LUNG PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND SURFACE TENSION CORRELATIONS IN INFANTS WITH AND WITHOUT HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE AND IN ADULTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
George W. Brumley ◽  
W. Alan Hodson ◽  
Mary Ellen Avery
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations

Infants who have died with hyaline membrane disease have low concentrations of pulmonary phospholipids and reduced concentrations of saturated fatty acids at the alpha position of lung phosphatidyl choline. There is a highly significant correlation (p< .001) between levels below 12.6 mg of pulmonary phospholipid per gram wet weight lung and high minimum surface tension values of lung saline extracts. Infants without hyaline membrane disease have high concentrations of pulmonary phospholipids (22.3 mg per gram wet weight). Infants who recovered from HMD and died of other causes show values intermediate to those of HMD and non-HMD infants. The excess above the critical minimum noted here suggests a reservoir of pulmonary surfactant.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profile, Physicalchemical Properties and Minerals with Quantify Indicador of Astrocaryum aculeatum Pulp Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Bernardo M. Linhares ◽  
Ana Marcia D. C. Costa ◽  
Herliana D. F. Abreu ◽  
Ana Cristina G. Reis de Melo ◽  
Pedro R. E. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Astrocaryum Aculeatum ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Acid Index

The species Astrocaryum aculeatum (Arecaceae) is known in the Brazilian Amazon as tucumã, whose fruit is much appreciated by the population of the region, where its pulp, oleaginous, is the most consumed. Thus, the aim of this work was to perform a profile of fatty acids by GC-FID and minerals by ICP-OES of the oil of the pulp of the tucumã (A. aculeatum), as well as their physicochemical properties by 1H NMR. The fruits were collected in Alto Alegre city, Roraima, Brazil. These were taken to the laboratory, sanitized and removing your pulp, submitted to the oven with air circulation at 50 °C for 72 h, the dried pulps were milled and sieved between 20-40 mesh. The pulp oil extraction was realized in Soxhlet with hexane for 6 hours (yield of 54.7%). Were identified a total of 10 fatty acids, of these 23.8% are saturated fatty acids and 76.2% are unsaturated fatty acids: palmitic acid (10.4%), stearic acid (4.9%), oleic acid (64.2%), linoleic acid (11%) and linolenic acid (1%). The physicochemical properties have a pulp oil acid index of 0.31 mg KOH g-1, saponification of 190.39 mg KOH g-1, iodine index of 85.97 mg g-1. Minerals such as in their available forms K (70.05 mg L-1) Na (30.30 mg L-1), Ca (20.13 mg L-1) and P (20.07 mg L-1) were observed in high concentrations. The Amazon tucumã is an oleaginous that deserves our attention because it is composed of essential fatty acids that are beneficial to the human health.

THE ALVEOLAR LINING LAYER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-330
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Avery
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Air Liquid Interface

The alveoli of the normal lung are lined by a substance which exerts surface tension at the air-liquid interface. In the expanded lung the tension is high and operates to increase the elastic recoil of the lung. In the lung at low volumes the surface tension becomes extremely low. This confers stability on the airspaces and thus prevents atelectasis. This lining layer is a lipoprotein film, which is not found where alveoli are still lined by cuboidal epithelium. Its time of appearance coincides with the appearance of alveolar lining cells. Electron microscopic evidence of secretory activity in alveolar cells suggests that they may be the source of the surface-active film. The normal alveolar lining layer is not present in lungs of infants who die from profound atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease. Whether its absence is a failure of development or due to inactivation is not established.

The Effect of Fatty Acids upon Tumor Cell Respiration and Transplantability

1963 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J Katchman ◽  
Robert E Zipf ◽  
James P F Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Low Concentrations

Abstract The kinetic effect of palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate upon in vitro endogenous respiration of rat chloromyeloid leukemic cells has been investigated. Inhibition of respiration has been correlated with the ability of fatty acids to cause decreased cell viability and cell count; in the bioassay of fatty acid-treated tumor inocula, the increase in animal life span is correlated to the degree of dilution of the inocula due to cell lysis. The degree of lysis is dependent upon the chemical structure of the fatty acid, concentration, and duration of contact; unsaturated fatty acids are more effective than saturated fatty acids. Tumor cells, when incubated at low concentrations of fatty acids, show stimulation of O2 uptake; however, in the bioassay these fatty acid-treated inocula showed no loss in tumor activity. The nature of the physiochemical interaction between fatty acids and tumor cells is discussed.

Effects of fixatives on function of pulmonary surfactant

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bachofen ◽  
U. Gerber ◽  
S. Schürch
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Minimum Surface ◽  
Natural Surfactant ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Active

The structure of pulmonary surfactant films remains ill defined. Although plausible film fragments have been imaged by electron microscopy, questions about the significance of the findings and even about the true fixability of surfactant films by the usual fixatives glutaraldehyde (GA), osmium tetroxide (OsO4), and uranyl acetate (UA) have not been settled. We exposed functioning natural surfactant films to fixatives within a captive bubble surfactometer and analyzed the effect of fixatives on surfactant function. The capacity of surfactant to reach near-zero minimum surface tension on film compression was barely impaired after exposure to GA or OsO4. Although neither GA nor OsO4 prevented the surfactant from forming a surface active film, GA increased the equilibrium surface tension to above 30 mN/m, and both GA and OsO4 decreased film stability as seen in the slowly rising minimum surface tension from 1 to ∼5 mN/m in 10 min. In contrast, the effect of UA seriously impaired surface activity in that both adsorption and minimum surface tension were substantially increased. In conclusion, the fixatives tested in this study are not suitable to fix, i.e., to solidify, surfactant films. Evidently, however, OsO4 and UA may serve as staining agents.

Effect of oxygen breathing at atmospheric pressure on pulmonary surfactant

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Giammona ◽  
Donald Kerner ◽  
Stuart Bondurant
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Species Difference ◽  
Foam Fractionation ◽  
Minimum Surface ◽  
Oxygen Breathing ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

To evaluate the effects of oxygen breathing at atmospheric pressure on pulmonary surfactant, cats, rabbits, and rats were continuously kept in 98% oxygen until death occurred. Pulmonary surfactant was extracted by mincing of the lung and by foam fractionation of the lung. Surface tension of the extracts was measured on a Wilhelmy balance. Lung extracts prepared by both methods from the cats and rabbits kept in oxygen had greater surface tension than lung extracts from control animals. Surface tension of extracts prepared by foam fractionation of lungs of rats kept in oxygen did not differ from that of extracts of lungs of control rats, whereas surface tension of extracts prepared by mincing lungs of rats kept in oxygen had minimum surface tension greater than that of lung extracts of control rats. This species difference in the effects of oxygen breathing on pulmonary surfactant may reflect a difference in the pathogenesis of oxygen intoxication. oxygen intoxication; surface tension Submitted on October 19, 1964

The effect of fatty acids on the metabolism of lactic acid streptococci: II. Resistance of a variant of Streptococcus cremoris strain C 13

1964 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Anders ◽  
G. R. Jago
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Streptococcus Cremoris ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

SummaryIt was previously found that low concentrations of oleic acid in the growth medium inhibited the growth of Streptococcus cremoris strain C 13. However, a variant of this strain has now been isolated which is capable of growth in relatively high concentrations of oleic acid. This was achieved by the extended incubation of inocula of strain C 13 in milk containing various concentrations of oleic acid.

scholarly journals Stimulation of hepatic biogenesis of sterols on administration of adenosine compounds

1976 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S Rao ◽  
R George ◽  
T. Ramasarma
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Partial Deficiency ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Re-feeding starved rats increased the biogenesis of sterols in livers, with highest activity at 6h after the start of food intake. 2. Complete deficiency of protein or fat and partial deficiency of carbohydrate in the diet had no effect on sterol biogenesis. 3. Glucose, citrate or pyruvate, when administered intraperitoneally to starved rats, stimulated the biogenesis of sterols only at high concentrations. 4. ATP given intraperitoneally at low concentrations (10mg/rat) stimulated biogenesis of sterols, but not of fatty acids, from [1-14C]acetate. This effect was also obtained with other adenosine compounds, but not with adenine or guanosine. 5. Administration of adenosine compounds to starved rats also increased the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into sterols in liver slices and also the activity of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. The results suggest a regulatory role for adenosine compounds in the hepatic biogenesis of isoprenoid compounds.

Dipalmitoyl lecithin: studies on surface properties

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian C. Kuenzig ◽  
Robert W. Hamilton ◽  
Leonard F. Peltier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Dipalmitoyl Lecithin ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Humidified Air ◽  
Surface Balance ◽  
Normal Lungs

A preparation of synthetic dipalmitoyl lecithin has been devised whose activity on a Wilhelmy surface balance is similar to that of extracts from normal lungs. An ethanol solution of lecithin is precipitated with albumin, and a drop of the suspension containing approximately 0.04 mg lecithin is spread on the surface of 0.9% NaCl in the trough of the balance. This preparation appears to be insensitive to oxidation and when run under humidified air gives reproducible results. It has a low minimum surface tension (5—10 dynes/cm) when compressed to 20% of the original surface area and exhibits considerable hysteresis on re-expansion. Addition of certain lipids to the surface film produces changes similar to those caused by addition of these lipids to cat lung extracts. surface tension; surface activity; pulmonary surfactant Submitted on September 8, 1964

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document