Relations of logical consequence in logics of partial predicates with composition of predicate complement

We study new classes of program-oriented logical formalisms – pure first-order logics of quasiary predicates with extended renominations and a composition of predicate complement. For these logics, various logical consequence relations are specified and corresponding calculi of sequent type are constructed. We define basic sequent forms for the specified calculi and closeness conditions. The soundness, completeness, and counter-model existence theorems are proved for the introduced calculi.

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Glarner Waldwirtschaft im letzten Viertel des 20. Jahrhunderts | Glarner Forest Management in the last quarter of the 20th Century

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2002.0249 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 153 (7) ◽

pp. 249-250

Author(s):

Fritz Marti

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

20Th Century ◽

Logical Consequence ◽

Mountain Forest ◽

Wood Production ◽

Looking Back

Looking back on the last quarter of the 20th century, we see that the most striking changes in forest management have come about following large and frequent catastrophes. Management– concerned solely with wood production in former times – is oriented more towards retaining stability of the stands nowadays. In addition, the aspect of tending and improving the environment continues to gain ground. The growing gap between expenditure and profit is particularly acute in Glarner mountain forest areas. The extension of promotional silvicultural measures, which widely determines today's management, is to be seen as a logical consequence.

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Essentialism and Logical Consequence

10.1093/oso/9780198792161.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rosanna Keefe ◽

Jessica Leech

Keyword(s):

Logical Consequence ◽

Prima Facie ◽

Logical Pluralism ◽

Logical Necessity ◽

Popular View

According to an increasingly popular view, the source of logical necessity is to be found in the essences of logical entities. One might be tempted to extend the view further in using it to tackle fundamental questions surrounding logical consequence. This chapter enquires: how does a view according to which the facts about logical consequence are determined by the essences of logical entities look in detail? Are there any more or less obvious problems arising for such a view? The chapter uncovers a prima facie result in favour of logical pluralism. However, it then goes on to raise some concerns for this result. It argues that, considered generally, it is difficult to see how essence could do all of the requisite work alone. The chapter also shows how considering things from the perspective of disputes between particular rival logics makes an interesting and important difference to the picture of things presented by the essentialist account.

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DEGREE SUPERVALUATIONAL LOGIC

The Review of Symbolic Logic ◽

10.1017/s1755020310000237 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 130-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. ROBERT G. WILLIAMS

Keyword(s):

Logical Consequence ◽

Positive Side ◽

Semantic Treatment ◽

Bare Bones

Supervaluationism is often described as the most popular semantic treatment of indeterminacy. There’s little consensus, however, about how to fill out the bare-bones idea to include a characterization of logical consequence. The paper explores one methodology for choosing between the logics: pick a logic that norms belief as classical consequence is standardly thought to do. The main focus of the paper considers a variant of standard supervaluational, on which we can characterize degrees of determinacy. It applies the methodology above to focus on degree logic. This is developed first in a basic, single-premise case; and then extended to the multipremise case, and to allow degrees of consequence. The metatheoretic properties of degree logic are set out. On the positive side, the logic is supraclassical—all classical valid sequents are degree logic valid. Strikingly, metarules such as cut and conjunction introduction fail.

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Nafkah Sebagai Konsekuensi Logis Pernikahan

AL-HUKAMA ◽

10.15642/alhukama.2020.10.2.218-242 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 218-242

Author(s):

Darmawan Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Logical Consequence ◽

Intimate Relationship ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Children's Education ◽

Marriage Contract ◽

Children’S Education ◽

Household Costs ◽

The Cost ◽

Husband And Wife

This research aims to find out what are the forms of zahir (material) and inner (non-material) livelihood that a husband must give to his wife? Is the living provided by the husband because of the obedience of the wife or because of the marriage contract? By using a qualitative approach. Zahir livelihoods are related to basic daily necessities, which can be classified as الكسوة (clothing), الطعام (food) and السكن (board), household costs and maintenance, the cost of children's education. While the inner livelihood can be classified as: 1) Husband teaches the values of tauhid, morality and worship. 2) Husband treats wife well, gently. 3) Husband gives sovereignty to wife to interact with society. 4) The husband gives an explanation of what the wife is lacking. 5) Having an intimate relationship between husband and wife. Livelihood is the logical consequence of the marriage contract, both zahir and inner. Zahir is a gift from the husband that must be given to the wife when the marriage contract is completed, provided that they both exercise their rights and obligations. If a wife does not fulfill her obligations as a wife, then the husband is not obliged to provide zahir support to his wife. Meanwhile, the inner livelihood is the living that the husband must give to the wife from the completion of the marriage contract until the end of the marriage, whether the wife is obedient or not.

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Analysis of rail yard and terminal performances

Journal of Transport Literature ◽

10.1590/s2238-10312014000200008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 178-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marin Marinov ◽

Leonardo Di Giovanni ◽

Giulia Bellisai ◽

Julian Clevermann ◽

Anastasia Mastellou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Critical Points ◽

Network Performance ◽

Logical Consequence ◽

Time Frame ◽

Key Factors ◽

Railway Network ◽

Rail Infrastructure ◽

Different Types ◽

Junction Points

One of the latest trends in the transport field is the increasing interest for the rejuvenation of the railway. It is considered to be a logical consequence of the gradual switch towards a more sustainable future in transports. Terminals and stations are considered to be the junction points between the various lines that constitute the railway network and can simply be described as points of arrival, departure and interchange of passengers or commodities. The most commonly used indicators that measure the level of their performance are time and cost. This study aims at exploring possible improvements that could be implemented to the infrastructure and the operation of terminals and stations in order to increase the efficiency level. Firstly, drawing upon grounded theory about rail infrastructure and terminals, a description is conducted, followed by a comparative analysis of the different types of existing terminals and stations. Secondly, the suggested improvements are presented in accordance with their time frame completion. The main contribution of this study is to illustrate the high significance of terminals, stations and yards, acknowledging them as crucial parts of the railway network, because as characterized and demonstrated in this study, their performance are key factors to the whole network performance, making the identification of their critical points and respective possible solutions, the final objective of this paper. In addition to this, emphasis is given to the need of improving and developing the existing terminal infrastructure and operations.

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Reformation: a Two-edged Sword in the Cause of the Ministry of Women

Feminist Theology ◽

10.1177/0966735017711870 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 19-33

Author(s):

Fleur Houston

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Social Systems ◽

Logical Consequence ◽

Social Model ◽

Human Beings ◽

Women's Ministry ◽

The Bible ◽

Social Challenge ◽

Normative Expectations ◽

God's Grace

When Martin Luther mounted an attack on the industry of Indulgences, he affirmed key Reformation principles: human beings are saved by God’s grace alone and the priesthood of all the baptised gives all followers of Christ equal status. This was in conformity with an earlier generation of reformers who saw the Bible as ultimate authority and witnessed to biblical truth against corruption. The logical consequence of this should have been the enabling of women who were so disposed to exercise a theological vocation. In practice, the resulting rupture in religious and social life often affected women for the worse. Educational formation and leadership opportunities were restricted by the closure of convents. While the trade guilds, with their tightly regulated social systems, did not allow scope for women who transgressed normative expectations, their suppression was not necessarily liberating for women. The new social model of the home replaced that of convent and guild and marriage was exalted in place of celibacy. Changes in devotional practice involved loss and gain. Women who did not conform to the domestic norm were treated at best with misogyny and female prophets of the radical Reformation paid for their convictions with their lives. In education, leadership, piety and radical social challenge, women’s options were restricted. However, the key Reformation principles ultimately enabled the development of women’s ministry which was marked by the ordination of Constance Todd 400 years later.

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DET ZOOFILE ÅRHUNDREDE

Tidsskriftet Antropologi ◽

10.7146/ta.v0i33.115369 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Knudsen

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Moral Status ◽

Logical Consequence ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Status ◽

The One ◽

Point Of Departure

Anne Knudsen: The Century of Zoophilia Taking as her point of departure the protests against a dying child having his last wish fulfilled because his wish was to kill a bear, the author argues that animals have achieved a higher moral status than that of humans during the 20th century. The status of animals (and of “nature”) is seen as a consequence of their muteness which on the one hånd makes it impossible for animals to lie, and which on the other hånd allows humans to imagine what animals would say, if they spoke. The development toward zoophilia is explained as a a logical consequence of the cultural naturalisation of humans, and the author draws the conclusion that we may end up entirely without animals as a category. This hypothetical situation will lead to juridical as well as philosophical complications.

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MEMBANGUN SEMANGAT KERASULAN REMAJA KATOLIK DALAM KONTEKS MASYARAKAT PLURALIS DI INDONESIA

JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katolik ◽

10.34150/jpak.v17i9.42 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Agustinus Supriyadi

Keyword(s):

Logical Consequence ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

The Other ◽

Real Form ◽

Pluralistic Society ◽

The Real ◽

Self Discovery ◽

The One ◽

The Church

Catholic teens Indonesia is part of the Church in Indonesia and the Indonesian people. Indonesia consists of thousands of islands that stretched from Sabang to Merauke. This fact opens the possibility of a fairly wide occurrence of the encounter between cultures and simultaneous cross-cultural. This diversity is certainly a logical consequence to an enrichment of civilizations and diversity (plurality), although also contains elements of the loss. Plurality of Indonesian society on the one hand can make the Catholic teens swept away in the swift currents of the community to lose our identity or conflict. However Plurality can also awaken in the Catholic teen award nature between one race to the other races, between ethnic or tribal one with the other tribes, between groups with one another. In a pluralistic society such as this, the Catholic teens called to the apostolate. Through the act of self-discovery, live in love and have a sense of tolerance of differences is the real form of the apostolate.

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The desire of power: Candidate ambiguity and incumbent monopoly in local leaders’ election

Masyarakat Kebudayaan dan Politik ◽

10.20473/mkp.v33i32020.286-298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 286

Author(s):

Erond L. Damanik

Keyword(s):

Political Party ◽

Logical Consequence ◽

The Political ◽

Management Board ◽

Study Approach ◽

General Elections ◽

The Right ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Local Leaders

This study explores and discusses the phenomenon of a single candidate in the local leaders’ election or Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2018. The study is motivated by the phenomenon of a single candidate in the local leaders’ election. In Deli Serdang, the local leaders’ election should have a multi-candidate pattern, either independent or 3-4 political party candidates. This study has focused on the mechanism of the emergence of a single candidate. According to Dahl, the theoretical approach is the candidacy mechanism, and according to Norris, the significance of the right to vote. The study was conducted qualitatively with an ongoing explorative, independent, and case-oriented study approach. The data collected through in-depth interviews with nine key informants consisting of the Political Party Branch Management Board or Dewan Pimpinan Cabang (DPC), the General Elections Commission or Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU), the Election Supervisory Committee or Panitia Pengawas Pemilihan (Panwaslih), independent, failed, and incumbent candidates. The sixteen secondary informants consisted of eight voting behaviors and eight non-voting behaviors randomly selected and interviewed to determine their perception of a single candidate. The study found that a single candidate is the logical consequence of ambiguity in an internal political party candidacy. The study’s novelty is the exclusion of incumbent ruling candidates incentivizing a political party monopoly to ensure victory in contestation. The study concluded that the dysfunction of the candidacy and exclusion in power has implications for a single candidate in the local leaders’ election. Contestation with a single candidate’s presence is an uncontested election, and it is contrary to the theoretical paradigm referred to in this study.

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