CHILDREN OF DIVORCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-595
Author(s):  
Max Sugar

One (or more) out of three marriages in the United States ends in divorce, involving numerous children. The result of a broken home by divorce may be similar to the death of the parent, affecting the emotional growth and development of children. Attention is focused here on the confusion in the parents and children, their projection and compensation for guilt feelings, retaliation by the use of the children, feelings of helplessness and magic in the children, their wishes to reunite the parents, the effects of relocation, and the influence of internal realignments on external realities. The initial emotional response is that of separation anxiety; following divorce finalization, there is a mourning reaction. The manifestation of these responses vary according to the child's age, sex, level of psychosexual development, previous history, and current arrangements. Some understanding and definite guidelines to visitation rights, parental dating, and remarriage are considered. If in spite of their own emotional upheaval the parents are alert to the child's anxiety or depression, they may be able to institute prophylactic measures. This requires parental cooperation which may be quite difficult. Here the advice and explanations of an informed and perceptive pediatrician may be of unique value.

Author(s):  
Ian Miller

Abstract From the 1960s, rising divorce rates forced a re-thinking of family dynamics beyond the nuclear. Traditionally, experts and the public had presumed that children from ‘broken homes’ typically drifted into juvenile delinquency and crime. Children of divorce were blamed for a plethora of social problems. The increasingly common nature of divorce rendered this model unsustainable. Post-war children of divorce were more likely to be framed as ‘emotionally vulnerable’ and studied in more nuanced ways, not least because it seemed increasingly obvious that not all affected children grew up delinquent. A new consensus emerged that problems could only be avoided if parents created appropriate emotional conditions while separating and divorcing, and if parents and children openly communicated their feelings throughout the process. Children themselves were actively encouraged, through a new genre of divorce manuals often aimed at them, to express their emotions with parents and friends. Using Britain as a case study, this article argues that emotions became central to discussion of divorce in the post-war period, placing onuses on breaking down families to create a positive emotional space for affected children.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E Grant

Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders among adults in the United States. Although anxiety disorders generally result in significant psychosocial impairment, most adults do not seek treatment until many years after the onset of the anxiety disorder. The treatment literature for anxiety disorder has grown tremendously since the 1980s, and both psychotherapy and medications may prove beneficial for people with anxiety disorders. This review presents a general overview of the anxiety disorders. This review contains 7 tables, and 33 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, treatment of anxiety


Daedalus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Jones ◽  
Stephen John Stedman

By the standards of prosperity and peace, the post–Cold War international order has been an unparalleled success. Over the last thirty years, there has been more creation of wealth and a greater reduction of poverty, disease, and food insecurity than in all of previous history. During the same period, the numbers and lethality of wars have decreased. These facts have not deterred an alternative assessment that civil violence, terrorism, failed states, and numbers of refugees are at unprecedentedly high levels. But there is no global crisis of failed states and endemic civil war, no global crisis of refugees and migration, and no global crisis of disorder. Instead, what we have seen is a particular historical crisis unfold in the greater Middle East, which has collapsed order within that region and has fed the biggest threat to international order: populism in the United States and Europe.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Helio Junqueira ◽  
Marcia Peetz

One of the most important demands imposed by the consumer market on the Brazilian Productive Chain of Flowers and Ornamental Plants is the constant launching of innovations in cultivated species and varieties. Such innovations include the constant introduction of flowers and plants not yet grown and commercialized, both native and adapted exotic species, as well as transformations and changes in size, shape, coloring and conduction patterns and presentation of these goods to the market. Brazil does not have a relevant breeding and cultivation industry. In this sense, it is highly dependent on imports of genetic material developed by countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, Japan, the United States of America, Thailand, among others. Recent developments in the sectoral policy to protect the rights of genetic developers, in the development of internationally adequate legislation and in the control of the use and trade of cultivars, has allowed Brazil greater access to new genetic materials of high quality and in line with contemporary international trends in the consumption. This article aims to discuss the state of the art of protection of cultivars in Brazil, pointing to the advances that the legislation and the inspection have allowed in relation to the introduction of genetic innovations, evaluating the impact of these measures on the growth and development of the market of consumption of flowers and ornamental plants in the country.


Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 687-687
Author(s):  
Takuto Takahashi ◽  
Yusuke Okubo ◽  
Atsuhiko Handa ◽  
Scott T. Miller

Abstract Background: Acute chest syndrome (ACS) remains a leading cause of mortality among children with sickle cell disease (SCD); overall, nearly 50% of ACS is diagnosed during hospitalizations for other complications including painful vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). Methods: The present study assesses epidemiological features of children hospitalized with VOC and evaluates factors potentially associated with development of ACS utilizing the large national all-payer Kid's Inpatient Database over a recent 9 year period. Records of children (age < 20 years) were reviewed from 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012) and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors and adjust for patient and hospital characteristics. Results: Total annual hospitalization rates with VOC were variable, ranging from 26.4 per 100,000 children in 2009 to 29.5 in 2012. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed children age 5-9 years had 2.38 times higher odds of developing ACS than children age 15-19 (95%CI, 2.22 to 2.56). Comorbidity of asthma was a risk factor for ACS (OR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.36 to 1.53). ACS was as common in Hb SC patients hospitalized for VOC as those with SS. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that despite increasing use of hydroxyurea in children shown in other reports, there has been no reduction in hospitalization rate for pain, and even young children are at risk for ACS. Though de novo ACS is less common in Hb SC, vigilance and prophylactic measures are required for those hospitalized for pain. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic interventions including bronchodilator therapy for asthmatics hospitalized for VOC. Disclosures Miller: Pfizer Pharmaceutical: Research Funding.


Author(s):  
Ángela López García

Tanto Eugene O’Neill como Virgilio Piñera crearon sus propias versiones sobre el mito clásico de Electra con el fin de realizar una crítica a las sociedades estadounidense y cubana, respectivamente. Separadas por una década, ambas obras de teatro giran en torno a las relaciones paterno-filiales y a la necesidad de romper con las tradiciones heredadas a través de la educación recibida. El presente ensayo compara Mourning Becomes Electra, de O’Neill, y Electra Garrigó, de Piñera, con el objetivo de destacar tanto sus similitudes como sus diferencias. Haciendo uso de tradiciones distintas para ahondar en las dinámicas familiares (el psicoanálisis en el caso de O’Neill y el existencialismo y el choteo cubano en el de Piñera), ambos autores actualizan el mito a su manera, siempre recalcando la necesidad de rebelión contra modelos impuestos con el fin de ser libres. Mientras que el autor estadounidense se decanta por condenar a su protagonista, Lavinia Mannon, a un determinismo psicológico consecuencia de los comportamientos de sus padres, el escritor cubano prefiere hacer a su Electra, de apellido Garrigó, libre y capaz de romper con toda tradición para así poder elegir su destino. Si bien ambos personajes terminan encerradas detrás de las puertas de sus palacios, Lavinia Mannon lo hace forzada por la imposibilidad de escapar a su destino, mientras que Electra Garrigó lo hace por decisión propia, ejerciendo su libertad. En definitiva, este ensayo busca recalcar el mensaje común de ambos autores y cómo cada uno lo desarrolla de forma completamente diferente. Both Eugene O’Neill and Virgilio Piñera wrote their own versions of the classical myth of Electra as a critique of the distinct societal structures they perceived in the United States and Cuba respectively. Only a decade apart, these reinterpretations focus on the nature of the relationships between parents and children and on the urge to emancipate from inherited traditions and parental constraints. This comparative essay thus highlights the similarities and differences in the plays­ Mourning Becomes Electra by O’Neill and Electra Garrigó by regarding the ways both authors reimagined the Greek myth, using different critical approaches: while O’Neill relies on Freudian psychoanalysis to delve into family dynamics, Piñera has a tendency towards existentialism and Cuban choteo. Their works are an appeal to a rebellion against cultural structures based on tradition in order liberate oneself from their crippling nature. While the American author condemns his Electra character (named Lavinia Mannon) to a life determined by psychological constraints resulting from her parent’s behavior, Piñera makes his Electra (whose surname is Garrigó) emancipated and in the position to break with tradition in order to pursue her own fate. Despite both characters remaining locked in their own mansions, Lavinia Mannon is trapped due to her psychological inability to escape her own destiny, whereas Electra Garrigó does it because it is her own free choice to do so. Ultimately, this essay shows how these authors share a common message that they carry out in completely distinct ways.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyi Anisah ◽  
Siti Nursanti ◽  
Muhammad Ramdhani

Divorce is an event that causes separation between father, mother and child which occurs due to various factors. Separation will bring a problem, one of which is on the development of a child. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors support broken home children being able to show positive behavior and have achievements. The method in this research is qualitative with a case study approach with a multi-case design, data collection techniques by interview and literature study. The results showed the role of interpersonal communication that goes well between parents and children can have a positive impact on children's development. In addition, the role of family communication is also very important for children's behavior and achievement. Good family communication can determine a child's behavior, how the family communicates and how to educate children will affect a child. In addition to the role of interpersonal and family communication, there are interpersonal communication factors that can influence such as openness, trust, empathy and supportive attitudes. The conclusion of this study is that good interpersonal communication and family communication can be a measure of the character development of broken home children and there are other supporting factors that can influence the success of good behavior and achievement of a broken home child.


Author(s):  
Sasha Zarins ◽  
Sara Konrath

Compassion, or empathic concern, is an emotional response to another’s suffering, coupled with the desire to take action to alleviate that suffering. Throughout history, older generations have been critical of younger generations, often arguing that they are more self-focused than previous generations. However, it is important to examine actual data with respect to changes over time in such variables. Without doing so, we risk spreading potentially harmful and inaccurate stereotypes about young Americans. The goal of this chapter is to review research examining changes over time in compassion-related variables in the United States. Research suggests that compassion-related variables have indeed been declining over time, while self-focused variables have been increasing. However, we will also discuss counter-arguments and counter-evidence, and present possible implications of this research.


Author(s):  
Molly Y. Zhou

The chapter focuses on the concept of race as a learned identity based on lived experiences of the story teller. Her experience carried her through academic learning in two higher learning institutions in the United States in the south. Besides her learning of academic knowledge, her discovery of relationships on race in education was something not expected before her journey to the west in the US. The journey is a process of rediscovery of herself and her search for knowledge. The repositioning of herself in a racially diverse society such as the US sheds light on the complex issues on race, academic learning and issues on the support and structure of academic learning and professional development for marginalized populations in higher learning institutions. The finding revealed the question of what race is: it is not the knowledge that matters the most, it is the process of finding one's self in diversity that speaks louder on one's growth and development professionally and personally. It is the process of discovering one's race that matters.


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