Analysis and modification of graphic data compression algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Bouza M.K. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Jpeg 2000 ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Graphic Data ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Lzw Algorithm

The article examines the algorithms for JPEG and JPEG-2000 compression of various graphic images. The main steps of the operation of both algorithms are given, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The main differences between JPEG and JPEG-2000 are analyzed. It is noted that the JPEG-2000 algorithm allows re-moving visually unpleasant effects. This makes it possible to highlight important areas of the image and improve the quality of their compression. The features of each step of the algorithms are considered and the difficulties of their implementation are compared. The effectiveness of each algorithm is demonstrated by the example of a full-color image of the BSU emblem. The obtained compression ratios were obtained and shown in the corresponding tables using both algorithms. Compression ratios are obtained for a wide range of quality values from 1 to ten. We studied various types of images: black and white, business graphics, indexed and full color. A modified LZW-Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm is presented, which is applicable to compress a variety of information from text to images. The modification is based on limiting the graphic file to 256 colors. This made it possible to index the color with one byte instead of three. The efficiency of this modification grows with increasing image sizes. The modified LZW-algorithm can be adapted to any image from single-color to full-color. The prepared tests were indexed to the required number of colors in the images using the FastStone Image Viewer program. For each image, seven copies were obtained, containing 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256 colors, respectively. Testing results showed that the modified version of the LZW algorithm allows for an average of twice the compression ratio. However, in a class of full-color images, both algorithms showed the same results. The developed modification of the LZW algorithm can be successfully applied in the field of site design, especially in the case of so-called flat design. The comparative characteristics of the basic and modified methods are presented.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Satellite Imagesusing Image Sharpening Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 351-354
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Grayscale Image ◽  
Original Image ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Equalization Technique ◽  
The Difference

In many image processing applications, a wide range of image enhancement techniques are being proposed. Many of these techniques demanda lot of critical and advance steps, but the resultingimage perception is not satisfactory. This paper proposes a novel sharpening method which is being experimented with additional steps. In the first step, the color image is transformed into grayscale image, then edge detection process is applied using Laplacian technique. Then deduct this image from the original image. The resulting image is as expected; After performing the enhancement process,the high quality of the image can be indicated using the Tenengrad criterion. The resulting image manifested the difference in certain areas, the dimension and the depth as well. Histogram equalization technique can also be applied to change the images color.

scholarly journals A Coordinate Displacement Compensation Based Quality Enhancement Method for Chroma Subsampling and Upsampling on VVC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Liang Chung
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Screen Content ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Client Side

<div>Prior to encoding an input RGB full-color image I<sup>RGB</sup>, at the server side, performing chroma subsampling on the converted chroma image is a necessary step. After receiving the decompressed subsampled chroma image and luma</div><div>image at the client side, performing chroma upsampling is also a necessary step for reconstructing the RGB full-color image. In this paper, we consider seven commonly used chroma subsampling methods, denoted by C<sub>s</sub>, and four widely used chroma upsampling methods, denoted by C<sub>u</sub>. For each combination c<sub>s</sub>-c<sub>u</sub> in C<sub>s</sub>xC<sub>u</sub>, we first utilize the moment balance law to analyze the coordinate displacement (CD) bias problem occurring in c<sub>s</sub>. Next, for the combination c<sub>s</sub>-c<sub>u</sub>, we analyze the CD bias problem occurring in the transition from the server side to the client side. Then, we explain why the CD bias problem degrades the quality of the reconstructed RGB full-color images in the current coding system. To remedy this CD bias problem, a CD compensationbased (CDC-based) quality enhancement method is proposed to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in this research direction. Based on the IMAX, Kodak, SCI (screen content images), and Video datasets, the comprehensive experimental results have demonstrated that on the newly released versatile video coding (VVC) platform VTM-12.0, the proposed CDC-based quality enhancement method in our augmented coding system can achieve substantial quality improvement for 17 combinations in C<sub>s</sub>xC<sub>u</sub>.</div>

scholarly journals Effective Three-Stage Demosaicking Method for RGBW CFA Images Using The Iterative Error-Compensation Based Approach

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Kuo-Liang Chung ◽  
Tzu-Hsien Chan ◽  
Szu-Ni Chen
Keyword(s):  
Error Compensation ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Color Filter ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Iterative Error

As the color filter array (CFA)2.0, the RGBW CFA pattern, in which each CFA pixel contains only one R, G, B, or W color value, provides more luminance information than the Bayer CFA pattern. Demosaicking RGBW CFA images I R G B W is necessary in order to provide high-quality RGB full-color images as the target images for human perception. In this letter, we propose a three-stage demosaicking method for I R G B W . In the first-stage, a cross shape-based color difference approach is proposed in order to interpolate the missing W color pixels in the W color plane of I R G B W . In the second stage, an iterative error compensation-based demosaicking process is proposed to improve the quality of the demosaiced RGB full-color image. In the third stage, taking the input image I R G B W as the ground truth RGBW CFA image, an I R G B W -based refinement process is proposed to refine the quality of the demosaiced image obtained by the second stage. Based on the testing RGBW images that were collected from the Kodak and IMAX datasets, the comprehensive experimental results illustrated that the proposed three-stage demosaicking method achieves substantial quality and perceptual effect improvement relative to the previous method by Hamilton and Compton and the two state-of-the-art methods, Kwan et al.’s pansharpening-based method, and Kwan and Chou’s deep learning-based method.

Measurement and Comparison of Force Effort During Friction Stir Welding in a Parallel Kinematic 5-Axis Milling Machine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Prasath Manogaran ◽  
Guillaume Racineux ◽  
Jean-Yves Hascoet
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Measuring ◽  
And Control

Friction stir welding (FSW) is so quite promising that leads it to one of the preferred joining process for a wide range of applications especially for Aluminum. FSW machines are very expensive. The objective is to develop a simple and low cost technique to measure and control the force during FSW in a milling machine. Measurement of forces during welding is a difficult task. Many dynamic measuring devices such as dynamometers are available but each have their own advantages and disadvantages. A new approach to measure force while performing weld is discussed. First, incorporation of FSW in PKM 5-axes milling machine is done. The head of the machine is modified to support higher force levels that are generated during FSW. With the help of the NC-Controller, the force values are retrieved from the axes of the machine while performing weld through actuators. Forces were also measured from load cell and compared to estimate the quality of measurement.

scholarly journals A Coordinate Displacement Compensation Based Quality Enhancement Method for Chroma Subsampling and Upsampling on VVC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Liang Chung ◽  
Chen-Wei Kao
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Screen Content ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Client Side

<div>Prior to encoding an input RGB full-color image I<sup>RGB</sup>, at the server side, performing chroma subsampling on the converted chroma image is a necessary step. After receiving the decompressed subsampled chroma image and luma</div><div>image at the client side, performing chroma upsampling is also a necessary step for reconstructing the RGB full-color image. In this paper, we consider seven commonly used chroma subsampling methods, denoted by C<sub>s</sub>, and four widely used chroma upsampling methods, denoted by C<sub>u</sub>. For each combination c<sub>s</sub>-c<sub>u</sub> in C<sub>s</sub>xC<sub>u</sub>, we first utilize the moment balance law to analyze the coordinate displacement (CD) bias problem occurring in c<sub>s</sub>. Next, for the combination c<sub>s</sub>-c<sub>u</sub>, we analyze the CD bias problem occurring in the transition from the server side to the client side. Then, we explain why the CD bias problem degrades the quality of the reconstructed RGB full-color images in the current coding system. To remedy this CD bias problem, a CD compensationbased (CDC-based) quality enhancement method is proposed to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in this research direction. Based on the IMAX, Kodak, SCI (screen content images), and Video datasets, the comprehensive experimental results have demonstrated that on the newly released versatile video coding (VVC) platform VTM-12.0, the proposed CDC-based quality enhancement method in our augmented coding system can achieve substantial quality improvement for 17 combinations in C<sub>s</sub>xC<sub>u</sub>.</div>

scholarly journals 7.2. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF BUSINESS SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MARKET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б.М. Джумъаев
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

В статье исследуются методологические аспекты оценки качества бизнес-услуг. Проводится литературный обзор относительно существующего инструментария оценки и измерения воспринимаемого качества услуг. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки использования различных методик оценки качества бизнес-услуг (SERVQUAL, модель расхождения качества услуги GAP и INDSERV). Выделены основные подходы оценки качества бизнес-услуг с учетом особенностей системы взаимоотношений в данном секторе и факторы, определяющие качество услуг. В статье формирование динамичных моделей качества услуг рассматривается как один из наиболее важных достижений в области развития модели оценки качества услуг. Выделяются проблемы оценки качества результатов бизнес-услуг с учетом широкой номенклатуры таких услуг и трудности нахождения общего показателя измерения качества услуг. Предлагается методика оценки качества бизнес-услуги в зависимости от наличия элементов инновации в показателях, определяющих качество бизнес-услуг. С учетом этого в статье отмечается, что показатели, определяющие наличие элементов инновации в компонентах качества бизнес-услуги, должны создаваться индивидуально для разных услуг, и во многих случаях даже для разных клиентов и разных этапов обслуживания, поскольку желаемый результат для определенной услуги может сильно различаться в зависимости от предприятий клиента и их потребностей в определенных инновационных свойствах бизнес-услуг. The article explores the methodology and models for assessing the quality of business services. It provides the literature review on existing tools for assessing and measuring perceived quality of service. The advantages and disadvantages of using various methods for assessing the quality of business services (SERVQUAL, the model of GAP and INDSERV) are identified. The main approaches to assessing the quality of business services are highlighted, taking into account the characteristics of the relationship system in this sector and the factors that determine the quality of services. In the article, the formation of dynamic models of service quality is considered as one of the most important achievements in the development of a model for assessing the quality of services. The problems of assessing the quality of the results of business services are highlighted, taking into account the wide range of such services and the difficulty of finding a common indicator of measuring the quality of services.On the bases of investigation, a methodology of assessing the quality of business services is proposed, depending on the presence of elements of innovation in indicators of quality of business services. The article notes that the indicators determining the presence of innovation elements in the quality of business services should be created individually for different types of services depending on various cases and customers and different stages of provision service, since the desired result for a particular service can vary greatly depending on the enterprises client and their needs for the innovative nature of business services.

scholarly journals Testing the randomness of shares in color visual cryptography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek J. Chmielewski ◽  
Mariusz Nieniewski ◽  
Arkadiusz Orłowski
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Visual Cryptography ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Reconstructed Image ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Numerical Processing ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Randomness Tests

AbstractThe concept of black-and-white visual cryptography with two truly random shares, previously applied to color images, was improved by mixing the contents of the segments of each coding image and by randomly changing a specified number of black pixels into color ones. This was done in such a way that the changes of the contents of the decoded image were as small as possible. These modifications made the numbers of color pixels in the shares close to balanced, which potentially made it possible for the shares to be truly random. The true randomness was understood as that the data pass the suitably designed randomness tests. The randomness of the shares was tested with the NIST randomness tests. Part of the tests passed successfully, while some failed. The target of coding a color image in truly random shares was approached, but not yet reached. In visual cryptography, the decoding with the unarmed human eye is of primary importance, but besides this, simple numerical processing of the decoded image makes it possible to greatly improve the quality of the reconstructed image, so that it becomes close to that of the dithered original image.

scholarly journals A Coordinate Displacement Compensation Based Quality Enhancement Method for Chroma Subsampling and Upsampling on VVC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Liang Chung ◽  
Chen-Wei Kao
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Server Side ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Screen Content ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Client Side

<div>Prior to encoding an input RGB full-color image I<sup>RGB</sup>, at the server side, performing chroma subsampling on the converted chroma image is a necessary step. After receiving the decompressed subsampled chroma image and luma</div><div>image at the client side, performing chroma upsampling is also a necessary step for reconstructing the RGB full-color image. In this paper, we consider seven commonly used chroma subsampling methods, denoted by C<sub>s</sub>, and four widely used chroma upsampling methods, denoted by C<sub>u</sub>. For each combination c<sub>s</sub>-c<sub>u</sub> in C<sub>s</sub>xC<sub>u</sub>, we first utilize the moment balance law to analyze the coordinate displacement (CD) bias problem occurring in c<sub>s</sub>. Next, for the combination c<sub>s</sub>-c<sub>u</sub>, we analyze the CD bias problem occurring in the transition from the server side to the client side. Then, we explain why the CD bias problem degrades the quality of the reconstructed RGB full-color images in the current coding system. To remedy this CD bias problem, a CD compensationbased (CDC-based) quality enhancement method is proposed to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in this research direction. Based on the IMAX, Kodak, SCI (screen content images), and Video datasets, the comprehensive experimental results have demonstrated that on the newly released versatile video coding (VVC) platform VTM-12.0, the proposed CDC-based quality enhancement method in our augmented coding system can achieve substantial quality improvement for 17 combinations in C<sub>s</sub>xC<sub>u</sub>.</div>

scholarly journals Mark Bland. A Guide to Early Printed Books and Manuscripts. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. x, 236p. ISBN 9781405124126. $104.95

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Black And White ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Thin Volume

A Guide to Early Printed Books and Manuscripts is a thin volume. Given the cost of the book, I expected a massive volume, rich with full-color illustrations. When the book arrived in my mailbox, I was surprised to discover, after a cursory glance, that not only was it brief in length but that the few illustrations present were black and white. However, upon further review, I realized that its length is easily compensated for by the density and quality of content found within it.Within his first paragraph, Bland states that this book was written to complement Gaskell’s A New . . .

scholarly journals Image quality evaluation: JPEG 2000 versus intra-only H.264/AVC High Profile

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Gyu Cho ◽  
Zoran Bojkovic ◽  
Dragorad Milovanovic ◽  
Jungsik Lee ◽  
Jae-Jeong Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Jpeg 2000 ◽  
Image Quality Evaluation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Block Transform ◽  
Blocking Artifact ◽  
Image Transform

The objective of this work is to provide image quality evaluation for intra-only H.264/AVC High Profile (HP) standard versus JPEG2000 standard. Here, we review the structure of the two standards and the coding algorithms in the context of subjective and objective assessments. Simulations were performed on a test set of monochrome and color image. As a result of simulations, we observed that the subjective and objective image quality of H.264/AVC is superior to JPEG2000, except the blocking artifact which is inherent, since it consists of block transform rather than whole image transform. Thus, we propose a unified measurement system to properly define image quality.

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