Measurement and Comparison of Force Effort During Friction Stir Welding in a Parallel Kinematic 5-Axis Milling Machine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Prasath Manogaran ◽  
Guillaume Racineux ◽  
Jean-Yves Hascoet
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Measuring ◽  
And Control

Friction stir welding (FSW) is so quite promising that leads it to one of the preferred joining process for a wide range of applications especially for Aluminum. FSW machines are very expensive. The objective is to develop a simple and low cost technique to measure and control the force during FSW in a milling machine. Measurement of forces during welding is a difficult task. Many dynamic measuring devices such as dynamometers are available but each have their own advantages and disadvantages. A new approach to measure force while performing weld is discussed. First, incorporation of FSW in PKM 5-axes milling machine is done. The head of the machine is modified to support higher force levels that are generated during FSW. With the help of the NC-Controller, the force values are retrieved from the axes of the machine while performing weld through actuators. Forces were also measured from load cell and compared to estimate the quality of measurement.

Welding Performance of a Homemade Friction Stir Welding Tool

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 660-664
Author(s):  
Irfan Hilmy ◽  
Erry Yulian T. Adesta
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Tensile Test Result ◽  
Test Result

Homemade Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Tool utilizing conventional milling machine has been developed. The FSW tool made from mild steel was designed and fabricated. Experimental investigation of FSW process of the Aluminum alloy specimens to observe its mechanical performances was performed. To evaluate its performance, hardness test, tensile test as well as visual inspections of the welding result were performed. Hardness number in the welding region was measured about 40-60% lower than the base metal, and heat affected zone region. The tensile test result varies with maximum 100 MPa. The imperfection of final form of metal due to the stirring mechanism was inspected. The presence of void/crack at cross-section of the welded specimen was observed. It was found that by applying suitable configuration, the use of mild steel as the FSW tool was reasonable for performing FSW process. It was concluded that, using a relatively low cost FSW tool, a quite satisfactory result of welding performance was achieved.

scholarly journals Properties of FSW and MIG Welded Joints of AlSiMg Aluminium Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Sejč Pavol ◽  
Bučány Martin ◽  
Zifčák Peter
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Solid State Joining

AbstractFriction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the modern and constantly evolving technologies of solid state joining and is used for welding a wide range of materials. The main parameters of friction stir welding such as rotational speed of the tool, movement speed and the angle of a tilt are analyzed in this article. 6XXX aluminium alloys have been investigated. The examined mechanical properties of the welds include hardness and strength, which are both important sources of information about quality of welding of the materials used in constructions.

scholarly journals Information and information resources in COVID-19: Awareness, control, and prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110165
Author(s):  
Mohammadhiwa Abdekhoda ◽  
Fatemeh Ranjbaran ◽  
Asghar Sattari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of information and information resources in the awareness, control, and prevention of COVID-19. This study was a descriptive-analytical survey in which 450 participants were selected for the study. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through SPSS. The findings show that a wide range of mass media has become well known as information resources for COVID-19. Other findings indicate a significant statistical difference in the rate of using information resources during COVID-19 based on age and gender; however, this difference is not significant regarding the reliability of information resources with regard to age and gender. Health information has an undisputable role in the prevention and control of pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Providing accurate, reliable, and evidence-based information in a timely manner for the use of resources and information channels related to COVID-19 can be a fast and low-cost strategic approach in confronting this disease.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Capabilities of a Smartphone- Based Low-Cost Microscope

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Dorina Hasselbeck ◽  
Max B. Schäfer ◽  
Kent W. Stewart ◽  
Peter P. Pott
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

AbstractMicroscopy enables fast and effective diagnostics. However, in resource-limited regions microscopy is not accessible to everyone. Smartphone-based low-cost microscopes could be a powerful tool for diagnostic and educational purposes. In this paper, the imaging quality of a smartphone-based microscope with four different optical parameters is presented and a systematic overview of the resulting diagnostic applications is given. With the chosen configuration, aiming for a reasonable trade-off, an average resolution of 1.23 μm and a field of view of 1.12 mm2 was achieved. This enables a wide range of diagnostic applications such as the diagnosis of Malaria and other parasitic diseases.

Control of Material Flow During Friction Stir Welding Between Aluminum and Steel by Welding Tool Shape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Yasui ◽  
Yuki Ogura ◽  
Xu Huilin ◽  
F. Farrah Najwa ◽  
Daichi Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Shape ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Abstract For the Friction stir welding (FSW) between aluminum and steel is important to fabricate vehicles with light weight and high strength for safety at low cost. For the fabrication of sound weld, it is necessary to control the material flow during FSW. In this study, the material flow during FSW was elucidated by numerical simulation by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and simulation experiment by transparent Poly-vinyle chloride (PVC) as simulant of aluminum and tracer material. Based on this material flow analysis, several shapes of welding tool were examined for control of material flow during FSW. Scroll shoulder is effective for enhancement of stirring zone by increasing material velocity around the probe. Flute and fine screw probe promote the material flow in depth and horizontal direction. The welding tool with scroll shoulder and flute and fine screw probe achieved sound weld with highest tensile strength of 120.4 MPa.

Advantages and risks of crowdfunding as a model of financing startups and community development projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
Vitalii RYSIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Capital Access

Crowdfunding as a tool for alternative financing has emerged relatively recently and is of limited use in Ukraine today. At the same time, it has significant potential, which can contribute to the implementation of a wide range of projects that for various reasons are not of interest to traditional lenders or investors. The aim of the article is to determine the benefits of crowdfunding for its participants, the peculiarities of the implementation of certain types of crowdfunding and identify risks that may be generated by them, as well as develop practical recommendations for crowdfunding campaigns by entrepreneurs and authors of community development projects. The article identifies the benefits of crowdfunding for project authors (low cost of capital, access to information and potential investors) and investors (clarity, low risks, access to new products, the ability to support creative ideas), substantiates the role of crowdfunding platforms in realizing the benefits of crowdfunding. The advantages and disadvantages of using certain types of crowdfunding are described. Recommendations for planning and implementation of the main stages of crowdfunding campaigns - idea development, target audience determination, research, communication, project budgeting, reward system development, campaign schedule development – are developed. The factors of choosing a crowdfunding platform for hosting the project are determined. The possibility of using crowdfunding for collective financing of socio-cultural projects within the public budgets of the united territorial communities is shown. The risks of using crowdfunding for project authors and potential investors are identified. Those risks are primarily related to realistic expectations and proper preparation for the fundraising campaign by project authors, as well as the lack of guarantees for investors in the event of problems or bankruptcy of the crowdfunding platform. The author highlights that the growth of public awareness about the possibilities of implementing social or business initiatives through crowdfunding platforms will contribute to the development of platforms, improvement of technological equipment, and expansion of their range of services.

scholarly journals Review on Friction Stir Processed TIG and Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Alloy Joints

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sipokazi Mabuwa ◽  
Velaphi Msomi
Keyword(s):  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Dissimilar Alloys ◽  
The Status

There is an increase in reducing the weight of structures through the use of aluminium alloys in different industries like aerospace, automotive, etc. This growing interest will lead towards using dissimilar aluminium alloys which will require welding. Currently, tungsten inert gas welding and friction stir welding are the well-known techniques suitable for joining dissimilar aluminium alloys. The welding of dissimilar alloys has its own dynamics which impact on the quality of the weld. This then suggests that there should be a process which can be used to improve the welds of dissimilar alloys post their production. Friction stir processing is viewed as one of the techniques that could be used to improve the mechanical properties of a material. This paper reports on the status and the advancement of friction stir welding, tungsten inert gas welding and the friction stir processing technique. It further looks at the variation use of friction stir processing on tungsten inert gas and friction stir welded joints with the purpose of identifying the knowledge gap.

scholarly journals GNSS-ISE: Instruction Set Extension for GNSS Baseband Processing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Marcinek ◽  
Witold A. Pleskacz
Keyword(s):  
Flash Memory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Microprocessor System ◽  
Instruction Set ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Instruction Set Extension ◽  
Baseband Processing ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

This work presents the results of research toward designing an instruction set extension dedicated to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) baseband processing. The paper describes the state-of-the-art techniques of GNSS receiver implementation. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Against this background, a new versatile instruction set extension for GNSS baseband processing is presented. The authors introduce improved mechanisms for instruction set generation focused on multi-channel processing. The analytical approach used by the authors leads to the introduction of a GNSS-instruction set extension (ISE) for GNSS baseband processing. The developed GNSS-ISE is simulated extensively using PC software and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) emulation. Finally, the developed GNSS-ISE is incorporated into the first-in-the-world, according to the authors’ best knowledge, integrated, multi-frequency, and multi-constellation microcontroller with embedded flash memory. Additionally, this microcontroller may serve as an application processor, which is a unique feature. The presented results show the feasibility of implementing the GNSS-ISE into an embedded microprocessor system and its capability of performing baseband processing. The developed GNSS-ISE can be implemented in a wide range of applications including smart IoT (internet of things) devices or remote sensors, fostering the adaptation of multi-frequency and multi-constellation GNSS receivers to the low-cost consumer mass-market.

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