scholarly journals Deep foundations of happiness. Principal fundamentals of different types of understanding happiness

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
L. Samarska ◽  
◽  
N.M. Sas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

The choice of the article’s topic is conditioned by the necessity to develop happiness management (such as knowledge management, time management, etc.). With considerable attention to the definition of “happiness”, the analysis of recent publications reveals that it is crucial to understand the deep foundations of happiness, create a typology, reveal the basic principles of different types of understanding of happiness, which was chosen as the topic research. Theoretical approaches to the definition of “happiness” are chosen sociology of imagination of G. Durand, the theory of archetypes of C. Jung, and the theory of images and dreams of G. Bachelard. In the context of this system of views, the idea of happiness is the result of a free play of the imagination, which, while being on the path from past to future, is transformed, revealed, comes accurate as a result of previous collective and individual intermediate ideas, and is enriched and concretised by individual people, social groups, individuals. The mythos of happiness across nations and people differs in the way, method, and tools of individuation, the discovery of the Self. The anthropological tract of happiness has an end to its existence. It is determined by the cessation of existence, the life of nations and individuals. The desire to experience pleasure (according to Freud), the desire to rise (according to Durand) are reflexive, which determines the physiological basis of happiness. Representations of happiness determine priorities, coordinate the direction of thinking, actions, reactions to external circumstances, and choose ways to achieve happiness. This is done through the transcendental function (according to Jung) – a psychological function that arises from the connection of the content of the unconscious with the content of consciousness. Achieving happiness allows one to strengthen the subjectivity and reveal their uniqueness, which allows them to identify typological features (archetypes) of behavioural reactions of people based on individual and group ideas about happiness. The authors reveal the basic foundations of such archetypes of happiness as hedonism, eudemonia, “rat racing”, nihilism, subjective well-being.

Economic and Cultural Correlates of Subjective Well-Being in Countries Using Data from the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esma Gaygisiz
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Unequal Income Distribution

The correlations among indicators of objective well-being, cultural dimensions, and subjective well-being were investigated using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data from 35 countries. The subjective well-being measures included life satisfaction as well as six positive and six negative indexes of experience. Positive and negative experience scores were subjected to principal component analysis, and two positive experience components (labeled as “positive experiences” and “time management”) and two negative experience components (labeled as “pain, worry, and sadness” and “anger and boredom”) were extracted. Objective well-being included economic indicators, education, and health. The cultural variables included Hofstede's and Schwartz's cultural dimensions, national Big Five personality scores, and national IQs. High life satisfaction was positively related to Gross Domestic Product, life expectancy, education, individualism, affective and intellectual autonomy, egalitarianism, and conscientiousness, whereas low life satisfaction was related to unemployment, unequal income distribution, power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, embeddedness, hierarchy, and neuroticism.

scholarly journals The Effects of Sport Activities and Environmentally Sustainable Behaviors on Subjective Well-Being: A Comparison Before and During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Wendtlandt ◽  
Pamela Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Health Organization

This study examined the effects of sport activities and environmentally sustainable behaviors on the subjective well-being of working-age adults (18–64). Specifically, it analyzes the effects of different types of sport activities, including nature-based, natural resource-using, and nature-neutral sport activities and different types of environmentally sustainable behaviors such as recycling, ecological consumption, energy-saving, and mobility on subjective well-being. The study conducts comparisons between the period before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the first lockdown in Germany. Quantitative survey data were collected using a convenience sampling approach (n = 412). Sport activities were captured with the number of hours spent on nature-based, natural resource-using, and nature-neutral activities. Environmentally sustainable behaviors were measured across four areas, including recycling, ecological consumption, energy-saving, and mobility. Subjective well-being was measured using the scale of the World Health Organization (WHO-5). Differences between the periods before and during COVID-19 were analyzed using t-tests. A set of multivariate regression models were estimated with subjective well-being as the dependent variable and sport activities, environmentally sustainable behaviors, and socio-demographics as independent variables. The results show that nature-based and nature-neutral sport activities significantly decreased during the first COVID-19 lockdown, while environmentally sustainable behaviors increased. The regression analyses reveal that nature-based and nature-neutral sport activities as well as ecological consumption significantly added to individuals' subjective well-being in the pre- and during-COVID-19-period. A decrease in nature-based and nature-neutral sport activities significantly predicted a decrease in individuals' subjective well-being. The findings of this study might help people understand the role and importance of active living for psychosocial outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Procrastination

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin B. Klingsieck
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Future ◽  
Functional Forms

Procrastination is a well-known phenomenon that often entails negative outcomes with regard to performance and subjective well-being. In an attempt to understand the (alarming) character of procrastination, a large body of research on the causes, correlates, and consequences of procrastination has been accumulating over the last 40 years. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic characterization of the trends in procrastination research and to suggest future directions for research and practice. The systematic characterization comprises a comparison of procrastination to functional forms of delay (referred to as strategic delay) and a presentation of the theoretical approaches to explaining procrastination. The future directions suggested pertain to the development of a differentiated understanding of procrastination and of integral interventions.

scholarly journals Ruminations on Terrorism: Expiation and Exposition

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Blakesley
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
State Government ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Good Order ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Conduct

To paraphrase Richard Falk: Terrorism is political or ideological violence without restraint of law or morality. This article will consider terrorism and reactions to terrorism through a prism of history, philosophy, literature, and law. It is an attempt to show how terrorism is committed by state actors, as well as non-state-actors. I argue that intentional or reckless slaughter of innocents or torturing "enemies" constitutes terrorism and that it ultimately erodes a state's or a group's morality and well-being. Most nations and groups define terrorism in a way that "allows" them to commit atrocity, but condemns "others" who commit the same acts. This ultimately promotes terrorism. Some definitions obscure the line between terrorism as a crime and terrorism as a tactic or strategy of armed conflict. It is important that the law not do this, as I argue that terrorism is criminal conduct. In addition, many, perhaps most, definitions of terrorism, even in criminal statutes and treaties, do not comport with basic principles of criminal law, such as principles of legality, due process, and other human rights and constitutional norms. I will also compare terrorism to other core international concepts, such as war crimes and crimes against humanity. Thus, the article will consider terrorism as a crime, noting the conceptual relationship between terrorism and basic domestic and international substantive criminal law. I will present a definition of terrorism as a crime, including its constituent elements. This allows me to study terrorism in the context of basic principles of culpability and innocence. The definition applies to conduct whether performed by state or government actors, by those who attack innocents to get at state government, or who use it against innocent members of factions whom they don't see as adhering to the actor's vision of "good order." Much of the article, however, is aimed at providing context by analyzing historical evidences of terrorism, including torture and other atrocities, designed to promote the power of those committing it. Thus, I will present an historical and comparative excursus, considering terrorism or analogous conduct and its punishment from antiquity, through the Middle Ages, to the present day, to show why such conduct ought to be punished.

Positive Schools

2009 ◽  
pp. 560-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Scott Huebner ◽  
Rich Gilman ◽  
Amy L. Reschly ◽  
Russell Hall
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Satisfaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Attitudes Toward School ◽  
School Based ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter defines positive schools as ones in which students experience predominantly positive subjective well-being in the form of positive emotions and positive attitudes toward school (i.e., school satisfaction). Following a definition of positive subjective well-being, measurement issues are discussed. Subsequently, research on the correlates of positive school satisfaction is discussed, including presumed antecedents and consequences of individual differences in school satisfaction among children of elementary and secondary school age. Key features of positive schools are identified and several examples of empirically validated, school-based intervention programs that influence students' subjective well-being are given. Finally, implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Adolescents’ Psychological Well-Being: A Multidimensional Measure

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Viejo ◽  
Mercedes Gómez-López ◽  
Rosario Ortega-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Over the last few years, different theoretical approaches have emerged advocating for a positive understanding of adolescence, recognizing it as a stage characterized by plasticity, the acquisition of competences and the achievement of satisfactory levels of well-being and positive adjustment. Based on Ryff’s multidimensional model of psychological well-being, this study aims: (1) to develop an adjusted measuring instrument for adolescents (Brief Scale of Psychological Well-Being for Adolescents), as well as analysing its psychometric properties; and (2) to conduct a descriptive analysis of the levels of psychological and subjective well-being among adolescent boys and girls. A sample of 1590 Andalusian adolescents (51% girls), aged between 13 and 19 years old participated in this study. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed the validity of the instrument, with a multidimensional factorial solution of four factors (self-acceptance, positive interpersonal relationships, autonomy and life development) with good levels of internal consistency. Descriptive analyses showed good scores of psychological and subjective well-being among the adolescents, with a significant impact of sex and age in both measures of well-being. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering adolescent well-being from a multidimensional view and the need to promote positive development from a multifactorial perspective which takes into account the diversity of the variables involved.

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