scholarly journals Verifikasi Identitas Biologis Menjelang Perkawinan dalam Perspektif Fikih

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimin Mesra
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Problem ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract: Biological identity verification before marriage from a fiqh standpoint. This article treats falsifying biological identity for marriage as an important phenomenon that should be responded to academically. By way of analyzing discourse concerning this subject, this article reveals that weaknesses in how civil law and citizenry are administrated, if not fixed, will give rise to more such cases of it. On the other hand, the theory that love is the biggest motivation for falsifying biological identity is taken into account to clarify why this violation occurs. The conclusion reached in this article is to accommodate for the capacity to verify biological identity—when deemed necessary—before marriage. The author reinforces this idea by drawing upon several hadiths, applying al-maqâshid al-syâri‘ah theory, as well as calling to expand classical fiqh to the context of solving this contemporary problem.Keywords: biological identity, verification, contemporary problem, classical fiqh, contextualisationAbstrak: Verifikasi Identitas Biologis Menjelang Perkawinan dalam Perspektif Fikih. Artikel ini meletakkan fakta pemalsuan identitas biologis dalam perkawinan sebagai fenomena yang penting direspons secara akademis. Melalui analisis wacana atas berita yang terkait, tulisan ini menyingkap bahwa ada sejumlah kelemahan pada sistem administrasi keperdataan dan kependudukan yang jika tidak dibenahi akan melahirkan kasus-kasus serupa. Di sisi lain, teori bahwa cinta adalah motivasi terbesar untuk melakukan sesuatu dimanfaatkan untuk menjelaskan mengapa pelanggaran itu dilakukan. Kesimpulan yang direkomendasikan adalah mengakomodasi kebolehan melakukan verifikasi identitas biologis—jika dianggap perlu—sebelum perkawinan. Penulis menguatkan gagasan ini dengan melakukan kontekstualisasi atas beberapa hadis, penerapan teori maqâshid al-syarî’ah serta ajakan untuk mengembangkan fikih klasik dalam rangka mengatasi problematika kontemporer.Kata Kunci: verifikasi, identitas biologis, problema kontemporer, fikih klasik, kontekstualisasiDOI: 10.15408/ajis.v12i1.963

ASAS TERBUKA UNTUK UMUM DAN KEHADIRAN FISIK PARA PIHAK DALAM SIDANG DI PENGADILAN NEGERI PASCA PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Bernadette M Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
District Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Court Proceedings

The Indonesian Supreme Court, in response to the information era, modernizes the civil procedural rules at the district court level.  This is done by issuing Supreme Court Regulation no. 1 of 2019 re. Administration of Justice at Civil Law Courts and Electronic-Court Proceedings. Undoubtedly, modernization of existing rules on the administration of justice is much needed.  On the other hand, these changes may violate a number of procedural civil law principles.  The author argues, from a civil procedural law perspective, that the above Supreme Court regulation violates the basic principle of transparency of court proceedings and physical attendance at court proceedings. 

scholarly journals ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIETY AS REGULATORY FACTORS OF CIVIL LAW OF UKRAINE: THE ISSUE OF VALIDITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
V. Кroitor
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Moral Rules ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

The article studies the issue of scientific and practical validity of applying ethical principles of society as regulatory factors of civil law of Ukraine. Taking into account the lack of validity of ethical principles of society as regulatory factors, the author attempts to make a correlation between the content of such principles of civil law as fairness, integrity and reasonableness, on the one hand, and ethical principles of the society, on the other hand. The author of the paper proves that it is inappropriate to apply the provisions of morality as regulatory factors for the regulation of civil relations. The conclusion on the objection to the civil regularity of ethical principles of society is based on several theses. Firstly, moral rules are not formalized, which creates a threat of arbitrary interpretation of their content. Secondly, ethical principles do not have a definite source of origin. Thirdly, the fundamental ethical rules have already been taken into account in the content of the principles of fairness, integrity and reason, which in turn create competition between the two types of regulatory factors. Unreasonable duplication of regulatory requirements reduces the functionality of the law, complicates the perception of its requirements. The competition between the principles of law and the ethical principles of society must be eliminated by refusing to give the latter the function of regulatory factors. The author of the paper does not deny the possibility of taking into account the ethical principles of society while regulating the relations that have been neglected by the "official law".

Introduction

Japanese Law ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Oda
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Japanese Law

Japanese law is part of the Civil law (Franco-German) legal system. There have been discussions on the ‘Japanese legal consciousness’, but now, it is agreed that there is no such ‘uniqueness’ of Japanese law. On the other hand, the approach of the courts in interpreting statutes and their role in interpreting contracts may represent some unique aspects of Japanese law.

Part I The Doctrine of Res Judicata in Litigation, 1 The Doctrine of Res Judicata in Domestic Laws

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schaffstein Silja
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Res Judicata ◽  
Other Hand

This chapter analyses and compares the application of the res judicata doctrine in common and civil law countries. Res judicata is the principle that a matter may not, generally, be relitigated once it has been judged on the merits. The doctrine of res judicata is well established in common law jurisdictions, and allows for several res judicata pleas, namely the plea of cause of action estoppel, issue estoppel, former recovery, or abuse of process. On the other hand, the doctrine of res judicata in civil law countries recognises only one plea. In France, for instance, the doctrine of res judicata is referred to as ‘autorité de chose jugxée’. A judgment obtains ‘autorité de chose jugée’ when it is rendered, whether or not a means of recourse is available against the judgment.

En torno a la práctica desaparición de una competencia. El art. 149.1.6 CE y las especialidades procesales autonómicas

2012 ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel CABELLOS ESPIÉRREZ
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Substantive Law

LABURPENA: Konstituzioak, 149.1.6 artikuluan, ez zion atea itxi nahi izan autonomia- erkidegoen parte-hartzeari araudi prozesalaren erregulazioan, eta, berez, Estatuari legegintza prozesalaren gainean eman zion eskumen esklusiboa mugatua da; izan ere, beren zuzenbide substantiboaren berezitasunetatik eratorritako espezialitate prozesalen gaineko eskumena aitortu baitzien, aldi berean, autonomia-erkidegoei. Eskumen hori batez ere zuzenbide zibil propioa duten erkidegoetan erabiltzekoa zen, baina ez haietan bakarrik, ez eta soilik gai honi dagokionean ere. Konstituzio Auzitegiak, baina, hain modu murriztailean jokatu du konstituzio-arau hori interpretatu eta aplikatu behar izan duenean (47/2004 epaia da salbuespen bakarra), non autonomia-erkidegoen espezialitate prozesalen gaineko eskumena ezerezean geratu baita. Artikulu honen asmoa honako hau da: alde batetik, egoera honetara nola heldu garen aztertzea; bestetik, 21/2012 epaia analizatzea, zeinak Konstituzio Auzitegiaren ildo murriztailea berresten duen; eta, azkenik, gaurko egoeran beste hautabide batzuk eskaintzea, autonomia-erkidegoek espezialitate prozesalen gainean daukaten eskumena (haietako batzuk erabiltzen ari direna) desagertzeko zorian dago-eta Konstituzio Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzian. RESUMEN: La Constitución, en su art. 149.1.6, no quiso cerrar la puerta a la intervención de las CCAA en la regulación de la normativa procesal y otorgó al Estado una competencia exclusiva sobre legislación procesal cuya exclusividad es, en realidad, limitada, dada la simultánea atribución a las CCAA de la competencia para dictar las necesarias especialidades procesales derivadas de las particularidades de su derecho sustantivo. Ello debía ser especialmente útil en aquellas comunidades con Derecho civil propio, aunque no solo en estas ni únicamente respecto de este ámbito material. Ocurre sin embargo que el Tribunal Constitucional, en las ocasiones en que ha debido interpretar y aplicar el mencionado precepto constitucional, lo ha hecho de modo tan restrictivo que, con la única y aislada excepción de la STC 47/2004, la competencia autonómica relativa a las especialidades procesales ha quedado reducida a la nada. El propósito de este artículo es, por un lado, el de examinar cómo se ha llegado a este punto; por otro, estudiar el último de los casos relevantes, la STC 21/2012, que confirma la citada línea restrictiva seguida por el Tribunal; y finalmente apuntar algunas alternativas a la situación a la que se ha llegado, en que la competencia de las CCAA en materia de especialidades procesales (que por otra parte algunas están ejerciendo) se halla condenada a la práctica desaparición en la jurisprudencia constitucional. ABSTRACT: The Constitution in section 149.1.16 has not closed the door to the Autonomous Communities intervention in the regulation of the procedural provisions and conferred the State the exclusive power over the procedural legislation albeit its exclusivity is limited by the simultaneous allocation to the Au tonomous Communities of the power to enact the necessary procedural specifities that come from the special features of its substantive law. That should be extremely useful in those Communities with their own Civil law, even though not only in those and not solely regarding this material field. But what happens is that when the Constitutional Court had to interpret and apply the aforementioned constitutional provision, it has done it so narrowly that with the only and sole exception of the Constitutional judgment 47/2004 the power is almost reduced to nothing. The purpose of this article is on the one hand to examine how this is been reached; and on the other hand, to study the last relevant ruling, judgment 21/2012, which confirms the aforementioned narrow line of interpretation followed by the Court; and finally to point at some alternatives to the situation that has been created in which the power of the Autonomous Communities regarding the procedural specificities (and which they are exercising anyway) is doomed to the practical disappearance according to the constitutional caselaw.

Metoda barvově-slovních asociací (takzvané Barvy života) není diagnostickým nástrojem

TESTFÓRUM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Hynek Cígler ◽  
Jana Mafková
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Association Method ◽  
Color Association

Metoda Barvově slovních asociací (Barvy života) je podle svých autorů určená k diagnostice mnoha značně rozličných charakteristik jednotlivců i kolektivů. Její používání je v určité míře rozšířené na různých typech pracovišť (například na školách, v soukromých firmách), otestovány byly desetitisíce jednotlivců a s jejími výsledky pracovali psychologové, zřejmě nejen v pedagogicko-psychologických poradnách. Tato situace je podle nás alarmující – používání nefunkčních metod k diagnostice tak závažných jevů, jako je například šikana, může na jedné straně stigmatizovat „běžné“ žáky a na straně druhé poškodit skutečné oběti při včasném neodhalení fyzického či psychického násilí. V následujícím článku představíme podrobné důvody, proč není možné metodu Barvy života považovat za psychodiagnostický nástroj a proč nelze její výstupy jakkoli interpretovat. According to its authors was the “Color association method” established to diagnose varied characteristics of individuals and groups as well. This method is currently used at different places (for example at schools or private companies), thousands individuals were tested and some psychologists used its results. This situation is in our opinion alarming – using not-functional method to diagnose important phenomenon, e.g. bullying, can stigmatize “normal” pupils and harm true victims on the other hand. In the article we present detail reasons why the “Color association method” can´t be considered to be appropriate psychological assessment tool and why its results can´t be anyhow interpreted. 

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaturan Hukum Acara Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Doni Budiono
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Debt Payment

In carrying out its business, businessmen often establish a debt agreement. Debt agreements are a common thing between creditors and debtors. However, at times, it may cause a dispute between debtors who are negligent and unable to pay their debts to creditors. One of the eff orts to overcome the unpaid debt is through Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations petitioned by the debtors or the creditors. Bankruptcy is the general seizure of all the assets of a bankrupt debtor whose management and settlement is carried out by the Curator under the supervision of the Supervisory Judge. On the other hand, Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) is the settlement of the debt, also aiming to establish a peace off er that includes off ers of partial payment or whole payment of the debt to the creditors. Bankruptcy and PKPU in its implementation have been regulated in Indonesian Law Number 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations, Herziene Indonesisch Reglement (HIR), Reglement of De Rechtsvordering (Rv), Buitengewesten Rechtsreglement (RBg), and further stipulated in the Civil Law Procedure-Draft. In Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligation’s procedural law arrangements contained in various regulations and in the Civil Law Procedure-Draft, there are shortcomings that need to be analyzed to provide a legal basis for Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations procedural law arrangements. Considering the upcoming legalization of the Civil Law Procedure-Draft, this study will analyze several important points that can be used as a reference for the Civil Law Procedure-Draft. 

The Return Of The Property Clause In Donation Contracts – A Comparative Analysis In French And Romanian Legal Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417
Author(s):  
Codrin Codrea
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The One ◽  
Comparative Manner

Abstract In both French and Romanian legal systems, the special irrevocability which governs the field of donations presupposes that certain clauses cannot be stipulated in the donation contract. Such clauses, which are prohibited as incompatible with the principle of the irrevocability of donations, would allow the donor to unilaterally revoke the contract. This article is concerned, on the one hand, with the origin and the evolution of the special irrevocability of donations and, on the other hand, with the compatibility of the return of the donated good clause with the principle of irrevocability of donations. The return of the property clause will be analyzed in a comparative manner in French and Romanian legal systems by looking at the provisions of the French Civil Code, 1865 Romanian Civil Code and of the contemporary Romanian Civil Code, in order to put into perspective both similarities and differences between the civil regulations of the two legal systems, but also the changes within the Romanian civil law from the previous Civil Code to the current one.

Ottoman and Secular Civil Law

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Glidewell Nadolski
Keyword(s):  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject

The term “secularization” is used to qualify that manner of change which occurred in the Islamic system of civil law from 1451 to 1926. It refers to the processes that caused gradual revision and/or change in Islamic Ottoman and Turkish civil law and connotes a departure from the orthodox tenets prescribed by Islamic law. This departure is a process that may create gradual or abrupt change. Also that which in retrospect is classified as a change may not at the outset be classified as such. Specifically, this change may begin in the form of supplementation and continue in this manner without the process taking the form of major change. On the other hand there may be total change within the structure undergoing these experiences. This structure, which is the subject of discussion, is the Islamic Ottoman and Turkish civil law. The secularization process in this case represents: (1) supplementation, (2) reform (Tanzimat and the Mecelle), (3) change (abrogation of the capitulatory system), (4) complete secular change in civil law (adoption of the Swiss Civil Code).

scholarly journals NIKAH SIRRI; PRESPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERKAWINAN NASIONAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Masturiyah Masturiyah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Marriage Record ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Law

In Indonesian society, marriage has legal dualism. Namely, marriage (which) should  be listed in the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) and the marriages were not recorded (Sirri marriage). In fact, if we examine more seriously, many Sirri marriages cause harm especially, on the part of women and children. And in fact, not the least negative effects caused by Sirri marriage. This paper discusses sirri marriage in the perspective of Islamic law and the National Marriage Law. Because sirri marriage not stated explicitly in both the Qur’an and hadith, hence, to determine the law (istinbat al-hukmi), jurists of Islamic law (in this case) do ijtihad whereby sirri marriage is categorized as al maslahat al murasalah, which refers to the maqasid al-shari’ah.  However, sirri marriage is actually problematic for several reasons. First, sirri marriage is not part of prophetic tradition. Because, the Prophet advocates and implements wedding party (walimah al-’Ursy) with aim to proclaim marriage to the public (i’lanun nikah). On the other hand, the recording of the marriage is the leader commands (Ulil Amri). Meanwhile, Allah and the Prophet ordered to obey the leader (Amri Ulil). Since the recording of the marriage will benefit Muslims (maslahah), then Muslims should stay away from harm (mudharat). Second, sirri marriage is not in accordance with the national law of marriage, because the point ‘marriage record’ does not exist in the concept of sirri marriage. Whereas, marriage registration set forth in Article 2, paragraph 2 of Law marriage, no. 1 of 1974 and article 2, paragraph 1, 2, 3 of Law no. 9 of 1975, the Code of Civil Law (KUHP) and the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI).

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