scholarly journals Schizophrenia as a process of mental dissolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Aneta Perzyńska-Starkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Level

Abstract In creating his Psychophysiological Theory, Jan Mazurkiewicz transplanted John Hughlings Jackson’s method into the field of psychiatry. Like his precursor, he distinguished four evolutionary levels, but this time with regard to mental activity. According to Mazurkiewicz’s approach, disease is the reverse of evolution. Doing damage to the highest evolutionary level, it allows evolutionarily lower levels to take control of the patient’s psyche. Distorted by the etiological factor, the lower mental levels manifest as mental disease. In his Psychophysiological Theory, Mazurkiewicz distinguishes three types of dissolution: intra-level dissolution (psychoneuroses), slow dissolution or dissociation proper (schizophrenia), and rapid, delirium-like dissolution (impaired consciousness). Kaczyński noted that, based on an in-depth analysis of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of the successive evolutionary levels of the nervous system, Mazurkiewicz transposed the principles of the Jacksonian concept of hierarchical evolution – dissolution. Within a dozen or so years from birth to maturity, the process of evolution of mankind is recapitulated, with the speed of lightning, in an individual – from instincts, which are phylogenetically the oldest, to the highest functions of the frontal lobes. The present paper makes mention of research conducted at Lublin’s Department of Psychiatry which expands on Mazurkiewicz’s theory.

scholarly journals In memory of Professor Jan Mazurkiewicz in the 70th anniversary of his death

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Aneta Perzyńska-Starkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Level ◽  
The University

AbstractThis article reminisces about the life and career of Jan Mazurkiewicz, one of the most outstanding Polish psychiatrists – the author of Psychophysiological Theory, an original conception of mental disease based on the theory of evolution and dissolution of the nervous system developed by the Englishneurologist John Hughlings Jackson. Professor Jan Mazurkiewicz was an active organizer of psychiatric care. He was co-founder and director of hospitals in Kochanówka and Kobierzyn. He held the rank of Associate Professor at the John Casimir University in Lviv and the position of Professor at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. From 1919 until his death in 1947, Professor Jan Mazurkiewicz was the head of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Warsaw. For twenty three years, starting from 1924, he was the president of the Polish Psychiatric Association. The Mazurkiewicz's Psychopathological Theory provides a natural model of development of the highest psychic functions. Damage to a higher evolutionary level of the nervous system leads to the activation of the previously suppressed lower levels, transformed by the pathogen into psychopathological symptoms. Mazurkiewicz's scientific thought was adopted and developed by his student andthen, collaborator, Professor Mieczysław Kaczyński, who was later to become the head of the Department of Psychiatry in Lublin. This work discusses the research conducted at Lublin's Department of Psychiatry which expands on Mazurkiewicz's theory

scholarly journals XXVI. Report on a Communication from Dr Dyce of Aberdeen, to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, ‘On Uterine Irritation, and its Effects on the Female Constitution.’

1823 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dewar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Mental Powers

The communication received from Dr Dyce chiefly consists of a description of a singular affection of the nervous system, and mental powers, to which a girl of sixteen was subject immediately before puberty, and which disappeared when that state was fully established. It exemplifies the powerful influence of the state of the uterus on the mental faculties; but its chief value arises from some curious relations which it presents to the phenomena of mind, and which claim the attention of the practical metaphysician. The mental symptoms of this affection are among the number of those which are considered as uncommonly difficult of explanation. It is a case of mental disease, attended with some advantageous manifestations of the intellectual powers; and these manifestations disappearing in the same individual in the healthy state.

Vegetative nervous system state in patients after medium-grave craniocerebral injury

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Komissarova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Craniocerebral Injury ◽  
System State ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Vegetative Nervous System ◽  
System Functioning

The vegetative characteristic are studied in 45 patients after craniocerebral injury of medium gravity. The peculiarities of the vegetative nervous system functioning in the remote period are the different background characteristics in cardiovascular system, the decreased vegetative reactivity, the complex nature of provision of physical and mental activity. The effect of sex and age of patients, traumatic substrate lateralization and social adaptation nature on the nature of vegetative disorders is shown.

Neurological symptoms of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Adriana Wawer ◽  
Agnieszka Piechal
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Impaired Consciousness ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Brain

Objective. Some viral infections can have a harmful effect on the functioning of the nervous system and can even cause serious neurological damage. This work aims to review the results of studies published so far concerning neurological complications in people infected with coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2, and possible mechanisms responsible for nervous system damage. Literature review. Recently, there have been reports that coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), cause acute respiratory disease, exhibit neurotropic properties and can also cause neurological symptoms. There are studies published showing that these viruses may penetrate to the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusions. Coronaviruses are still poorly understood, so it seems important to study the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on the nervous system. It seems appropriate that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 should be early evaluated for neurological symptoms, including headache and impaired consciousness.

A POSTVERTEBRAL ENTODERMAL CYST ASSOCIATED WITH AXIAL DEFORMITIES: A CASE SHOWING THE "ENTODERMAL-ECTODERMAL ADHESION SYNDROME"

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562
Author(s):  
N. Prop ◽  
E. L. Frensdorf ◽  
F. R. van de Stadt
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Developmental Disturbances

A postvertebral tissue mass excised from the lumbosacral region of a 10-week-old child contained a small coelomic cavity and a convoluted enteric cyst with a blind branch. Some cleft vertebrae occurred at the level of the tissue mass. The ontogenetic development of this complex of anomalies is explained on the basis of an amended theory of Beardmore and Wiglesworth. The primary etiological factor is supposed to have been an adhesion among entodermal and ectodermal cells in the median plane of the embryo in a bilaminar stage. An adhesion of this type can be assumed to cause the following developmental disturbances: (1) a dorsal enteric diverticulum (or fistula), (2) a split (or diverted) notochord and a cleavage of vertebrae, (3) a cleft spinal cord. These defects can be modified by growth and processes of repair. With a reference to the primary anomaly produced, "the entodermal-ectodermal adhesion syndrome" has been proposed as a name for the final complex of malformations.

scholarly journals History of the opposition between psychogenesis and organogenesis in classic psychiatry: Part 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorgos Dimitriadis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of

The question of causation in psychiatry is one of the oldest and most difficult in this field. This paper is the first of two published in this journal. First, it traces the development of psychogenic and organogenic views of mental disorders from Pinel until the early twentieth century. This includes the debate as to how a disturbance of function might create a lesion even without a visible pathological trace. The second part of the paper discusses in detail the controversy between functional and organic causes of mental disease. These concepts evolved taking into account psychological factors and also the response of the uninjured parts of the nervous system to trauma of various kinds.

Beyond the Homunculus: The Executive Brain: Frontal Lobe and the Civilized Mind, by Elkhonon Goldberg. 2001. New York: Oxford University Press. 251 pp., $29.95 (HB).

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
William B. Barr
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Good News ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functions ◽  
The Brain

There is an old saying that one of mankind's biggest challenge will be to fully understand the functioning of the human brain. Some point out the ultimate irony of needing to utilize all 1400 grams of this organ to understand itself. When confronted with the riddle of frontal lobe functions, this argument can be extended further: the part of the brain that is considered to be most responsible for the highest forms of mental activity is likely to be pushed to its own limits in an effort to understand its own functions. While this might seem like an endless loop to some, the good news is that our field has been making serious advances in understanding the executive functions, those abilities we commonly attribute to the frontal lobes. Many of these successes are presented in a clear and engaging manner in this monograph.

1. Pathological Retrospect

1893 ◽  
Vol 39 (167) ◽  
pp. 576-581
Author(s):  
Edwin Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
The Other

Derkum (“Journ. Nervous and Mental Disease,” 1892, xvii.) gives an anatomical description of a (Chinese brain, the seventh which has been carefully examined. In this the features characteristic of the other brains were again noted, namely, unusual degree of convolution, disposition to anastomosis in the perpendicular and horizontal directions, and marked obliquity of the orbital surfaces of the frontal lobes (with the last-mentioned may probably be associated the peculiar position of the eyes in the Chinese). Blending of the central and Sylvian fissures is said to be a frequent feature of such brains. For other details see the original paper.

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