A POSTVERTEBRAL ENTODERMAL CYST ASSOCIATED WITH AXIAL DEFORMITIES: A CASE SHOWING THE "ENTODERMAL-ECTODERMAL ADHESION SYNDROME"

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
N. Prop ◽  
E. L. Frensdorf ◽  
F. R. van de Stadt
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Developmental Disturbances

A postvertebral tissue mass excised from the lumbosacral region of a 10-week-old child contained a small coelomic cavity and a convoluted enteric cyst with a blind branch. Some cleft vertebrae occurred at the level of the tissue mass. The ontogenetic development of this complex of anomalies is explained on the basis of an amended theory of Beardmore and Wiglesworth. The primary etiological factor is supposed to have been an adhesion among entodermal and ectodermal cells in the median plane of the embryo in a bilaminar stage. An adhesion of this type can be assumed to cause the following developmental disturbances: (1) a dorsal enteric diverticulum (or fistula), (2) a split (or diverted) notochord and a cleavage of vertebrae, (3) a cleft spinal cord. These defects can be modified by growth and processes of repair. With a reference to the primary anomaly produced, "the entodermal-ectodermal adhesion syndrome" has been proposed as a name for the final complex of malformations.

Epidural electrical stimulation to facilitate locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannie Audet ◽  
Charly G. Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Of

Tonic or phasic electrical epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord facilitates locomotion and standing in a variety of preclinical models with severe spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms of epidural electrical stimulation that facilitate sensorimotor functions remain largely unknown. This review aims to address how epidural electrical stimulation interacts with spinal sensorimotor circuits and discusses the limitations that currently restrict the clinical implementation of this promising therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Infarction with Aortic Dissection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Atsuyuki Kawabata ◽  
Masaki Tomori ◽  
Yoshiyasu Arai
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Spinal Cord Infarction ◽  
Functional Scores

Spinal cord infarction is an uncommon but devastating disorder caused by various conditions. Aortic dissection is a possible etiological factor and is usually associated with severe chest or back pain. We encountered two cases of spinal cord infarction associated with aortic dissection that presented without typical severe pain, and each case resulted in a different clinical course. Aortic dissection should be considered a cause of spinal cord infarction even if there is little or no pain. The different outcomes in our two patients reflected a difference in their initial functional scores.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia as a process of mental dissolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Aneta Perzyńska-Starkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Level

Abstract In creating his Psychophysiological Theory, Jan Mazurkiewicz transplanted John Hughlings Jackson’s method into the field of psychiatry. Like his precursor, he distinguished four evolutionary levels, but this time with regard to mental activity. According to Mazurkiewicz’s approach, disease is the reverse of evolution. Doing damage to the highest evolutionary level, it allows evolutionarily lower levels to take control of the patient’s psyche. Distorted by the etiological factor, the lower mental levels manifest as mental disease. In his Psychophysiological Theory, Mazurkiewicz distinguishes three types of dissolution: intra-level dissolution (psychoneuroses), slow dissolution or dissociation proper (schizophrenia), and rapid, delirium-like dissolution (impaired consciousness). Kaczyński noted that, based on an in-depth analysis of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of the successive evolutionary levels of the nervous system, Mazurkiewicz transposed the principles of the Jacksonian concept of hierarchical evolution – dissolution. Within a dozen or so years from birth to maturity, the process of evolution of mankind is recapitulated, with the speed of lightning, in an individual – from instincts, which are phylogenetically the oldest, to the highest functions of the frontal lobes. The present paper makes mention of research conducted at Lublin’s Department of Psychiatry which expands on Mazurkiewicz’s theory.

Hoxd10 induction and regionalization in the developing lumbosacral spinal cord

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Lance-Jones ◽  
Natalia Omelchenko ◽  
Anya Bailis ◽  
Stephen Lynch ◽  
Kamal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Lim Proteins ◽  
High Level

We have used Hoxd10 expression as a primary marker of the lumbosacral region to examine the early programming of regional characteristics within the posterior spinal cord of the chick embryo. Hoxd10 is uniquely expressed at a high level in the lumbosacral cord, from the earliest stages of motor column formation through stages of motoneuron axon outgrowth. To define the time period when this gene pattern is determined, we assessed Hoxd10 expression after transposition of lumbosacral and thoracic segments at early neural tube stages. We present evidence that there is an early prepattern for Hoxd10 expression in the lumbosacral neural tube; a prepattern that is established at or before stages of neural tube closure. Cells within more posterior lumbosacral segments have a greater ability to develop high level Hoxd10 expression than the most anterior lumbosacral segments or thoracic segments. During subsequent neural tube stages, this prepattern is amplified and stabilized by environmental signals such that all lumbosacral segments acquire the ability to develop high levels of Hoxd10, independent of their axial environment. Results from experiments in which posterior neural segments and/or paraxial mesoderm segments were placed at different axial levels suggest that signals setting Hoxd10 expression form a decreasing posterior-to-anterior gradient. Our experiments do not, however, implicate adjacent paraxial mesoderm as the only source of graded signals. We suggest, instead, that signals from more posterior embryonic regions influence Hoxd10 expression after the early establishment of a regional prepattern. Concurrent analyses of patterns of LIM proteins and motor column organization after experimental surgeries suggest that the programming of these characteristics follows similar rules.

scholarly journals IgG4-Related Sclerosing Disease Causing Spinal Cord Compression: The First Reported Case in Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nooraldin Merza ◽  
Ahmed Taha ◽  
John Lung ◽  
Anthony W. Benderman ◽  
Stephen E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Systemic Steroids ◽  
First Case

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is known for forming soft tissue mass lesions that may have compressive effects. It is an extremely rare disease that most frequently affects the pancreas causing autoimmune pancreatitis. It can also affect the gallbladder, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands causing respective organ-specific complications. In our report, we describe an IgG4-RD case that affected the spinal cord. A 60-year-old female presented with cervical spinal cord compression caused by IgG4-RD leading to several neurological deficits. Pathological examination of the excisional biopsy of the mass revealed dense lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration and stromal fibrosis with IgG4 and plasma cells. The patient showed a dramatic response to the administration of systemic steroids with almost resolution of her neurological symptoms. This case highlights the first case in literature for IgG4-RD of the extradural tissue causing spinal compression. Hereby, we also demonstrate the dramatic response of IgG4-RD to the administration of systemic steroids as the patient had no recurrence after 5 years of close follow-up, the longest reported period of follow-up reported in the literature to date.

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI W. S. R. SCIATICA: A CASE STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-344
Author(s):  
Sagar Yashwant Doke ◽  
Chandrakant N. Pathade
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Patient Pain

Gridhrasi is one of the “Nanatmaja Vyadhis of vata”. Improper sitting postures continuous and over exertion, jerking movements during travelling and sports produce structural abnormality in spinal cord. Vata is the prime dosha in the causation of Gridhrasi. The vitiated vata dosha get localized in the sphik, kati region. Occasionally it will be associated with kapha producing vata kaphaj Gridhrasi. Gridhrasi is shoolpradhan vyadhi so it causes great discomfort to the patient. Pain primarily starts in the sphik region and in kati which can be related to lumbosacral region where sciatic nerve root starts. Pain later radiates through the posterior aspect of uru, janu, jangha, pada. Gridrasi is cured by the help of shamana chikitsa. Hence in the case study of male patient of age 48 yrs presenting with cardinal clinical sign and symptoms of Gridhrasi are Ruka, Toda, Stambha and Muhu Spandana in the Sphika, Kati, Uru,Janu, Jangha and Pad in order and Sakthikshepanigraha that is restricted lifting of the leg.

The pattern of alkaline phosphatase activity in the developing mouse spinal cord

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
W. H. Kwong ◽  
P. P. L. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Ventricular Cells ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Developing Spinal Cord

The localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the lumbosacral region of the developing spinal cord was studied in 9·5- to 17·5-day mouse embryos. The activity was uniformly distributed in the pseudostratified neuroepithelium of the 9·5-day cord. In the 11·5-day cord in which the lateral motor columns were being formed, the enzymatic activity was localized in the ventrolateral sector of the cord. The enzyme-positive ventricular cells tended to be located medially whereas radially oriented enzyme-positive processes extended into the marginal layer. The 13·5-day cord displayed a similar distribution pattern, but there were many more radial processes and the enzyme-positive cells had spread laterally. Close apposition betweenthe processes and the ventricular cells was observed. By 15·5 and 17·5 days, when the intermediate layer was fully developed and the ventricular layer had regressed to a thin ependyma, the activity had become diffusely located in the ventral half of the cord. The enzyme-positive cells and processes became less conspicuous. The silver-stained processes in the cord were found to be organized in an entirely different pattern from that of the enzyme-positive processes, suggesting that the enzyme-positive processes were not neuronal processes. The enzymatic activity found in the developing spinal cord may be associated with the migration of neuroblasts along the radially aligned processes.

Surgical Treatment of Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Lung Cancer

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Sundaresan ◽  
Manjit Bains ◽  
Patricia McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
In Series ◽  
Iridium 192 ◽  
Localized Disease

Abstract We analyzed the clinical features, radiological findings, and results of surgical treatment in series of 25 patients with lung cancer and invasion of the spine. In 12 of the 25 (40%) patients, involvement of the spine was present at the time of initial presentation of malignancy. Computed tomography revealed the presence of a large paravertebral soft tissue mass with destruction of adjacent ribs in the majority. The surgical approach consisted of an anterolarteral exposure through a formal thoracotmy in 22 patients and a thoracobadominal flank approach in the 3 patients with lumbar lesions. All gross tumor was resected from the involved paravertebral tissues, vertebral body, and epidural space. Immediate stabilization of the spine was then achieved with methyl methacrylate. Local brachytherapy (iridium-192 implants) was used in 19 patients. After treatment, 87% were ambulatory, and 67% maintained ambulation for more than6 months. Our data suggest that compression of the spinal cord in many patients with lung cancer results from direct extension of tumor through the chest wall. Because the majority of such patients often have localized disease involving the spine, aggressive surgical treatment is indicated.

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