary of ANOVA computations. The ANOVA computations scheme is well known and implemented in many types of software but all estimations are provided with the assumption of a normal and homoscedasticity distribution of the noise disturbing the output. Computation procedures produce a single number output (e.g. F statistics, p-Value) without any analysis of their own dispersion. This paper analyzes the ANOVA output using the bootstrap approach. It seems to be the most convenient as a data-driven procedure. The source raw data are taken from the image analysis conducted during the investigation of the impact of the ceramic layer thickness on the wax pattern assembly of a turbine blade on the (γ+γ’) eutectic in the IN713C superalloy.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Yee ◽  
Woorim Kim ◽  
Ji Min Han ◽  
Ha Young Yoon ◽  
Nari Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. We searched for qualified studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their infants were reported as means and proportions with 95% confidence interval. Eleven studies involving with 9032 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 338 infants were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnant women with COVID-19 have relatively mild symptoms. However, abnormal proportions of laboratory parameters were similar or even increased, compared to general population. Around 30% of pregnant women with COVID-19 experienced preterm delivery, whereas the mean birth weight was 2855.9 g. Fetal death and detection of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in about 2%, whereas neonatal death was found to be 0.4%. In conclusion, the current review will serve as an ideal basis for future considerations in the treatment and management of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

The Aftermaths of Civil Conflicts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M. Johnson ◽  
Clayton L. Thyne
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
International System ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

The devastating Syrian civil war that began after the Arab Spring in 2011 has reminded the international community of the many consequences of civil war. However, this conflict is simply one of many ongoing conflicts around the globe. Civil war has a number of effects on individual lives, the country experiencing the conflict, as well as the international system more broadly. The humanitarian costs of civil war are steep. Individuals are negatively impacted by civil war in a myriad of ways. Three main areas of research are of interest: mortality, physical and mental trauma, and education. Several factors increase the number of deaths in a civil war, including a lack of democracy, economic downturns, and foreign assistance to combatants. Even if civilians survive conflict, they are likely to endure trauma that affects both mental and physical health. Strong evidence indicates that civil war spreads infectious diseases and severely diminishes life expectancy. Mental health is also likely to suffer in the face of conflict, as individuals often must overcome debilitating trauma. Finally, children are particularly susceptible in civil war settings. Children are often unable to continue their education as a consequence of civil war because combatants often target schools strategically or the state is unable to fund education as a result of funneling resources to the conflict. Civil wars also pose a number of threats to the state itself. First, a state that has experienced a civil war is much more likely to have another civil war in its future. Conflict recurrence has been explained through the type of settlement that concludes the initial civil war, institutions that may prevent recurrence like proportional representation, and the role of third parties in providing peace-ensuring security guarantees. Beyond recurrence of war, scholars have looked at the impact that civil wars have on state-level institutions, including democratization. While most state-level effects of civil war seem to be deleterious, there may also be positive effects, specifically in terms of female representation. Civil war in sub-Saharan Africa has been shown to increase the number of female representatives, perhaps providing an avenue for gender equality. Civil wars have ripple effects that impact neighboring countries and the international system more broadly. Proximate states are often challenged with an influx of refugees that may burden social programs or facilitate the spread of diseases and illicit arms. However, positive consequences of hosting refugees may include trading opportunities or economic growth from remittances. Moving beyond proximate states, civil wars have consequences for the entire globe. For example, civil wars have been demonstrated to spur international terrorism. The civil war literature has explored the various effects of conflict at the individual, state, and interstate level.

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