RENAL CLEARANCES OF SODIUM PENICILLIN G, PROCAINE PENICILLIN G, AND INULIN IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
HENRY L. BARNETT ◽  
HELEN MCNAMARA ◽  
SELMA SHULTZ ◽  
RALPH TOMPSETT
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Renal Clearances

Reports of unexpectedly high serum concentrations of procaine penicillin G suggested the possibility that, in addition to the major factor of slow absorption, the renal clearance of procaine penicillin might be lower than that of the sodium salt. Measurements of inulin clearances and clearances of either sodium penicillin G or procaine penicillin G in 10 children and four premature infants showed no significant difference between the clearances of the two penicillin salts. A reduced clearance of procaine penicillin, therefore, does not explain the apparent occurrence of unexpectedly high serum concentrations of penicillin in normal subjects. Critical evaluation of data on the maintenance of drug levels with a particular preparation of procaine penicillin requires consideration of the limits imposed by the clearance data presented. Penicillin clearances in premature infants suggest that if penicillin is given to small infants in dosages proportionate to their surface area, the duration of drug concentrations in the blood should be six times as long as in children and adults and three times as long if the dosage is proportionate to body weight.

STUDIES OF PENICILLIN IN PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-671
Author(s):  
B. M. KAGAN ◽  
M. NIERENBERG ◽  
D. GOLDBERG ◽  
A. MILZER
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Use

Table I summarizes most of the pertinent data in this report on the serum penicillin concentrations 12 and 24 hours after intramuscular injection of K penicillin G in peanut oil and beeswax, which is fluid at room temperature, and of three different procaine penicillin preparations. These three preparations are procaine penicillin G in sesame oil, procaine penicillin G in peanut oil with 2% aluminum monostearate, and procaine penicillin G in water with Na-carboxymethylcellulose. When they were given in a dosage of 8000 u./lb. to infants and children, weighing between 4.5 and 18.0 kg., there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels obtained. A dosage schedule for these preparations is suggested for pediatric use. The aqueous preparation offers some advantages which are discussed. Experiences are reported which emphasize the necessity of avoiding intravenous administration of all these preparations.

Similar Serum Levels of IL-6 and its Soluble Receptors in Patients with HCV-Related Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Riccio ◽  
L. Postiglione ◽  
P. Sabatini ◽  
M. Linvelli ◽  
I. Soriente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Soluble Receptors ◽  
Significant Difference

The high serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its soluble receptors (sIL-6r and sgp 130), described in the course of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), have been linked to the enhanced activity of this cytokine in this disorder. In this study, the serum concentrations of IL-6 and its soluble receptors were determined in a group of patients with HCV-related arthritis (HCVrA), a condition resembling RA in several aspects, and then compared to those found in a sample of subjects affected by RA. Twenty-one patients with HCVrA, 24 patients with RA and 20 healthy subjects (control group) were examined. Different ELISA methods were used for determination of serum concentrations of IL-6, sIL-6r and sgp 130. Increased IL-6 serum levels were found in 15 (71%) of the patients with HCVrA and in 16 (62%) of those with RA. Eight (38%) of the patients with HCVrA and 11 (46%) of those with RA denoted high levels of sIL-6r, while sgp 130 levels were elevated in 21 (76%) of the patients with HCVrA and in 16 (69%) of those with RA. A significant difference between the median values of sIL-6r and sgp 130 levels in the two groups of patients versus controls was found. A mild correlation of these parameters with RF levels was detected in the RA group. Furthermore, in HCVrA patients the serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6r and sgpl30 appeared unrelated to HCV viraemia and to levels of transaminases. The enhanced serum levels of IL-6 in HCVra patients indicate an increased synthesis and hyperactivity of this cytokine in HCVrA, and the substantial similarity of the behaviour of IL-6 and its serum receptors in the two groups of patients suggests common mechanisms with RA, in which the function of IL-6 is central.

The bioavailability of thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in normal subjects and in hyper- and hypothyroid patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjeld Hasselström ◽  
Kaj Siersbæk-Nielsen ◽  
lb Bo Lumholtz ◽  
Jens Faber ◽  
Carsten Kirkegaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Clinical Implication ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
New Method ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Abstract. A new method for the estimation of the bioavailability of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) is described based on gel separation followed by antibody extraction of labelled T4 and T3 from serum, and using the area under the curve of disappearance of the tracer (AUC) for the calculations. The peak serum concentrations of radioactive labelled T4 and T3 were reached approximately 90 min after oral administration of both tracers. The relative difference of duplicate estimations was below 10% (n = 3). The bioavailability of T4 in 6 euthyroid controls was in median 65% (range 64–75%), and it was significantly increased both in hyperthyroidism (88% (75–99%), n = 6, P < 0.01) and hypothyroidism (84% (67–100%), n = 6, P<0.02). The bioavailability of T3 in 6 euthyroid controls was in median 78% (69–99%) and significantly greater than that of T4 (P < 0.02). The bioavailability was unaffected by hyperthyroidism (79% (61–98%), n = 9) and hypothyroidism (77% (66–97%), n = 7). No significant difference between T4 and T3 bioavailabilities was found in hyper- or hypothyroidism. The clinical implication of the present study is that the bioavailability of T4 and T3 is almost identical and approximately 80% in patients with severe hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals THE SITE OF SYNTHESIS OF THE 19S γ-GLOBULINS IN DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Cruchaud ◽  
Fred S. Rosen ◽  
John M. Craig ◽  
Charles A. Janeway ◽  
David Gitlin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Transitional Cells ◽  
Marked Deficit

Lymph nodes and splenic tissue from patients with congenital agammaglobulinemia and dysgammaglobulinemia and from normal subjects were studied with the use of immunofluorescence and histochemical stains to determine the site of synthesis of the 19S γ1-globulins. The two patients with dysgammaglobulinemia had high serum concentrations of the 19S γ1-globulins and a marked deficit of the 7S γ-globulins. These patients, as well as agammaglobulinemic children, had only rare or no plasma cells in their tissues. Cells were identified in sections of spleen from a dysgammaglobulinemic child as well as from normal individuals which exhibited specific fluorescence with an anti-19S γ-globulin antiserum adsorbed with 7S γ2-globulins and which stained positively with PAS and methyl green pyronine. These cells resembled the transitional cells described by Fagraeus.

scholarly journals Comparison of Serum Concentrations of Ustekinumab Obtained by Three Commercial Assays in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Verdon ◽  
Niels Vande Casteele ◽  
Valérie Heron ◽  
Pascale Germain ◽  
Waqqas Afif
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Background Data on the association of ustekinumab (UST) drug concentrations and clinical outcomes are conflicting. We assessed serum UST drug and anti-UST antibody concentrations using three commercially available assays. Methods Sixty-one blood samples were analyzed for serum UST drug and anti-UST antibody concentrations using three assays: one homogeneous mobility shift assay (HMSA, Prometheus, Assay A), and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; Progenika, Dynacare, Assay B and Theradiag, Assay C). Results The median (IQR) serum UST concentrations for the three assays were: Assay A 7.50 (5.35 to 12.88) µg/mL, Assay B 4.02 (2.46 to 6.95) µg/mL and Assay C 4.35 (2.62 to 7.50) µg/mL. A Kruskal–Wallis test confirmed a statistically significant difference between the different assays, X2(2) = 30.606, p &lt; 0.001. Linear regression showed near twofold increased difference in the absolute drug concentrations between the HMSA and either ELISA. Linear quantitative correlation was observed for all three assays (r = 0.836 for A versus B, r = 0.792 for A versus C, r = 0.936 for B versus C; p &lt; 0.01). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between assay A and B was 0.649 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.208 to 0.874); assay A and C was 0.671 (95% CI −0.165 to 0.878); and assay B and C was 0.958 (95% CI 0.928 to 0.975); p &lt; 0.001. No anti-UST antibodies were detected. Conclusion A good correlation was observed for serum UST drug concentrations and a good agreement was observed between the ELISA tests. However, agreement was poor between the HMSA and each ELISA tests. Clinical recommendations regarding drug concentrations should be based on assay type used.

Serum Concentrations of Penicillin Following the Administration of Crystalline Procaine Penicillin G in Oil

1948 ◽  
Vol 239 (8) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Hewitt ◽  
Philip Whittlesey ◽  
Chester S. Keefer
Keyword(s):  
Penicillin G ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Procaine Penicillin

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

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