THE EFFECT OF MONTHLY GAMMA-GLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION ON MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM INFECTION IN PREMATURE INFANTS DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Amer ◽  
Esther Ott ◽  
Frank A. Ibbott ◽  
Donough O'Brien ◽  
C. Henry Kempe
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
First Year Of Life

A double-blind controlled study to determine the effect on infections of repeated administration of large doses of gamma-globulin to premature infants revealed that significantly more of these infants had no infections and fewer had mild infections during the first year of life. The data also suggests that gamma-globulin afforded some amelioration of serious but nonfatal infections. Deaths from infection showed a similar trend in favor of the gamma-globulin group, but this difference on its own was not significant.

scholarly journals Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1722-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuli Rautava ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Erika Isolauri
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether probiotics might be effective in reducing the risk of infections in infancy. Infants requiring formula before the age of 2 months were recruited from community well-baby clinics. Infant formula supplemented with the probioticsLactobacillus rhamnosusGG andBifidobacterium lactisBb-12 or placebo was administered daily until the age of 12 months. Incidence of early infections (before the age of 7 months) and incidence of recurrent (three or more) infections during the first year of life were recorded as the main outcome measures of the study. During the first 7 months of life, seven out of thirty-two (22 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty out of forty (50 %) infants receiving placebo experienced acute otitis media (risk ratio (RR) 0·44 (95 % CI 0·21, 0·90);P = 0·014) and antibiotics were prescribed for ten out of thirty-two (31 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-four out of forty (60 %) infants receiving placebo (RR 0·52 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·92);P = 0·015). During the first year of life, nine out of thirty-two (28 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-two out of forty (55 %) infants receiving placebo encountered recurrent respiratory infections (RR 0·51 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·95);P = 0·022). These data suggest that probiotics may offer a safe means of reducing the risk of early acute otitis media and antibiotic use and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Further clinical trials are warranted.

scholarly journals Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Franka Neumer ◽  
Orenci Urraca ◽  
Joaquin Alonso ◽  
Jesús Palencia ◽  
Vicente Varea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
First Year ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides ◽  
First Year Of Life

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of an infant formula supplemented with a mixture of prebiotic short and long chain inulin-type oligosaccharides on health outcomes, safety and tolerance, as well as on fecal microbiota composition during the first year of life. In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, n = 160 healthy term infants under 4 months of age were randomized to receive either an infant formula enriched with 0.8 g/dL of Orafti®Synergy1 or an unsupplemented control formula until the age of 12 months. Growth, fever (>38 °C) and infections were regularly followed up by a pediatrician. Digestive symptoms, stool consistency as well as crying and sleeping patterns were recorded during one week each study month. Fecal microbiota and immunological biomarkers were determined from a subgroup of infants after 2, 6 and 12 months of life. The intention to treat (ITT) population consisted of n = 149 infants. Both formulae were well tolerated. Mean duration of infections was significantly lower in the prebiotic fed infants (p < 0.05). The prebiotic group showed higher Bifidobacterium counts at month 6 (p = 0.006), and higher proportions of Bifidobacterium in relation to total bacteria at month 2 and 6 (p = 0.042 and p = 0.013, respectively). Stools of infants receiving the prebiotic formula were softer (p < 0.05). Orafti®Synergy1 tended to beneficially impact total daily amount of crying (p = 0.0594). Supplementation with inulin-type prebiotic oligosaccharides during the first year of life beneficially modulates the infant gut microbiota towards higher Bifidobacterium levels at the first 6 months of life, and is associated with reduced duration of infections.

Abnormal Shoulder Girdle Muscle Tone in Premature Infants During Their First 18 Months of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Michael K. Georgieff ◽  
Judy C. Bernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Girdle Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscle

To document the incidence of and neonatal factors associated with abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone in premature infants at follow-up, we studied 125 consecutively admitted infants weighing &lt; 1,750 g treated in The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia intensive care nursery and subsequently seen in the Neonatal Follow-up Program up to 18 months of age. Fifty-seven infants (46%) displayed abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone which presented clinically as scapular retractions. These infants had significantly lower birth weights (P &lt; .001) and gestational age (P &lt; .001) as well as a higher incidence of acute and chronic pulmonary disease (P &lt; 0.01) and CNS insults (P &lt; .05) when compared with infants without scapular retractions. The 57 infants with scapular retractions were further divided into two groups: 42 infants (74%) in whom scapular retractions were associated with generalized mild hypertonicity and 15 infants (26%) in whom scapular retractions compensated for trunk and neck hypotonicity. The infants with scapular retractions and hypotonicity had a significantly higher incidence of neonatal neurologic morbidity including seizures, major resuscitations, and birth asphyxia (P &lt; .01) when compared with the infants with scapular retractions and hypertonicity. Shoulder girdle tone abnormalities in the first year of life inhibit crawling, sitting, and object manipulation and, therefore, may manifest as delays in motor development. Identification of infants with significant neonatal risk factors for tone abnormalities is important to allow for earlier therapeutic intervention.

CHRONIC ASTHMA IN CHILDHOOD: DOUBLE-BLIND CONTROLLED STUDY OF TREATMENT WITH GAMMA-GLOBULIN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-993
Author(s):  
Rosalind S. Abernathy ◽  
Edward L. Strem ◽  
Robert A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Asthma ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

To evaluate the effect of injections of gamma-globulin upon the course of asthma, observations were made with 22 asthmatic children ranging in age from 1½ to 5½ years. They had suffered from asthma from 1 to 13 years and were selected as subjects because they had not made satisfactory improvement under allergic management over an average of 2.4 years. They were placed in two groups by random assignment, one of which received injections of gamma-globulin. Without knowledge of the treatment being given, one author examined each child at the time of each injection and one month after the last injection. Roentgenograms, vital capacity, complete blood counts and chemical determination of the blood proteins were performed at the initial and final visits. Fifteen of the twenty-two patients improved clinically, eight in the treatment group and seven in the control group. No significant differences between the groups were noted in the amount of asthma, physical growth, hemoglobin value or eosinophilia. The concentration of gamma-globulin in the serum increased in the treated patients. Nevertheless, there was no difference in the incidence of infection in the two groups and in both it was equal to that in a normal population. This double-blind controlled study offers no evidence to support the view that treatment with gamma-globulin has a beneficial effect on the course of chronic asthma in children.

Morbidity and Mortality in the First Year of Life.

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
J. W. B. Douglas ◽  
Fred Grundy ◽  
E. Lewis Faning
Keyword(s):  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

HEMATOPOIESIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS WITH SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF THE EFFECT OF IRON AND OF ANIMAL-PROTEIN FACTOR

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-762
Author(s):  
James A. Wolff ◽  
Alice M. Goodfellow
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Factor ◽  
Anemia Of Prematurity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Weight Groups

Normal values in the first 3 months of life have been determined for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets, leukocytes and differential counts for premature infants with birth weights less than 1200 gm., and for those between 1200 and 1500 gm. at birth. No significant difference was found in the degree of depression of levels of hemoglobin and erythrocytes when values in the 2 weight groups were compared. Two reticulocyte peaks occur during the first 3 months of life. The first peak is present immediately after birth. The second peak, at about the eighth week, coincides with the occurrence of the greatest degree of anemia. Neither iron therapy nor treatment with animal-protein factor containing vitamin B12 and Aureomycin®, started before the end of the third week of life, had a statistically significant effect on the early phase of the anemia of prematurity. Untreated premature infants and those given animal-protein factor were anemic at the end of the first year of life. Subjects given iron therapy had normal hemoglobin values at one year of age. Blood transfusion is rarely necessary in the treatment of the anemia of prematurity.

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