scholarly journals NEURAL CORRELATES OF SIMPLE SENSOMOTOR REACTION AS MARKERS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING SPEED IN MILITARY VETERANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
O.I. Podkovka ◽  
◽  
M.Y. Makarchuk ◽  
N.B. Filimonova ◽  
O.S. Knyr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Middle Occipital Gyrus

We examined the latent periods (LP) of simple sensorimo- tor reaction (SSMR) and peculiarities of brain connectiv- ity during carrying out tests on SSMR in the group of veterans of Joint Forces Operation (JFO) and in military men-patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). To this aim, we used a computer test with coherent analysis of EEG. Differences in brain activation were analyzed by LORETA method. It was shown that the speed of SSMR in the group of JFO veterans was significantly lower than in the con- trol group. The LP of SSMR in the group of JFO veterans were 279 ms vs 258 ms in the control group. Comparative analysis of SSMR LP in the group of JFO veterans and in the group with PTSD as well as group with mTBI did not reveal significant differences. The EEG study and coherent analysis showed a significant decrease in the brain connectivity in the group of JFO veterans compared to control group, especially in the low frequency ranges. There were no significant differences in brain activation between the JFO veterans, PTSD and mTBI patients, but JFO veterans had significantly lower activation of cu- neus, middle occipital gyrus and lingual gyrus compared to control group. Conclusively, in order to detect hidden brain lesions, an additional medical examination may be recommended for JFO veterans.

Changes of 5-HT1A receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1081-1081
Author(s):  
F.F. Luo ◽  
F. Han ◽  
X.Y. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Raphe ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dorsal Raphé

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized mainly by symptoms of reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal as a consequence of catastrophic and traumatic events that are distinguished from ordinary stressful life events. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is an established animal model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The dorsal raphe nucleus (DR)-serotonin (5-HT) system is dramatically affected by swim stress and has been implicated in affective disorders. The 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) is critically involved in regulating mood and anxiety levels.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated changes in the expression of 5-HT1AR in DR of rats after SPS which may reveal part of the pathogenesis of PTSD.MethodsRats were randomly divided into 24h, 4d and 7d groups after SPS and a normal control group, 5-HT1AR expression in DR was examined using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe expression of 5-HT1AR in DR after SPS exposure was increased when compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest increase of 5-HT1AR in DR of SPS rats, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD rats.

Coping Strategies in PTSD

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikloš Biro ◽  
Zdenka Novović ◽  
Vesna Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Combat Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The One

The aim of this study is to analyse the type of coping strategies used by patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For that purpose, two groups of war veterans (40 subjects in each group) were compared. The first group was made up of patients with PTSD, and the second (control) group comprised veterans who suffered combat trauma, but did not show any PTSD symptoms. Coping strategies were assessed using the Questionnaire of Coping Responses (McCrae, 1984).The results show that out of 118 items (examples of coping strategies) 10 show statistically significant differences between the group with PTSD and the one without it. PTSD patients used more maladaptive strategies (avoidance, pseudo-planning, fantasizing, impulsive and depressive behaviour), while subjects from the control group were more likely to use the strategy of controlling impulses.

Psychiatric morbidity in bus crews following violent assault: a follow-up study

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Fisher ◽  
Robin Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Violent Assault

SynopsisIn a prospective study 22 bus crews who were victims of physical assault were assessed using standardized psychiatric instruments, followed up for 18 months and compared to a non-assaulted control group drawn from the same bus garage. At initial assessment the assaulted group, compared to the controls showed a significant increase in psychiatric impairment and distress (as measured by the GHQ-30 and IES respectively), with 23% of assault victims developing post-traumatic stress disorder as defined by DSM-III-R. At follow-up, while high levels of both psychiatric impairment and distress persisted there was evidence that they may be separate phenomena.

scholarly journals Evaluation of secondary post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in the spouses of chemical warfare victims 20 years after the Iran–Iraq war

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khodabakhsh Ahmadi ◽  
Mahmood Reshadatjoo ◽  
GholamReza Karami ◽  
Nariman Sepehrvand ◽  
Pegah Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aims and methodPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been reported in 90% of chemical warfare victims in previous studies. An individual's traumatic experience(s) may affect the lives of other family members as well. This cross-sectional case–control study compared the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the husbands, the secondary PTSD symptoms in the wives and also aimed to identify if there was an association between the PTSD symptoms of the couples in the case group. Cases were 150 husband–wife couples where husbands were civilians exposed to chemical warfare; the controls were 156 husband–wife couples where there was no such exposure. Both cases and controls were recruited from Sardasht in Iran; this Kurdish city was attacked by four 250 kg sulphur mustard warheads in June 1987.ResultsAcross three sets of cut-off points for the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD symptomotology (<120 and ⩾121; <106 and ⩾107; and <65, 65–130 and > 130) wives in the case group demonstrated higher rates of PTSD symptoms than did those in the control group; the difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, husbands in the case group had a significantly higher overall mean score (123.0 (s.d. = 17.2)) than the husbands in the control group (112.3 (s.d. = 21.7); P<0.001, t = 4.80). There was no statistically significant association between the overall PTSD score of the husbands in the case group with that of their wives (P = 0.274, correlation coefficient 0.092).Clinical implicationsHusbands who were exposed to the chemical agents reported higher PTSD symptoms and there were higher rates of PTSD symptoms among the wives of individuals who were exposed to chemical warfare. Study results suggest the need for coordinated treatments, policy efforts and interventions to improve the wellbeing of chemical warfare victims and their caregiver wives.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Network Brain Dysfunction Correlates With Temporal Complexity in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingliang Dai ◽  
Zhou Zhou ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Modulation ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Level ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract BackgroundResearch has been looking into neural pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dynamic functioning connectivity (dFC) applying resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Previous studies showed that PTSD related impairments are associated with alterations distributed across different brain regions and disorganized functional connectivity, especially in Default Mode Network and the cerebellar area. In this study, we specifically looked into dFC on a whole brain level, and we focused on critical regions such as DMN and cerebellum. MethodsTo explore the characteristics of dFC among patients with PTSD, we collected rs-fMRI data from 27 PTSD patients and 30 healthy controls. The study also added a control group of 33 trauma-exposed individuals to further look into trauma impact. Utilizing group spatial independent component analysis (ICA), the dynamic properties on whole brain level were detected with sliding time window approach, and k-means clustering. ResultsTwo reoccurring FC “States” were identified, with connections being more concentrated on a within-network level in one state and more strongly inter-connected in the other state. Abnormalities in dFC were found within DMN, between DMN and cerebellum, and between DMN and visual network. ConclusionsThe findings were in accordance with the study hypothesis that PTSD patients demonstrated deficits in emotional modulation and dysfunctional self-referential thoughts, and the deficits could be indicated in dFC alterations. Abnormalities in dFC among PTSD patients could serve as appropriate indicators of PTSD symptoms including depression and anxiety, hypervigilance, as well as impaired cognitive functioning and self-referential information processing.

scholarly journals Identification of DNA Methylation Changes That Predict Onset of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Physical Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina A. Martin ◽  
Rany Vorn ◽  
Martin Schrieber ◽  
Chen Lai ◽  
Sijung Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
And Control

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are commonly experienced after exposure to highly stressful events, including physical trauma, yet, biological predictors remain elusive. Methylation of DNA may provide key insights, as it likely is reflective of factors that may increase the risk in trauma patients, as DNA methylation is altered by previous stressors. Here, we compared DNA methylation patterns using bisulfite sequencing in patients with a physical trauma that required more than a 24-h hospitalization (n = 33). We then compared DNA methylation in patients who developed and compared the following groups (1) PTSD and MDD; n = 12), (2) MDD (patients with MDD only; n = 12), and (3) control (patients who did not have PTSD or MDD; n = 9), determined by the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) at 6-months follow-up. We identified 17 genes with hypermethylated cytosine sites and 2 genes with hypomethylated sites in comparison between PTSD and control group. In comparison between MDD and control group, we identified 12 genes with hypermethylated cytosine sites and 6 genes with hypomethylated sites. Demethylation of these genes altered the CREB signaling pathway in neurons and may represent a promising therapeutic development target for PTSD and MDD. Our findings suggest that epigenetic changes in these gene regions potentially relate to the onset and symptomology of PTSD and MDD and could be used as potential biomarkers in predicting the onset of PTSD or MDD following traumatic events.

scholarly journals Impact of TBI, PTSD, and Hearing Loss on Tinnitus Progression in a US Marine Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce E Clifford ◽  
Dewleen Baker ◽  
Victoria B Risbrough ◽  
Mingxiong Huang ◽  
Kate A Yurgil
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Introduction Mild TBI (TBI) is associated with up to a 75.7% incidence of tinnitus, and 33.0% of tinnitus patients at the US Veterans Administration carry a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). Yet factors contributing to new onset or exacerbation of tinnitus remain unclear. Materials and Methods Here we measure intermittent and constant tinnitus at two time points to ascertain whether pre-existing or co-occurring traumatic brain injury (TBI), hearing loss, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) predicts new onset, lack of recovery and/or worsening of tinnitus in 2,600 United States Marines who were assessed before and after a combat deployment. Results Ordinal regression revealed that constant tinnitus before deployment was likely to continue after deployment (odds ratio [OR] = 28.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.84,83.26). Prior intermittent tinnitus increased risk of post-deployment constant tinnitus (OR = 4.95, CI: 2.97,8.27). Likelihood of tinnitus progression increased with partial PTSD (OR = 2.39, CI: 1.50,3.80) and TBI (OR = 1.59, CI: 1.13,2.23), particularly for blast TBI (OR = 2.01, CI: 1.27,3.12) and moderate to severe TBI (OR = 2.57, CI: 1.46,4.51). Tinnitus progression also increased with low frequency hearing loss (OR = 1.94, CI: 1.05,3.59), high frequency loss (OR = 3.01, CI: 1.91,4.76) and loss across both low and high frequency ranges (OR = 5.73, CI: 2.67,12.30). Conclusions Screening for pre-existing or individual symptoms of PTSD, TBI, and hearing loss may allow for more focused treatment programs of comorbid disorders. Identification of those personnel vulnerable to tinnitus or its progression may direct increased acoustic protection for those at risk.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Music on Quality of Life and Anxiety Symptoms in the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Bustan Hospital of Ahvaz City

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Ebtesam Jasemi Zergani ◽  
Farah Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

<p>The present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of music on quality of life and anxiety symptoms of the veterans with post traumatic stress disorder in Bustan hospital of Ahvaz City. 40 persons were selected by simple random sampling method from the aforementioned population. The research design was an experimental one of type pretest-posttest with control group. Quality of Life inventory SF-36 (2005) and Spielberger Anxiety inventory (2005) were used for collecting the data. After selecting groups randomly, pretest was implemented on both experiment group (20 persons) and control group (20 persons). Then, music therapy intervention was implemented on the experiment group during 20 sessions each of which with 45 minutes. At the end of subject program, both groups were given posttest. Data were analyzed by using the multivariate covariance analysis. Results showed that presenting music can affect quality of life and anxiety symptoms of the veterans with posttraumatic stress disorders and this effect remained stable after one month of follow-up. Therefore, presenting music can be effective in treating the veterans with stress disorders after the accident.</p>

Investigating cultural differences in the effects of expressive suppression when processing traumatic distressing material

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 658-671
Author(s):  
Amanda Nagulendran ◽  
Peter J. Norton ◽  
Laura Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Group Change

AbstractBackground:While suppression is associated with detrimental post-traumatic psychological adjustment, research has not considered the effect of culture on this relationship.Aims:This study investigated cultural differences in the effects of expressive suppression, whilst watching a traumatic film, on subjective distress, psychophysiological responses and intrusive memory.Method:Australians of European heritage or East Asian Australian participants (n = 82) were randomly assigned to either a suppression group (instructed to suppress their emotions during the film) or a control group (no instructions regarding emotion management). Electrodermal activity, heart rate and heart rate variability (root mean square of the successive differences; RMSSD) were measured pre-, during and post-film. Participants reported the number of film-related intrusions in the 5 min and 7 days post-viewing.Results:While the European Australian group did not differ significantly on RMSSD, the East Asian suppression group scored significantly higher on RMSSD during the film than the East Asian control group. Second, those in the suppression groups, regardless of cultural background, reported significantly fewer intrusions immediately post-film than controls. Third, we found that for the European Australian group, change in heart rate interacted with group (control versus suppression) when predicting weekly intrusions. However, for the East Asian group change in heart rate did not interact with group when predicting weekly intrusions.Conclusions:The findings are discussed in the context of current research on culture and emotion regulation and implications for post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-traumatic stress symptoms linked to hidden Holocaust trauma among adult Finnish evacuees separated from their parents as children in World War II, 1939–1945: a case-control study

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Andersson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic

ABSTRACTBackground: The aim of this study was to identify long-term effects of diagnostic criteria on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) for a test group of Finnish evacuees from World War II and compare the outcome effect with a control group of children who lived in Finland during the war in 1939–1945.Methods: 152 participants were recruited by the local leader of the Finnish War Child Association in Sweden and Finland. The selected group answered questions on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C) and the EMBU (Swedish acronym for “Own Memories of Parental Rearing”).Results: Evidence suggests a link between childhood parental separation and termination of the internalized attachment hierarchy of origin in a detachment process among Finnish evacuees. Based on the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Total (PCL-C) diagnosis an extreme traumatization for 36.7% of the test group subjects was identified, including a hidden Holocaust trauma in the population of Finnish evacuees.Conclusions: The study met the criteria for satisfying global evidence value. Sixty-five years after the end of World War II and in line with other studies on war children, the data show high levels of different trauma exposures from the war with 10.6 higher risk (odds ratio) for the exposed group of Finnish evacuees. Despite some limitations, the data highlight the need for further investigation into different parts of the detachment process among seriously traumatized groups to reveal resilience and other dimensions of importance in professional mental health creation.

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