In this article, taking a specific underwater hydraulic system as the research object, a closed loop circuit and a closed non-loop circuit simulation models are established; and through a single factor analysis, the interior factors such as different pipeline damping settings, underwater accumulators and actuators, and external factors such as water depth and return distance are analyzed. System response curves of these factors are obtained. Based on the single-factor simulation data, the partial correlation theory is used to analyze the correlation of the influencing factors of the control response for the underwater hydraulic system, and the order of the main factors affecting the control response of the underwater hydraulic system is obtained, which provides a reference for improving the response of the underwater hydraulic system.